[Chapter 1 and 2 ] Biology

match each of the following terms to the phrase that best describes it... a.natural selection b.Evolution c.hypothesis d. biosphere

Answer : a :unequal reproductive success b: descent with modification c:a testable idea d :all life supporting environments on earth

An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing ______. An atom can be changed into different isotope by adding or removing ____.

Electrons; neutrons

A nitrogen atom has 7 protons and the most common isotope of nitrogen has 7 neutrons. A radioactive isotope of nitrogen has 9 neutrons. What are the atomic numbers and the mass numbers of the stable and radioactive forms of nitrogen?

Nitrogen-14 has an atomic number of 7 and mass number of 14. The radioactive isotope, nitrogen -16, has an atomic number of 7 and mass number of 16.

what distinguishes a fact from an opinion ?

a fact should confirmed to be the same by all observers, whereas opinions can different from one observer to the next.

Place the following levels of biological organization in order from smallest to largest : atom, biosphere, cell, ecosystem, molecule, organ, organism, population tissue. Which is the smallest level capable of demonstrating all of the characteristics of life.?

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere; the cell

Which is not a characteristic of all living organisms?

b (some living organisms are single celled)

What is chemically nonsensical about this structure?

each carbon has only three convalent bonds instead of the required four.

______ is the core theme that unifies all areas of biology

evolution

which statement best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

hypotheses usually are narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power and are supported by a lot of evidence.

by comparing genes between green sea turtles and humans, insight can be gained into how those genes encode specific physical traits.

information flow: genes encode information to make proteins, which then produce physical traits

as global climate changes, green sea turtles alter many aspects of their behavior

interaction with biological systems: chemicals released in one part of the world can interact with ocean water in another part affecting life found there

How does natural selection cause a population to become adapted to its environment over time?

on average those individuals with heritable traits best suited to the local environment produce the greatest number of offspring that survive and reproduce. This increases the frequency of those traits in the population over time. the result is the accumulation of evolutionary adaptations.

Why are radioactive isotopes useful as tracers in research on the chemistry of life?

organisms incorporate radioactive isotopes of an element into their molecules just as they do nonradioactive isotopes, and researchers can detect the presence of the radioactive isotopes.

although green sea turtles consume a lot of vegetation , they get few nutrients from each mouthful requiring them to graze frequently.

pathway that transform energy and matter: sea turtles obtain both energy and molecular building blocks from the grass they consume

Plants use the process of photosynthesis to convert the energy in sunlight to chemical energy in the form of sugar. While doing so, they consume carbon dioxide and water and release oxygen. Explain how this process functions in both the cycling of chemical nutrients and the flow of energy through an ecosystem.

photosynthesis cycles nutrients by converting the carbon in carbon dioxide to sugar, which is then consumed by other organisms. Additionally, the oxygen in the water is released as oxygen gas. Photosynthesis contributes to energy, which is then also consumed by other organisms, and by producing heat.

if you change the number of ____, the atom become different element.

protons

which statement best describes the logic of the process of science?

test results may or may not support my hypothesis

Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water molecule would be arranged like this ?

the positively charged hydrogen region would repel each other.