Chapter 1 anatomy midterm

Which examples exhibit the basic life process of growth? 1. muscle contraction 2. digestion of proteins 3. lifting weights and gaining muscle mass 4. mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 3 and 4

3 and 4

Place the events in correct order A- Input about the controlled condition is sent to the control center. B- If needed, the control center sends output to an effector. C-The effector can produce a response that helps maintain homeostasis. D-A receptor monitors a controlled condition E-The control center evaluates the value of the controlled condition compared to the set point.

D,A,E,B,C

When your fingers touch your shoulder, they are considered________from the shoulder? a) proximal b) contralateral c) lateral d) superficial e) distal

distal

Hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center to the a) receptors b) stimulus c) afferent pathway d) effectors e) efferent pathway

effectors

Bunions are awful painful, pressure-sensitive areas that lead to displacement of the big toe. What term refers to the big toe? a) pollex b) tarsal c) hallux d) pedal e) carpal

hallux

An antigen is anything that can cause an immune response. Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of these responses? a) exercise physiology b) renal physiology c) pathophysiology d) cardiovascular physiology e) immunology

immunology

Which body process is controlled using a positive feedback loop? Select all that apply a) decreasing blood calcium in response to elevated blood calcium b) decreasing body temperature in response to elevated body temperature c) decreasing blood glucose in response to elevated blood glucose d) increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch e) decreasing heart rate in response to elevated blood pressure f) depolarization causes sodium channels to open and the opening of sodium channels causes the membrane to depolarize

increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch depolarization causes sodium channels to open and the opening of sodium channels causes the membrane to depolarize

Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues? a) lymph b) blood plasma c) interstitial fluid d) intracellular fluid e) vitreous body

interstitial fluid

In the figure, the ascending colon and the gallbladder are considered ________to each other a) ipsilateral b) contralateral c) lateral d)distal e) posterior

ipisilateral

When holding your arms out to the side at shoulder level, your fingers are ________from your midline. a) medial b) anterior c) proximal d) posterior e) lateral

lateral

) Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which medical imaging? a) computed tomography b) magnetic resonance imaging c) ultrasound scanning d) radionuclide scanning e) low-dose radiography

low- dose radiography

Measuring the movements of protons in a magnetic field is a) computed tomography b) magnetic resonance imaging c) ultrasound scanning d) radionuclide scanning e) amniocentesis

magnetic resonance imaging

The pericardial cavity is located inside the a) parietal pleura b) visceral pleura c) parietal periotneum d) visceral peritoneum e) mediastinum

mediastinum

Cutting open the chest at the sternal marking would represent a(n) a) sagittal plane b) midsagittal plane c) transverse plane d) oblique plane e) coronal plane

midsagittal plane

Which structure or region could one clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position? a) shoulder blade b) palm of the hand c) plantar surface of foot d) popliteal region of the knee e) gluteal region

palm of the hand

Amputation of the arm at the shoulder would be a(n) a) frontal plane b) parasagittal plane c) transverse plane d) oblique plane e) midsagittal plane

parasagittal plane

If one was reviewing the pattern of tissue changes associated with disease development, they would be studying a) exercise physiology b) renal physiology c) pathological anatomy d) cardiovascular physiology e) immunology

pathological anatomy

Which cavity contains the heart? a) cranial cavity b) vertebral cavity c) abdominal cavity d) pericardial cavity e) pleural cavity

pericardal cavity

1) Which describes the study of the functions of body structures? a) anatomy b) physiology c) endocrinology d) histology e) immunology

physiology

) Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis are muscles that help move what anatomical marking? a) pollex b) tarsal c) hallux d) volar e) carpal

pollex

During sexual intercourse, stimulation leads to an increase in arousal and sexual behavior. This in turn leads to increased stimulation, until climax is reached and orgasm takes place. This is an example of a) positive feedback b) negative feedback

positive

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin are enzymes secreted by cells in your stomach to digest proteins. The presence of partially digested protein in the stomach triggers the secretion of more HCl and pepsin. Thus, once digestion begins, it becomes a self-accelerating process. This is an example of a) positive feedback b) negative feedback

positive

What cavity contains the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas and the duodenum? a) retroperitoneal b) visceral pleura c) parietal pericardium d) visceral peritoneum e) mediastinum

retroperitoneal

If someone receives CPR, compressions will be performed on the ______area. a) pelvic b) umbilical c) sternal d) otic e) inguinal

sternal

During a visit to your doctor, you complain about headache and anxiety. These changes in your body functions are considered a) signs. b) symptoms. c) receptors. d) controlled condition. e) responsiveness.

symptoms

2) A group of cells that work together to perform a particular function is a(n) a) tissue b) organ c) molecules d) compounds e) organism

tissue

Cutting the body in half at the diaphragm, would create the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. What plane would create these halves? a) frontal b) sagittal c) transverse d) oblique e) midsagittal

transverse

Put the cavities in order from broadest to most specific in which the urinary bladder is located a) ventral, abdominopelvic, pelvic, parietal peritoneal, visceral peritoneal b) abdominopelvic, ventral. pelvic, visceral peritoneal, parietal peritoneal c) ventral, abdominopelvic, visceral peritoneal, pelvic, parietal peritoneal d) abdominopelvic, pelvic, ventral, parietal peritoneal, visceral peritoneal

ventral, abdominopelvic, parietal peritoneal, visceral peritoneal

Visceral pericardium: __________ Parietal peritoneum: __________ Parietal pleural: __________ Drop Down Choices: adheres to the outside of the heart lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity lines the wall of the chest cavity

1,2,3

When the body is in correct anatomical position, the upper appendages are _______to the heart. The 3rd digit is __________to the 2nd and 4th digit. The 5th digit is ________to the 1st digit. Drop Down Choices: Lateral Medial Intermediate Inferior Superficial

Answer 1: Lateral Answer 2: Intermediate Answer 3: Medial

The nose is ____to the eyes. The ears are _____to the eyes. The scapula is _____to the sternum. The antecubital is __________to the olecranal marking. Drop Down Choices: Anterior Lateral Medial Posterior

Answer 1: Medial Answer 2: Lateral Answer 3: Posterior Answer 4: Anterior

In negative feedback, the _____ monitors the controlled condition. Input about the controlled condition is sent to the ___________, which evaluates the information received and compares it to the controlled conditions set point. If needed, a(n) ______ will cause a change to the controlled condition. Homeostasis helps maintain controlled conditions at a(n) _____, which is the ideal range. Drop Down Choices: Control center Effector Receptor Set point

Answer 1: Receptor Answer 2: Control center Answer 3: Effector Answer 4: Set point

If you eat a funnel cake, the following (simplified) events will occur: Glucose from the carbohydrates is absorbed in the intestine and the level of glucose in blood rises. Blood glucose levels rise and stimulates beta cells in the pancreas to release insulin; while simultaneously inhibiting alpha cells release of glucagon. Insulin has a major effect of facilitating the movement of glucose into many cells, such as the liver; as a result, blood glucose levels fall. When blood glucose levels drop, the stimulus for insulin release disappears and insulin is no longer secreted. What type of feedback is occurring? ______ What is the stimulus? ______ What are the receptors? ______ What is the output? ______

Answers: Negative Increased glucose levels in blood Beta cells Insulin

) What are common characteristic of a negative feedback system? Select all that apply a) regulates conditions in body that remain fairly stable over long periods b) a self-amplifying cycle where a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction. c) important in maintaining homeostasis d) involves control centers in the nervous or endocrine systems e) stimulates changes that reverse the direction of the stimulus f) rate of a process increases as the concentration of the product increases

a,c,d,e

Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the posterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position? Select all that apply. a) shoulder blade b) palm of the hand c) plantar surface of foot d) popliteal region of the knee e) gluteal region

a,d,e

3) What process occurs when amino acids build new proteins a) metabolism b) anabolism c) catabolism d) responsiveness e) differentiation

anabolism

) Blood is often drawn from the front of the elbow or the _______ marking. a) olecranal b) antecubital c) carpal d) digital e) antebrachial

antecubital

Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The sternum is _____ to the heart. a) posterior b) anterior c) inferior d) superior e) lateral

anterior

) If a doctor listens to a gurgling noise within the gastrointestinal tract, they are performing a) inspection b) palpation c) percussion d) auscultation

ausculation

Which organ contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure? a) skin b) arteries c) brain d) heart e) pituitary gland

brain

Based on the correct levels of organization, why is the skin considered an organ? a) chemical - cellular - tissue - organ - organ system - organism. Organs interact to form systems. b) cellular - chemical - tissue - organ - organ system - organism. Organs are a combination of cells. c) organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cellular - chemical. Organs are a combination of tissues. d) Organs are a combination of molecules.

c) organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cellular - chemical. Organs are a combination of tissues.

) Place the following levels of organization from the most complex to the simplest level of organization. a) chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organismal level organ level, b) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organismal level c) cellular level, tissue level, organ level, chemical level, organismal level d) chemical level, organ level, cellular level, tissue level, organismal level

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organism

During a cadaver lab, the professor requests the students to cut the head with a transverse plane a coronal plane. Describe the results. a) the student will have two halves, right and left b) the student will have two halves, superior and inferior c) the student will have two halves, anterior and posterior d) the student will have four parts; divided vertically into anterior and posterior, and superior and inferior e) the student will have four parts; divided into right and left, and anterior and posterior

d) the student will have four parts; divided vertically into anterior and posterior, and superior and inferior

) _____occurs when an embryonic stem cell becomes a neuron. a) catabolism b) growth c) reproduction d) anabolism e) differentiation

differentiation

Cardiomyopathy worsens as the heart weakens. Swelling in the legs occurs and is classified as a... (Select all that apply) a) symptom. b) disorder. c) disturbance. d) disease. e) sign.

disorder, disturbance, sign

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the effects of hormones control of reproduction? a) endocrinology b) cardiovascular physiology c) neurophysiology d) immunology e) pathophysiology

endocrinology

Which tissue will form the top layer of the skin? a) epithelial tissue b) connective tissue c) muscular tissue d) necrotic tissue e) nervous tissue

epithelial

) Which noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection? a) tapping and listening for an echo to detect fluid in the lungs b) feeling the abdomen to detect tender organs c) listening for crackling sounds during breathing d) examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of a rash e) feeling the gonads to detect abnormal masses

examining the surface of patient's skin for presence of rash

If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of a) negative feedback b) positive feedback

negative

The two organ systems that predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the a) cardiovascular and integumentary systems. b) nervous and endocrine systems. c) cardiovascular and respiratory systems. d) respiratory and muscular systems. e) urinary and integumentary systems.

nervous and endocrine

Which subspecialty of physiology addresses pharmacology, chemistry and physiology of nervous tissue? a) endocrinology b) cardiovascular physiology c) neurophysiology d) immunology e) pathophysiology

neurophysiology

Swimmers ear is an infection in the outer ear canal. What anatomical term refers to the area infected? a) otic b) orbital c) ocular d) oral e) occipital

otic

) Metabolism of the brain can be measured through a) computed tomography b) magnetic resonance imaging c) ultrasound scanning d) positron emission tomorography e) low-dose radiography

positron emission tomography

A component that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the a) receptor b) muscle c) response d) effector

receptor

The function of the secretions of the pleura, is to... a) separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities. b) protect the central nervous system. c) prevent infection. d) reduce friction between neighboring organs. e) carry nervous impulses.

reduce friction between neighboring organs

) Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of ______; Itching the mosquito bite is an example of ____________. Dropdown choices: differentiation growth movement reproduction responsiveness

responsiveness, movement

) Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is _____ to the liver. a) inferior b) anterior c) contralateral d) superior e) superficial

superior

) Mothers are able to visualize a fetus during pregnancy through a) computed tomography b) magnetic resonance imaging c) ultrasound scanning d) radionuclide scanning e) amniocentesis

ultrasound scanning

Put the cavities in order from broadest to most specific in which the lungs are located a) thoracic, ventral ,parietal pleura, visceral pleura b) ventral, visceral pleura, thoracic, parietal pleura, c) ventral, thoracic, parietal pleura, visceral pleura d) thoracic, ventral, visceral pleura, parietal pleura

ventral, thoracic, parietal pleura, visceral pleura