chapter 1
At the time of Portugal's Atlantic exploration, the economies of West Africa were organized chiefly around slavery. T/F
false
Before Europeans arrived in the New World, Native Americans were without extensive trading networks, irrigation systems, or large cities. T/F
false
Between 1492 and 1820, approximately 20 million African slaves came from the Old World to the New World. T/F
false
Europeans in the 1500s held firmly to the view that all men are created equal. T/F
false
In 1493, the Catholic pope, Alexander VI, divided all the Americas between Spain and Britain. T/F
false
In the Spanish colonies, race and class were not important. T/F
false
Little contact existed among the diverse Indian societies of North America. T/F
false
Most European men in the 1500s owned property and could vote. T/F
false
Most European men in the 1500s owned property and could vote. T/F
false
New Netherland extended all the way down from Quebec to the lower Mississippi Valley. T/F
false
The Aztecs lived in a peaceful, nonviolent society. T/F
false
The Aztecs lived in a peaceful, nonviolent society. T/F
false
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was swiftly crushed by Spanish authorities. T/F
false
When the author, Eric Foner, uses the term "unfree labor," he refers to those persons who were performing work, not for free as volunteers, but for wages. T/F
false
he Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs. T/F
false
Which was not a characteristic of American Indians?
four different tribes in americas
In the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish in Central and South America relied on many of which of the following groups to work fields and mines?
indians
During the Pueblo Revolt, which of the following names were ordered to never be spoken again?
mary
Who were the mestizos?
mixed Spanish and Indian origin
Who were the peninsulares?
persons of European birth
In which country did the reconquista occur?
spain
Africans enslaved other Africans long before the arrival of European traders. T/F
true
Approximately 10 million men, women, and children came from the Old World to the New World between 1492 and 1820. T/F
true
At the time of first contact with the Europeans, perhaps 12 million people lived in the Inca kingdom. T/F
true
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, all European nations had established churches, and religious wars between nations (and sometimes within them) were fierce. T/F
true
In 1537, Pope Paul III decreed Indian slavery ended, but not African slavery. T/F
true
Most Indian tribes were matrilineal. (T/F)
true
On the eve of colonization of the Americas, freedom in Europe was framed in hierarchical, top-down terms, with each level of society enjoying its own degree of freedom. T/F
true
Perhaps 80 million Native Americans died in the century and a half following first contact in consequence of diseases carried by Europeans. T/F
true
Small-scale slavery in which Indians enslaved other Indians existed in Indian society. T/F
true
Spanish settlers in the New World comprised a mix of laborers, soldiers, priests, bureaucrats, craftsmen, and professionals. T/F
true
The reconquista was the reconquest of Spain from the Moors. T/F
true
The transatlantic voyages of Columbus were sponsored by Spain, which had just achieved its own territorial unification. T/F
true
To justify their colonial ventures, Spain invoked the threat of Protestantism. T/F
true
When Columbus first sailed to America in 1492, Christian Europe was entirely Catholic; twenty-five years later, following Martin Luther's 95 Theses, the Protestant Reformation had begun, and Europe was thrown into more than 100 years of Christian religious wars. T/F
true
Which of these crops did not form the basis of Native American agriculture?
wheat
At the time of first contact between Europeans and Native Americans, Native Americans had not developed:
wheeled transportation
The first African slaves were transported to the New World in what year?
1502
Which of the following European countries did not have a colonial presence in seventeenth-century North America?
Germany
Which was not expressed by Bartolomé de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552? a. He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration. b. He wrote that Spanish Catholics burned Native American children alive. c. He asserted that Indians should be able to keep their land. d. He suggested that African slaves be imported into the Americas. e. He described how the Spanish made forced laborers of Indians of all ages.
a. He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration.
Which was not expressed by Bartolomé de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552? a. He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration. b. He wrote that Spanish Catholics burned Native American children alive. He asserted that Indians should be able to keep their land. c. He suggested that African slaves be imported into the Americas. d. He described how the Spanish made forced laborers of Indians of all ages.
a. He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration.
Which of the following was a characteristic or action of the Zuni Indians of the Southwest? a. The peak of their culture and population occurred about the years 900 to 1200. b. They traded with peoples as far away as Mexico and the Mississippi Valley. c. They diverted the Colorado River as part of their ritualistic ancestor worship. d. They developed irrigation systems for desert farming.
a. The peak of their culture and population occurred about the years 900 to 1200.
Which was not an aspect of Native American religious beliefs? a. Their written religious text was called the Wicca. b. Most Indians held that a single-creator god created the world. c. Most Native Americans believed spiritual powers suffused the world in animals, plants, trees, water, and wind. d. Shaman and medicine men held central positions of authority. e. Participation in religious rituals helped define community membership.
a. Their written religious text was called the Wicca.
Which of the following was not a notable feature of sixteenth-century Spanish America? a. The Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs. b. Indians were compelled to work, either as slaves or as wage laborers, in gold and silver mines or on large haciendas. c. A blending of Indian and Spanish culture gradually took root. d. A Black Legend regarding the harshness of Spanish colonial rule spread across the Atlantic world.
a. the Spanish crown took little interest in the administration of colonial affairs.
The chief goal of fifteenth-century Portuguese expansion was: a. the establishment of a trading empire in Asia. b. sanctuary for persecuted religious sects. c. further knowledge about African and Asian culture. d. hard evidence that the world was round.
a. the establishment of a trading empire in Asia.
A significant outcome of the Portuguese arrival in West Africa was:
an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade.
In European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World after 1492, all of the following were true except: a. Europeans imagined the Americas as a place of golden cities and fountains of youth. b. Europeans brought with them a broad-ranging tolerance for others' viewpoints; kindness and tolerance being the mark of civilized peoples. c. Africans were enslaved and treated with great cruelty. d. Millions of Indians died from diseases brought by the Europeans.
b. Europeans brought with them a broad-ranging tolerance for others' viewpoints; kindness and tolerance being the mark of civilized peoples.
Which was not a means by which Cortés conquered the Aztecs a. He was aided by thousands of Native Americans. b. He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons. c. He relied on superior military technology such as iron weapons and gun powder. d. He was aided by a smallpox epidemic that killed many Aztecs.
b. He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons.
Which was not a means by which Cortés conquered the Aztecs? a. He was aided by thousands of Native Americans. b. He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons. c. He relied on superior military technology such as iron weapons and gun powder. d. He was aided by a smallpox epidemic that killed many Aztecs.
b. He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons.
The freedom of a Christian man or woman meant/means: a. freedom to do your own thing; freedom to be who you want to be. b. subservience, submission, and servitude to God. c. freedom to follow whatever faith (or none) you choose. d. freedom of speech and assembly, and from burdensome taxes.
b. subservience, submission, and servitude to God.
Which of the following was not a significant motivation behind European colonization in the New World? a. the acquisition of profitable lands and precious metals b. the spread of democracy to the Americas c. the attainment of national glory d. the religious and cultural uplift of peoples Europeans considered "barbaric"
b. the spread of democracy to the Americas
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? a. Pizarro's conquest of the Incas; Balboa's expedition to the Pacific; Vespucci's explorations along South America b. Vasco da Gama's expedition to India; Bartolomeu Dias's arrival at the Cape of Good Hope; Portuguese traders' appearance at Benin c. Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs; Las Casas's Destruction of the Indies; Spanish abolition of Indian enslavement d. Pueblo Revolt; Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo's exploration of Pacific coast; Samuel de Champlain's founding of Quebec
c. Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs; Las Casas's Destruction of the Indies; Spanish abolition of Indian enslavement
Which of the following was not a prominent cultural belief among Indian societies of North America? a. Land was there for the use of the tribe as a whole, not for the enrichment of individuals. b. Spiritual power resided in all aspects of the natural world. c. Only holders of property should take part in tribal governance. d. Hunting and fishing were for men; farming was largely for women.
c. Only holders of property should take part in tribal governance.
A significant outcome of the Portuguese arrival in West Africa was: a. a decline of Portuguese interest in finding a sea route to Asia. b. the abolition of slavery along the west coast of Africa. c. an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade. d. large-scale immigration from West Africa to western Europe.
c. an expansion of Africa's internal slave trade.
Prior to 1800, the largest settled community in what is now the United States was. T/F
cahokia
Which of the following was not a feature of Native American civilization prior to the voyages of Columbus? a. All were descended from hunters who had crossed the Bering Straits during the Ice Age. b. Agricultural, settled societies originated in modern-day Mexico approximately 9,000 years ago. c. The Aztec and Inca empires were based in modern-day Mexico and Peru, respectively. d. Large cities were unknown to the Americas.
d. Large cities were unknown to the Americas.
Which is not an achievement of the Indians of North America in the thousands of years before Columbus's arrival? a. In the Ohio River Valley, Indians built large earthen burial mounds. b. Near present-day St. Louis, 10,000 or more people built giant earthen mounds. c. People built a series of giant semicircular mounds in present-day Louisiana. d. People in present-day Arizona constructed a large circle of red-earthen boulders.
d. People in present-day Arizona constructed a large circle of red-earthen boulders.
A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadors. T/F
false
