Chapter 1: lessons 11,12,13,17

If you are dissecting a specimen, which would you be LEAST likely to use to help you? Pins A scalpel Forceps Scissors A Bunsen burner

A Bunsen burner

For accurate volume measurements, which is the best piece of equipment to use? A large beaker A small beaker A graduated cylinder An eyedropper An Erlenmeyer flask

A graduated cylinder

Which piece of equipment is used to see very small specimens and samples? A microscope Protective eyewear An eyedropper A hot plate Scissors

A microscope

What might you use to run a reaction or observe substances in the lab? A thermometer A graduated pipette A test tube A Bunsen burner A large beaker

A test tube

Why are standard units important in the biology lab? All of the answers are correct. Reduce confusion Reduce rounding Reduce conversions Reduce error

All of the answers are correct.

The other important thing to keep in mind is that Celsius is a capital C because it is named after Swedish scientist ________ _______, who proposed the original Centigrade scale. This scale was named as such because it has 0 being the ______ ________ of water and 100 being its ________ ________, and the prefix 'centi' means '100.'

Anders Celsius freezing point boiling point

__________ are a common piece of equipment when the substance will be mixed and/or poured into some other container, and they have a special pouring spout just for this purpose.

Beakers

________ come in all different sizes. Smaller beakers are more appropriate for mixing ________ amounts of fluid, while large beakers are appropriate for mixing________ amounts of fluid.

Beakers smaller larger

________ _________, developed by none other than its namesake, _____ ________. This produces a single flame that can be used to heat substances.

Bunsen burner Robert Bunsen

Finally, we measure temperature using degrees _________ in the biology lab, represented by the degrees symbol and a capital letter 'C' (°C). Converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit is not as simple as we have seen with the other units of measurement, and we need an equation to help us understand this one. To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius, we use the equation ______________ If you want to have the temperature in °F, you convert from °C through this equation: °C x 9/5 + 32.

Celsius °C = (°F - 32) x 5/9.

_________ ________ __________ this compares the weight of objects in pans on each side of a balance. To find mass, place something known mass in one pan, and in the other pan, place the object of the unknown mass. When the pans are level, the _______ are equal.

Double pan balance equal

Most commonly used is the __________ __________, which looks like an upside-down funnel. This piece of equipment is used to hold liquids, but because of its narrow neck is not generally used to mix anything.

Erlenmeyer flask

_________ are great for adding one drop of liquid at a time, but not good for measuring exact amounts.

Eyedroppers

A ________ __________ also has a thin neck, but instead of a cone-shaped bottom, it has a round one. This makes it very useful for _____ ______, but again, not so much for mixing them.

Florence flask boiling liquids

Giga- Mega- Kilo- Hecto- Deka- [base unit] Deci- Centi- Milli- Micro- Nano-

G 1,000,000,000 10^9 M 1,000,000 10^6 k 1,000 10^3 h 100 10^2 da 10 10^1 base unit 1 10^0 d 0.1 10^-1 c 0.01 10^-2 m 0.001 10^-3 µ 0.000001 10^-6 n 0 .000000001 10^-9

While the SI unit for temperature is ______, most scientist use the SI- derived unit, _________, to measure temperature

Kelvin Celsis

What is the standard unit of mass? Newton Pound Kilogram Weight Quart

Kilogram

Describe the difference between mass and weight?

Mass- is the amount of matter in an object. Weight- is the amount of gravitational forces acting on mass

What is the standard unit of length? Meter Mile Kilometer Yard Kilogram

Meter

What is the best use of a beaker? Mixing and pouring substances Heating substances Dissecting organisms Transferring one drop of substance at a time Measuring accurate volumes

Mixing and pouring substances

Quantity Measured SI Unit (symbol) 1 length (distance) __________________________ 2 Mass __________________________ 3 Weight (or force) _______________________ 4 Volume (or capacity) _________________________ 5 Temperature _________________________ 6 Time ________________________ 7 Electric current ________________________ 8 amount of substrate ________________________ 9 light intensity _________________________

Quantity Measured SI Unit (symbol) 1 length (distance) meter (m) 2 Mass grams (g) 3 Weight (or force) Newtons (N) _ 4 Volume (or capacity) Liter 5 Temperature Kelvin (K) 6 Time second (s) 7 Electric current ampere (A) 8 amount of substrate moles (mol) 9 light intensity candela (cd)

____________ is a measure of the consistency of scores over time.

Research Reliability

If the boiling point in Celsius is 100 degrees, what is it boiling point in Kelvin?

T(k)=T(c)+273.15 T(k)=100+273.15 T(k)= 373.15 373.15 Kelvin

The formula to convert Celsius and Kelvin

T(k)=T(degree C)+273.15 or T(c)=T(k)-273.15

_____ _______ for measuring distance that would be hard to measure using a meter-stick or trundle wheel, such as the distance around the object

Tape measure

You place a paper clip in a cup of soda and it sinks. Which is denser-the paper clip or the soda? Would the paper clip most likely have density of 2.8,1.0,0.3 g/mL?

The paper clip is more dense than the soda because it sinks. If it was less dense then the soda it would float. Water has a density of 1 the paper clip has a density of 2.8 soda< Water< paper cliip

Define volume and list common volume measured.

Volume is the amount of space something takes up. It SI unit is L examples- soda can & milk bottle

Volume of a solid formula....

You just multiple Length time width time height. v=Lxwxh

To measure the mass of something, we use a ______.This special lab scale gives us mass readings in ________.

balance grams

Volume of irregular solids The best way to measure volume of an irregular solids is to place it in water and find the volume of water it _________. The difference between the new and old volume measurement is equal to the volume of the object.

displaces

If a research study is so specific and strange that it does not have any real world application, we can say that the study has a low level of _____. face validity reliability internal validity external validity ecological validity

ecological validity

________ ____________ just put the object on the pan and read the mass

electronic balance

A group of researchers want to make sure that any results they find in a particular group of participants would also be true for other people, in other places, in studies with other researchers. If a study can do this, we can say that the study has a high level of _____. face validity ecological validity external validity reliability internal validity

external validity

A researcher performed a study in which she concluded that children who have parents who read to them at home have better reading skills at school. However, she only included children in the top reading level at school, and no children who have trouble reading. Because she only included one group, and not all groups of children, her study probably has a low level of _____. reliability internal validity ecological validity external validity face validity

external validity

If we simply want to measure the volume of a liquid, we would use a _______ ________, which looks like a tall, thin beaker. ________ ________ also come in a variety of sizes and are much more ______ for measuring volume than a beaker.

graduated cylinder Graduated cylinders accurate

_______ ________ a cylinder marked on the outside to indicate how much fluid it contain. Take your reading from the bottom of the ______ and make sure you are taking the reading at ______ level.

graduated cylinder Meniscus eye level

A _______ __________ is not as accurate as a volumetric one, but because it has many graduations, you can measure many different volumes instead of just the one.

graduated pipette

_____ ________ is an electric source of heat. You can use this to heat glassware or substances, and some ______ __________ even have magnetic stirrers in them so you don't have to do that yourself!

hot plate

Temperature

how hot or cold something is

List the types of validity 1 2 3

internal external ecological

A research study where the cause-effect conclusions are accurate, and there are no other possible explanations for the results, has a high level of _____ validity. ecological face internal external population

internal validity.

internal validity

is defined as making sure that the cause-effect relationship identified in the study is really there, and there are no other explanations for the results.

external validity

is that the results you get from the sample of participants in your study are true of people outside of the experiment as well. I

mode

is the number found most often.

mean

is what most people just call the average. You get the mean by adding up all the values and dividing by how many values there are.

For mass (which is NOT an object's weight!) we use the standard unit of ________, represented by the letters 'kg.' Think of a quart of milk and that's the amount of mass you're looking at here. We don't use pounds because this represents _______, which is actually the force due to gravity.

kilogram weight

The standard unit for volume is the _______,

liter

What are the SI units for mass, length, temperature.

mass- grams length- meters temperature- Kelvin

For this, biologists use ______________, of which there are several different kinds. Generally, a small sample is taken from the larger experiment and either placed on a ________ _____ or in a ______ _______. In this way, you can put the smaller sample under the microscope for examination, which is especially helpful for very small objects that can't be seen with the human eye.

microscopes microscopes slide petri dish

___________ measures consistency of scores across time or different contexts.

reliability

The most common way to measure length is with a __________.

ruler.

magine the first teacher calls a friend in a different school and tells that friend about the results. Then, the second teacher does the same study on a different set of children in a different school. If both teachers get the same results, then we can say that the results are reliable across ___________ or across groups of people who are participating in the study.

samples

You may also use______ _______ in your biology lab experiments. These are quite useful because they can hold liquids for observation as well as for running reactions. Most of the time, test tubes will be held in a _______ ______ _______, which is handy if you have many test tubes, but like most humans, only have two hands!

test tubes test tube holde

Validity in data collection means .....

that your findings truly represent the phenomenon you are claiming to measure.

Where would you look to take volume reading of a liquid in a graduated cylinder?

the bottom of the Meniscus

________ is uded to measure temperature.

thermometer

The first type of research reliability is whether the results are reliable across _______; that is, if the same researcher would get the ______ results if he or she did the same study at a different ______.

time same time

_________ the period between events, or how long something lasted. The SI unit for time is ________. Other units for time include hours, months, and days.

time seconds

List the types of research reliability 1 2

time sample

______ _________ _______ works like a double pan balance, but instead of having a pan on each side of the balance, there is a pan on one side, and three beams, each with sliding weights, called _______ on the other.

triple beam balance riders

________ _________ to measure long distances, just roll the ___ ___ on the ground, and every time you walk a meter, the wheel makes clicking sound.

trundle wheel

________ measures if the results of a given study are accurate, true for different kinds of people and relevant to the real world.

validity

A __________ __________ has only one graduation (measurement line) and is used to get that exact volume of liquid.

volumetric pipette

Which of the following is the number that appears in the middle of the data? Mode. Median. Central Tendency. Mean. Skew.

Median.

Which of the following is the number that appears most often? Median. Mode. Skew. Central Tendency. Mean.

Mode.

_______ _______ refers to whether the results have meaning in the real lives of everyday people.

...Ecological validity

has a base unit or standard unit for every type of measurement

SI System

From the following data, what is the mode, mean and median? 1, 3, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 9, 10, 10, 10 10, 6, 6.5 6.5, 10, 6 5.5, 6.5, 6 6, 6.5, 10 10, 6.5, 6

10, 6.5, 6

One liter is about the same as _____ ounces, but again, not quite. A more accurate conversion is 33.81 ounces in each liter, or about _____ cups.

33 ounces 4cups

About how much is one liter? 8 cups 2 kilograms 4 quarts 64 ounces 4 cups

4 cups

Convert 50 centimeters to kilometers.

50 cm= 0.00050km

What tool would you use to measure the height of your dog?

A meter stick

What is central tendency? A way of summarizing some data with a series of numbers. A way of summarizing some data with a single number. None of the other answers are correct. A way of summarizing some data with three numbers. A way of avoiding collecting data.

A way of summarizing some data with a single number.

__________ __________(_____ _______) of units based on the metric system and units derived from the metric system

International System

Why does rounding cause problems in the lab? It can lead to overly precise measurements. It results in too many decimal points. It requires a conversion for each calculation. It is always best to work with whole numbers. It can lead to major errors in calculations.

It can lead to major errors in calculations.

Which of the following is the number that you get when you add all the data up and divide by how many numbers there are? Mean. Mode. Skew. Median. Central Tendency.

Mean

________________ are the instruments we use to measure an object or substance's temperature in °C.

Thermometers

How do you find the volume of a rectangular volume.

V=lxwxh

And each time you convert, you lose some __________ in your measurement because you probably round the numbers a little as well.

accuracy

density

amount of matter in a volume

A ________ _________ is a way of summarizing some data with a single number. In real life, the word 'average' is most commonly used.

central tendency

What is the easiest tool used to measure mass?

electronic balance

In addition to protective eyewear and gloves (which you should use any time you are working in the lab), you will probably be using _________, ___________, and _________ ________. Each of these pieces of equipment will help you cut open your sample properly so that you can investigate what's inside. Additionally, you may also use________ to help hold your specimen open.

forceps, scalpels, and dissecting scissors pins

What are the three Central Tendency 1 2 3

mean.median, mode

_____________ like a ruler, except it is 1 meter long (100cm). It is a bit longer than a ___________ stick

meterstick yardstick

. Collecting and analyzing data requires accurate and understandable measurements, so in order to ensure the best data collection possible, we use a standard set of units called the ________ __________.

metric system

The measure or assessment of consistency of scores across time or different contexts is called _____. face validity external validity internal validity ecological validity reliability

reliability

median

which is the number right in the middle of the list of data.