Chapter 1 History

House of Burgesses

America's first law-making body, formed in July 1619 by representatives from the different communities in Virginia

The French and Indian War

war fought between France and England in the 1750s over territorial claims in North America

Queen Elizabeth 1

who built England into a sea power? Then religious issues caused Spain and England to go to war.

John Locke

wrote Two Treatises of Government (1690), in which he said that it was the duty of government to protect the citizens' "natural rights." These natural rights were life, liberty, and property.

John Ralph

Pocahontas' husband; helped rescue the failing colony of Jamestown by making a discovery that finally made Jamestown and the Virginia colony profitable-tabacco; he was the first English tobacco grower in Virginia

William Penn

Quakers; founded Pennsylvania; left America with a plan in mind for a "holy experiment" that would reflect his Quaker beliefs. He wanted Pennsylvania to be a haven for Quakers.

Pocahontas

Rolfe was the first English tobacco grower in Virginia. He was taught the correct method for curing tobacco by his wife, a Native American woman named ..... from the powerful Powhatan Confederacy.

Christians, Africans were forced to be slaves

What Western European religion was brought to the Western Hemisphere to Native Americans? What happened to the Native American populations here?

Aztec; Cortez

What ancient civilizations capital was located in modern Mexico City? What Spanish conquistador conquered them?

Fishery

What business fueled the economy of New England in order to pay for their imports?

Tobacco

What cash crop became the gold of Virginia?

Pennsylvania

What colony enjoyed great wealth and growth that provided the most economic opportunities of new settlers?

The Indians killed them; they were dispersed.

What do some people believe happened to the lost colonist at Roanoke?

The Mayflower Compact

What document was written on board the Mayflower that was the first attempt to construct a self governing body in America?

Rebirth

What does the word "Renaissance" mean?

To protect the fur trade, the French had made alliances with the Algonquins and Hurons. They also had built forts from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi Valley. The British built forts and alliances of their own.

What effects did the French and Indian War have upon the colonies?

Many settlers died from malaria or dysentery from contaminated water. Settlers also spend also spent more time looking for gold than growing food, many of them dies of starvation

What factors led to hardships for the Jamestown settlers?

Pilgrims

What group of people came to America to seek religious freedom and greatly influenced the future of America?

Witches were being hanged

What happened in Salem, Massachusetts as a result of this type of thinking?

The settlers were English; Jamestown: young single men; servants; many more slaves

What is the only thing in common between Plymouth & Jamestown? What were the major differences?

Bahama Islands

What island chain in the modern Western Hemisphere did Columbus land on in the early 1490's?

Martin Luther

a German monk who criticized some church practices and challenged church officials to a public debate his followers were known as protestant.

Magna Carta

a charter of liberties agreed to by King John of England; it made the king obey the same laws as citizens

Mayflower Compact

a legal contract pilgrims signed in which they agreed to make laws to protect the general good it was one of the first attempts at self-government in the English colonies

Aztec

a militaristic Mesoamerican Empire who formed a large empire in present day Mexico in the 1400s

Encomienda System

a privilege given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed them to control the lands and people of a certain territory

The Great Awakening

a religious movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Salutary Neglect

a term coined by British statesman Edmund Burke regarding the English colonies; idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, without too much British interference

Mayan

began their rise around 400 BC. They built large pyramids, and they also developed a writing system and a number system that used the number zero.

Hernando Cortez

conquered the wealthy powerful Aztec empire this conquest inspired later explorers to search for more gold

Mercantilism

economic system of trading nations used from about the 1500s to the 1700s; held that a nation's power was directly related to its wealth

Sir Walter Raleigh

What English explorer pushed for colonization in the new world to compete against Spanish conquest in South and Central America?

Captain John Smith

What English settler is captured by the Indians from Jamestown?

Powhatan

What Indian chief controlled the Chesapeake Bay during the colonization of Jamestown?

Pocahontas

What Indian girl met Captain Johns Smith at the hand of her father the powerful Algonquin Indian Chief?

Christopher Columbus

What Italian sailor gained the support of Spain to fund a voyage west across the Atlantic?

Squanto

What Native American help negotiate a peace treaty between the colonist and Indians along with showing them how to grow crops?

Prince Henry the Navigator

What Portuguese man founded a school to find a water route to the Far East around the lower tip of Africa?

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

What Treaty divided the world between Spain and Portugal?

Pocahontas

A Native American from the powerful Powhatan Confederacy who taught her husband the correct method for curing tobacco; met Captain John Smith at the hand of her father, the power Algonquin Indian Chief

John Smith

English settler captured by the Indians from Jamestown; issued printed propaganda to draw many new settlers to the New England colonies; helped rescue the failing colony of Jamestown by imposing military discipline on the Jamestown colonist

• It has changed territorial boundaries in North America. Effects of the war included: • Colonial Unity • New boundaries • War debt • Effect on Native Americans

How might the French and Indian War become a precursor to the American Revolution?

Spanish Armada

In 1588 the Spanish king sent a fleet of 130 ships, known as the.... , to invade England. But England's superior navy actually defeated the ..... The defeat was a major blow to Spain because it meant that England could start building its own colonies in North America.

rice

In the proprietary colony of Carolina, what was the major crop?

John Winthrop

Soon, thousands of Puritans moved to New England. Some Puritan merchants organized the Massachusetts Bay Company. Their goal was mainly to make a profit. But some of them wanted to create a religious haven. Their leader,......., thought the colony should be a model for others, saying in a sermon, "For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."

The treaty of Paris 1763

Then in a turning point of the war, the British beseiged Quebec in New France. The city fell in September 1759. France surrendered the next year. The Treaty of Paris officially ended the war in 1763.

It was unusual in the diversity of nationalities and religions among its settlers; they included not only the English and Dutch, but also the Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans brought by the Dutch West India Company

What made New York different from other English colonies in North America?

Captain John Smith; the great migration

What man from Jamestown issued printed propaganda to draw many new settlers to the New England colonies? What was this period called?

Something they were doing was wrong-change or be destroyed

What message did most Puritans believe God was sending them by allowing fortune to the Catholic French or the heathen Indians?

English thought Indians would welcome them

What mistake did English explorers make regarding Native American relations?

Fences

What modern practice of most homeowners today was embodied by the first New England settlers to show others the ownership of their property?

Moslem Nations

What nationality controlled the vital trade routes that would bring goods from the Far East to Western Europe?

The land contracts

What negotiation between the settlers and the Indians were often misunderstood by both parties?

Roanoke

What original settlement failed because of location and bad relations with Native Americans?

2%;13%

What percentage of the population in New England where slaves? What about in the southern colonies?

Netherlands

What place in northern Europe did they first move to before seeking a colony in North America?

Kate Phillips War

What specific Indian war fought in New England helped to reshape Indian and colonial relations in North America?

Feudal

What system dominated Western Europe prior to colonization?

Spain, France, and English

What three European nations dominated the North American continent in the mid 1700's?

1. Widespread property ownership 2. An assembly allowing colonist a role in governing. 3. Citizen militia instead of a professional militia.

What three components of modern society are infused into Jamestown that made them a success?

Dutch and the Swedes; New Netherlands

What two European Nations settled the neglected middle region of the original thirteen colonies? What Dutch Colony surrendered to an English fleet and later became New York?

Spain and Portugal

What two European nations began looking for a way to bypass Mediterranean trade routes to bring goods to Europe?

Caravel; Emblem of the cross

What type of ship was constructed to lead these explorations and what symbol shown on most of the sails?

Food Supply

What was the biggest obstacle presented by early British colonist to making Jamestown a success?

Spain and France also had American colonies, and territorial struggles among the three countries eventually led to war.

What was the central conflict of the French and Indian War?

Virginia

What was the entire region along the entire Atlantic coast called by the English?

to make the English settlers subordinate to the Indians

What was the purpose of all of the ceremony in which John Smith endured during his captivity with the Algonquin Indians?

The colonies benefited by being left alone. New Engenders were governed by town meetings.

What were the causes and the effects of salutary neglect in the colonies?

Territorial Struggles

What were the principles behind the policy of mercantilism?

Asia

When Columbus died in 1506 what continent did he believe he was exploring?

Father

When Pocahontas later married colonist John Rolfe in England, what term did she use to describe Captain John Smith that proves that when he was held captive she had become part of his adopted family?

Massosoate came with deer and gave it to the plimith colonist

Who actually initiated the celebration of the first Thanksgiving?

A leader, went back to England seeking reinforcements And went back to the colonist and they were gone

Who was John White and what happened upon his return?

Queen Mary

Who was the colony of Maryland named after?

Megellans Crew

Who was the first European sailor's crew to circumnavigate the world?

Vasco Degamma

Who was the first Portuguese Sailor to reach the coast of India?

John Winthrop

Who was the leader of the Great Migration and the colony at Massachusetts Bay?

John Cabot and his son Sebastian

Who were the first Europeans to reach North America from Europe in 1497 and reached the Chesapeake Bay?

Puritans

Who were the radical reformers that wanted to rid all ceremonial practices of the Catholic Church from the Church of England (Anglican)?

It would help them be sufficient

Why might self-government in the colonies be important?

It became America's first law-making body

Why was the establishment of the House of Burgesses important?

Proclamation of 1763

law created by British officials that prohibited colonists from settling in areas west of the Appalachian Mountains

Indentured Servants

men and women whose employers pay for passage to the country they wish to emigrate to, food, and shelter; in return the indentured servants agree to work for the employer for a certain number of years, usually five or seven

The Enlightenment

movement that began in Europe in the late 1600s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government; also called the Age of Reason

crusades

open European eyes to new land and people. A series of wars began between Christians and Muslims who fought over control of Palestine. Muslims eventually remained controlled of this area.

Line of demarcation

pope Alexandra the VI drew an imaginary line to the north pole to the south pole in the Atlantic ocean

Navigation Acts

series of laws passed between 1651 and 1663 by Parliament, ensuring that the colonies would remain profitable for England; laws stated that all goods coming from Europe or Africa to the colonies had to travel on British ships manned with a British crew

Jamestown

the first colony in America; set up in 1607 along the James River in Virginia

feudalism

the system that dominated Western Europe prior to colonization

conquistadors

their goals were God, gold, and glory; they lead expeditions south to the US