Chapter 1-2 Practice Tests

A psychologist investigates that methods teachers use to enhance student learning. In which of the following subfield is the psychologist most likely working? a. educational psychology b. experimental psychology c. school psychology d. social psychology e. forensic psychology

A

A research psychologist generalizes from a particular sample to an entire population. This is an example of a. statistical inference b. random sampling c. a correlational study d. stratified sampling e. descriptive statistics

A

All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT: a. Research may not involve deception. b. Participation must be voluntary. c. Participants must be informed of potential risks. d. Privacy must be protected. e. Participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement.

A

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the a. adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions b. disruptive effects of unconscious motives c. component elements of sensory experience d. treatment of psychological disorders e. inward immediate sensations, feelings, and impulses.

A

Psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of a. Sigmund Freud b. Skinner c. Maslow d. Rogers e. Watson

A

Research participants were asked to monitor and report their own immediate sensory reactions to differently colored objects. This research involved a technique known as a. introspection b. psychometrics c. empiricism d. structuralism e. functionalism

A

The unreliability of introspection contributed to the waning popularity of a. structuralism b. behaviorism c. functionalism d. psychiatry e. empiricism

A

Which of the following best describes the view of the mind held by Plato and Socrates? a. The mind is separate from the body and continues after the body dies b. The mind is an illusion produced by the brain c. The mind should be studied through careful, empirical observations d. The mind is made up of knowledge that is a result of our experiences e. The mind results from biological processes produced by neural transmissions.

A

Which of the following perpectives would be most likely to examine the unconsious motives of a person who is overly aggressive on the basketball court? a. psychodynamic b. social cultural c. behavioral d. evolutionary e. humanistic

A

Which of the following professionals focuses on the study of human flourishing and the attainment of a happy, meaningful life? a. Positive psychologists b. Evolutionary psychologists c. Behavioral psychologists d. Cognitive psychologists e. Psychotherapist

A

Which of the following psychologists most strongly emphasize that human behavior is powerfully influenced by the interaction between people and their physical, social, political, and economic environments a. community b. evolutionary c. educational d. industrial-organized e. Rehabilitation

A

Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more? a. Experiment b. Case Study c. Survey d. Nat. Observation e. Correlation

A

Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher? a. Debriefing b. Random sampling c. Random assignment d. Using only single-blind studies e. Using only double-blind studies

A

Which school of thought in psychology focused on the adaptive nature of thinking and how our consciousness evolves to meet our needs? a. functionalist b. structuralist c. Behavioral d. humanistic e. Psychodrama

A

Who among the following would most likely study the interaction of people, machienes, and physical environment a. Human factors psychologists b. Personality psychologists c. Industrial-organized psychologists d. Counseling psychologists e. Educational psychologists

A

A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists had not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is a. an experiment b. a case study c. correlational research d. survey e. cross-sectional research

B

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean? a. 75 b. 77 c. 86 d. 90 e. 99

B

According to the behavioral perspective, psychological science should be rooted in what? a. introspection b. observation c. cultural influences d. growth potential e. basic needs

B

Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research a. allows for prediction b. may reveal a causal relation c. establishes a mathematical relation d. defines the strength of the relation e. uses a dependent variable

B

It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when a. they want to ensure that conditions are assigned randomly b. they want to be able to replicate the experiment c. they want to organize the hypotheses appropriately d. they are conducting experimental research but not correlational research e. they are conducting an experiment with no independent and dependent variables

B

The self-reflective observation of one's own sensations and feelings is called a. clinical psychology b. introspection c. humanism d. Gestalt psychology e. spaced practice

B

Which of the following is the best example of applied research? a. investigating personality traits b. using psychological concepts to boost worker productivity c. experimenting with how people percieve different stimuli d. studying the changing abilities of children from ages 2-5 e. exploring the neural changes that occur during adolescene

B

Which of the following psychologists would most likely conduct psychotherpay a. biological b. clinical c. industrial-organizational d. cognitive e. evolutionary

B

Which of the following statements would John B Watson most agree with? a. psychology should study the growth potential in all people b. Psychology should study the unconscious mind c. Psychology should study observable behavior d. Psychology should study mental thought process e. Psychology should study how culture and beliefs impact an individual

B

Which psychological principle best explains why studying an hour per day for a week is more effective than one 7-hour session? a. testing effect b. distributed practice c. SQ3R d. retrieval practice effect e. Psychometrics

B

positive psychology, which studies the ideas behind human flourishing is connected to which psychologist a. John Locke b. Martin Seligman c. Charles Darwin d. Sigmund freud e. John Watson

B

the _____________ perspective emphasizes observation of how we respond to and learn in different situations.

Behavioral

From the 1920s to the 1960s, the two major forces in psychology were _____________ and _____________ psychology.

Behaviorism, Freudian

A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who a. display financial resources b. have high social status c. appear fertile d. are taller than average e. are highly educated

C

A teacher finds the distribution of scores on a final exam to be positively skewed with low variability. On the basis of this information, the teacher would be most justified in concluding that a. a small number of students in the class did poorly on the exam b. the students in her classroom have a very wide range of intellectual abilities c. the exam was too difficult d. the exam is not a reliable assessment tool e. most of her students are of above average ability

C

Self-relective introspection about the elements of experience best describes a technique used by which school of thought in psychology a. functionalism b. Empiricists c. structuralism d. behavioralism e. humanistic

C

The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by A. Wilhelm Wundt B. Sigmund Freud C. William James D. John B. Watson E. René Descartes.

C

The study of our human potential for personal growth has been a focus of which psychological perspective a. behavioral b. functionalist c. humanistic d. Psychodynamic e. structuralist

C

Which of the following best describes research typical of William Wundt's first psych laboratory a. testing ESP using a wall to observe auras above participants head b. using a brain-scanning device to determine the impact events have on brain function c. measuring the reaction time between hearing a sound and pressing a button d. studying helpful behavior, based on the premise that people are good e. making careful observations of animal spirits

C

Which of the following is a major issue in modern day psychology a. evolutionary-biological b. social-cultural-biospychsocial c. nature-nurtre d. psychodymanic-cognitive e. social-cultural-behavior

C

Which subfield or perspective is most interested in studying the link between mental activity and brain activity? a. humanistic psychology b. gestalt psychology c. cognitive neuroscience d. Psychodynamic perspective e. evolutionary psychology

C

A psychologist works with children whose parents are divorcing. She helps develop skills they need to cope with situation. Which of the following psychologists is most likely to be helping these children a. industrial-organizational b. social c. resaerch d. consueling e. community

D

Contemporary psychologists are most likely to reject which of the following as appropriate for the study of psychology? A. experimentation B. observation C. empiricism D. introspection E. mental activity

D

The debate about the relative contributions of biology and experience to human development is most often referred to as what? a. evolutionary analysis b. behaviorism c. cognitive revolution d. nature-nurture issue e. natural selection

D

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches? a. Sociocultural b. Cognitive c. Behaviorist d. Psychodynamic e. Gestalt

D

Which of the following is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of a study? a. Independent variable b. Dependent variable c. Control variable d. Confounding variable e. Continuous variable

D

Which of the following kinds of psychologists would most likely explore how we process and remember information? a. Developmental b. biological c. social d. cognitive e. personality

D

Which of the following perspectives is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of info might alter our thoughts? a. Evolutionary b. Psychodynamic c. Humanistic d. Cognitive e. Biological

D

While reviewing scores from a chapter test, a teacher discovered that the mean score was higher than the median. Which of the following statements is most likely correct? a. The range of the set of scores is the difference between the mean and the median. b. The standard deviation is equal to the mean. c. The distribution of scores for the test is normal. d. The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed. e. The distribution of scores is multimodal.

D

A researcher uses debriefing when he a. uses deception in a study b. has a study approved by the Institutional Review Board c. has a study approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee d. explains the purpose of a study before the study begins e. explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete

E

Dwanye is interested in helping people make good decisions regarding their physical well being. Dwayne should consider a career as a ... a. community psychologist b. social psychologist c. forensic psychologist d. industrial-organized psychologist e. health psychologist

E

Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with understanding which of the following? a. Learning b. Motivation c. Development d. Sensation e. Perception

E

Psychiatrists differ from clinical psychologists in that they a. help people cope with challenges and crisis b. conduct research c. explore how we view the world and affect one another d. experiment with how people percieve, think, and solve problems e. are medical doctors licensed to prescribe medication

E

What was the main difference between the psychological thinking of Wilhelm Wundt and earlier philosophers who were also interested in thinking and behavior? a. Wundt was German; earlier philosophers were American b. Wundt was the first professor from a major university interested in psychology c. Wundt was the first scholar to call himself a psychologist d. Wundt used psychotherapy techniques established by Freud to examine the thinking and behaviors of healthy individuals e. Wundt and his students gathered data about human thinking and behavior in a labroatory setting

E

Which of the following would most likely want to investigate biological, psychological, cognitive, and social changes over a lifetime a. educational b. experimental c. social d. cognitive e. developmental

E

The_____________-_____________ perspective in psychology focuses on how behavior and thought differ from situation to situation and from culture to culture

Social-cultural

The school of _____________ used introspection to define the mind's makeup

Structuralism

The science of behavior and mental processes is the definition of which field of study? a. Philosophy b. cognitive neuroscience c. basic research d. psychology e, applied resaerch

d

Which psychological perspective is most likely to focus on how our interpretation of a situation affects how we react to it? a. Psychodynamic b. biological c. social-cultural d. evolutionary e. cognitive

e

_____________ focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

functionalism

The _____________ _____________ describes the enhanced memory that results from repeated retrieval (as in self-testing) rather than from simple rereading of new information.

testing effect