Chapter 1

Human-generated structured data

This includes input data, click-stream data, or gaming data.

Unstructured data

This is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is typically free-form text such as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages. This accounts for about 80 percent of the data that surrounds us.

Internet of Things (IoT)

a world where interconnected, Internet-enabled devices or "things" can collect and share data without human intervention. Over 20 years ago a few professors at MIT started this.

Machine-generated data

created by a machine without human intervention. Machine-generated structured data includes sensor data, point-of-sale data, and web log data.

Human-generated data

data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate

Machine to Machine (M2M)

devices that connect directly to other devices

Structured data

has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address. Structured data is typically stored in a traditional system such as a relational database or spreadsheet and accounts for about 20 percent of the data that surrounds us.

Big data

is a collection of large complex data sets, including structured and unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools.

report

is a document containing data organized in a table, matrix, or graphical format allowing users to easily comprehend and understand information. Reports can cover a wide range of subjects or specific subject for a certain time period or event.

snapshot

is a view of data at a particular moment in time.

static report

is created once based on data that does not change. Static reports can include a sales report from last year or salary report from five years ago.

Information

organized, analyzed, interpreted data that offer value to marketers

Data

raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object Examples: Order date Amount sold Customer number Quantity ordered

Fact

the confirmation or validation of an event or object

Information Age

when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can use a computer