Chapter 1
Polymerase chain reaction
Copying short pieces of DNA
Recombinant DNA technology
Cutting and recombining DNA molecules
Restriction enzymes
For cutting DNA
Enzyme DNA ligase
For pasting pieces of DNA together
What are bioethics?
The study of decision-making as it applies to moral decisions because of advances in biology, medicine, and technology
What is Biotechnology?
The study of living things or their component molecules, cells, tissues, organs
"pure science" research
Companies that don't work "for-profit"
What are the 5-step scientific methods used by scientists?
1.State a testable question based on information 2. Develop a hypothesis 3. Plan a valid experiment 4. Conduct the outlined experiment and collect data 5. Formulate a conclusion
Biotechnologies are grouped into what 4 categories?
1. Pharmaceutical 2. Agricultural 3. Industrial 4. Research
Two ways scientists share their experimental results with others
1. Publish their work in scientific periodicals 2. Publish their work in journals
Scientific positions in most biotechnology companies fall into one of what four categories?
1. Research and Development 2. Manufacturing and production 3. Clinical research 4. Quality Control
How can the Strategy for Values Clarification can be used to solve a problem such as the use of embryonic stem cells?
Helps an individual form a position on an issue and be able to justify it
Why might having lab experience be a benefit for a nonscientific employee at a biotechnology company
Helps employees work more productively with all members of the company
Why does it take nearly 15 years to bring a drug to market?
Long process: 1. Product identification 2. Research and Development 3. Small-scale manufacturing 4. Testing for safety and efficacy 5. Manufacturing 6. Sales and Marketing
Does every product in research and development (R&D) make it to market? Yes and no?
No, it may be too costly to produce
What group of potential products must be tested in clinical trials before it can be marketed?
Pharmaceuticals
What are the components of a conclusion?
REE (Results, Evidence, Explanation), PE (Possible Errors), PA (Practical Applications)
What kind of enzymes allow scientists to cut and paste pieces of DNA together to form recombinant DNA?
Restriction Enzymes (cuts DNA) DNA ligase (pastes DNA together)
What types of biotechnology employees is currently in large demand?
Technicians and Lab directors, senior scientists, staff scientists
Besides biotechnology companies, where can biotechnologist work?
University labs Government agencies
One of the first GMO products
t-PA