chapter 1 homework

What do scientists mean when they use the term "Black Box"? (Module 1.6A) a. Scientists are referring to missing knowledge. b. Scientists are referring to MRI units. c. Scientists are referring to the limitations and risks of studying the human body. d. Scientists are referring to X-ray units. e. Scientists are referring to the known extent of knowledge in A&P.

a. Scientists are referring to missing knowledge.

The cranial bones almost entirely surround the brain and protect it. Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the cranial bones and the brain? a. The cranial bones are superficial to the brain. b. Cranial bones are anterior to the brain. c. The cranial bones are proximal to the brain. d. The cranial bones are lateral to the brain.

a. The cranial bones are superficial to the brain.

Why is twisting movement not allowed at the elbow joint? a. because the humerus fits into a deep depression on the ulna, and projections of bone prevent twisting b. because the end of the humerus fits into a broad, shallow depression near the end of the ulna c. because the elbow joint only allows movement in two planes d. because the elbow joint is a ball-and-socket joint

a. because the humerus fits into a deep depression on the ulna, and projections of bone prevent twisting

Regarding cells and the cell theory, __________. a. cells are the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions b. only reproductive cells are produced by the divisions of preexisting cells c. bone cells are the structural building blocks of all plants and animals d. neurons are the most abundant cells in the body Submit

a. cells are the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions

The wrist is ________ to the elbow. a. distal b. proximal c. horizontal d. medial e. lateral

a. distal

In humans, cells: a. do not exist as independent entities. b. are not the smallest structural units that perform all vital functions. c. are organized into millions of different types in the human body. d. work independently in the human body. Submit

a. do not exist as independent entities.

Which tissue type lines the inner surfaces of the blood vessels and heart? a. epithelial tissue b. neural tissue c. connective tissue d. muscle tissue

a. epithelial tissue

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is termed a. homeostasis b. effector control. c. integration d. positive feedback. e. negative feedback

a. homeostasis

Which organ system functions to return tissue fluid to the bloodstream? a. lymphatic system b. skeletal system c. cardiovascular system d. urinary system

a. lymphatic system

Moving from simpler to more complex, which level of organization is immediately before (simpler than) the cell? a. organelle b. tissue c. molecule d. atom

a. organelle

Based on the Biological Hierarchy of Organization, tissues join together to form what structures? a. organs b. organelles c. molecules d. cells

a. organs

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream? a. respiratory b. digestive c. lymphatic d. endocrine e. cardiovascular

a. respiratory

In the body, what type of functions do positive feedback loops perform? a. Positive feedback is the primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation. b. Positive feedback loops operate when a potentially dangerous or stressful process must be completed quickly before homeostasis can be restored. c. Positive feedback produces responses that minimize or reduce the change in the original conditions. d. Positive feedback provides long-term control over the body's internal conditions and system.

b. Positive feedback loops operate when a potentially dangerous or stressful process must be completed quickly before homeostasis can be restored.

Which example correctly describes the relationship of form and function at the chemical level? a. Cellular receptors exist only on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. b. The binding of chemical messengers to receptors often results in a shape change, which affects receptor function. c. Receptors on plasma membranes maintain their shape whether they are bound or unbound to chemical messengers. d. The chemical messengers act only on the cells that release them. Submit

b. The binding of chemical messengers to receptors often results in a shape change, which affects receptor function.

The knee is proximal to the ankle. Which of these other terms could also be used to correctly describe the relationship between the knee and the ankle? a. The knee is contralateral to the ankle. b. The knee is superior to the ankle. c. The knee is superficial to the ankle. d. The knee is medial to the ankle. Submit

b. The knee is superior to the ankle.

Regarding neurons, which of the following is true? a. They recycle calcium and potassium. b. They exist in many different types and shapes. c. Their function is to absorb nutrients, vitamins, water, and minerals. d. They are continuously produced in enormous numbers. Submit

b. They exist in many different types and shapes.

In the example of blood clotting that occurs after a severe cut: a. the effector, activated by the control center, opposes the original stimulus. b. a positive feedback loop occurs. c. the clotting process decelerates as the damage to cells in the blood vessel wall releases chemicals. d. negative feedback is the primary mechanism.

b. a positive feedback loop occurs.

Based on the description of the organs' relative locations, which organ would the surgeons see first if looking into the incision? a. Rectum b. bladder c. cervix d. Uterus

b. bladder

What is one of the major functions of the lymphatic system? a. mineral storage b. defense against infection and disease c. internal transport of nutrients, waste, and gases d. directing immediate responses to stimuli

b. defense against infection and disease

What structure physically separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? a. lungs b. diaphragm c. peritoneum d. stomach

b. diaphragm

The ankle is ______ to the knee. a. medial b. distal c. superficial d. proximal

b. distal

In the homeostatic regulation example of ambient temperature control, the air conditioner functions as the __________. a. receptor b. effector c. stimulus d. control center

b. effector

Which term refers to moving away from the body's midline? a. medial b. lateral c. distal d. superficial

b. lateral

In which body cavity are the female reproductive organs found? a. pericardial b. pelvic c. abdominal d. pleural

b. pelvic

Which sectional plane would separate the thorax from the abdomen? a. frontal b. transverse c. sagittal d. median

b. transverse

The process of labor is an example of a positive feedback loop, because a. The delivery of a baby after labor is very beneficial, or "positive," for the body b. The process is painful and potentially harmful c. The body amplifies the change in conditions d. The result always creates a higher level of something and never a lower level of something

c. The body amplifies the change in conditions

If one were to identify a muscle in the sural region, it would be found in which of the following? a. thigh b. ankle c. calf d. anterior leg

c. calf

In which process can the released chemicals be used to generate energy or to support growth? a. circulation b. adaptation c. digestion d. excretion

c. digestion

With which method can one typically observe structure at the tissue level? a. light microscope b. electron microscope c. dissecting microscope d. unaided eye

c. dissecting microscope

Which of the following is located in a median position? a. Right foot b. lung c. mouth d. shoulder

c. mouth

The extracellular matrix of connective tissues consists of which of the following? a. ground substance and nuclei b. nuclei and fibers c. protein fibers and ground substance d. glandular secretions and ground substance Submit

c. protein fibers and ground substance

The tissue level of organization is best described as __________. a. the smallest living units in the body b. organs interacting with one another c. similar cells (and their products) working together to perform one or more specific functions d. two or more different types of cells working together to perform several functions

c. similar cells (and their products) working together to perform one or more specific functions

Which scenario(s) exemplifies exemplify the relationship between form and function? a. Abnormally shaped hemoglobin leads to a reduced ability to carry oxygen. b. The "thinning" of bone, which occurs as one ages, may lead to an increased risk of bone fracture. c. Weakened heart valves are unable to prevent blood from flowing backward in the heart. d. All of the above listed responses are correct.

d. All of the above listed responses are correct.

Which of the following is NOT correct for anatomical position? a. Legs are straight with toes aimed forward b. Nose facing forward c. Arms fully extended d. Palms facing inward towards the thighs

d. Palms facing inward towards the thighs

How are the skeletal system and muscular system related or similar in function? a. The skeletal system provides mineral storage, while the muscular system functions in the absorption of minerals. b. They both produce heat. c. They both function in blood formation. d. They both function in support within the human body.

d. They both function in support within the human body.

Anatomically, the forearm is known as which of the following? a. brachium b. pollex c. antecubitis d. antebrachium

d. antebrachium

Which of the following is the correct relationship between a primary tissue type, or subtype, and one of its functions or characteristics? a. neural tissue; lines internal passageways and chambers b. muscle tissue (skeletal); found in walls of blood vessels c. epithelial tissue; fills internal spaces d. connective tissue; stores energy

d. connective tissue; stores energy

A midsagittal section would pass through the a. leg b. kidney c. spleen d. heart e. lung

d. heart

Which organ system directs immediate responses to stimuli? a. reproductive system b. lymphatic system c. endocrine system d. nervous system

d. nervous system

Which of the following is a term that can be used instead of dorsal? a. ventral b. distal c. lateral d. posterior

d. posterior

Which of the following processes, for very small organisms, simply involves transferring materials across exposed surfaces? a. digestion b. locomotion c. circulation d. respiration

d. respiration

What other organ are the surgeons likely to find in the hypogastric region? a. Stomach b. heart c. liver d. small intestine

d. small intestine

In cardiac physiology, why must blood pressure in the major arteries be maintained within normal limits? a. to prevent vessel damage from low pressures b. to ensure that the timing and sequence of the heartbeat are constantly changing c. to prevent vessel collapse from high pressures d. to prevent vessel damage and vessel collapse from high and low pressures, respectively

d. to prevent vessel damage and vessel collapse from high and low pressures, respectively