Chapter 1: Main Themes of Microbiology

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?

10 billion

Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 Billion years

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed single-lens microscopes that could magnify a specimen up to how many times?

300

When people travel disease can spread. Which is the current mode of travel that is likely to be a big factor in the next pandemic?

Airplane

Which photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments?

Algae

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?

Algae Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa

Who developed the first single-lens microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Who was the first to use a single-lens microscope and observe "animalcules" in collected rainwater and in the plaque scraped from teeth?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following are prokaryotic microorganisms?

Archaea Bacteria

Which microbes do not have a true nucleus?

Bacteria

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called

Bacteriology

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?

Bacteriology

Which of the following processes is the decomposition of harmful chemicals by microbes?

Bioremediation

Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito?

Dengue Zika Chikungunya

Which of the following diseases have emerged due to human encroaching into new territory and wild habitats?

Ebola fever Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Lyme disease

A(n) ____________ disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is becoming more prominent.

Emerging

Which cell type is generally larger in size?

Eukaryotic cells

Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: ____________ cells contain organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in __________________ cells.

Eukaryotic; Prokaryotic

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?

Free-living organism

_____________ are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Fungi

What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products?

Genetic engineering

Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter

The term ____________ refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.

Helminth

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?

Helminths

Which of the following microorganisms are made up of eukaryotic cells?

Helminths Protozoans Fungi

Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce?

Host

_______________ diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.

Infectious

Which describes a good hypothesis?

It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

___________________ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Microbiology

What is a helminth?

Parasitic Worm

Microbiology has many branches of study, including _________________ which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects..

Parasitology

_________________ is the study simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae.

Phycology

Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated?

Polio

Mad cow disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease are caused by which of the following?

Prions

Which type of cell does not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus?

Prokaryotic

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic

Which microbe(s) have a true nucleus? Archaea Virus Prion Protists Yeast

Protists Yeast

____________ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

Protoza

_____________________ are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

Protozoa

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following?

Protozoa Helminths Fungi Viruses Bacteria

_________ is the study of protozoa.

Protozoology

____________ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

Recombinant

A disease that has been known for hundreds of years and that is increasing in occurrence is known as which type of disease?

Reemerging

Tuberculosis, influenza and malaria are older diseases that have been known for a long time, but they are now increasing in occurrence; diseases with this pattern of occurrence are specifically referred to as ___________ diseases.

Reemerging

Which of the following human diseases has been eradicated?

Smallpox

MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

The development of the microscope

True or false: Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.

True

Which term is not used to describe microscopic organisms?

Vertebrates

________ is the study of viruses.

Virology

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Viruses

Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own?

Viruses

A ______ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

biofilm

Certain microbes can break down heavy metals and pesticides contaminating soils by a process called ____________

bioremediation

______ diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent.

emerging

___________ reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.

inductive

A(n) _____________ is any small, membrane-bound component found inside of an eukaryotic cell.

organelle

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) _________________ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

parasite

A(n)__________ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

pathogen

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n) "___________________".

superbug

A scientific ___________ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.

theory

Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology?

Bacteriology Virology Mycology

_________________ is the study of fungi.

Mycology

Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

Parasite

In the deductive process, the statement "If the ______ is valid, then certain specific ______ can be expected to occur."

hypothesis/events

The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe?

viruses