Chapter 1 Mastering Biology

The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as experimental science. quantitative science. discovery science. qualitative science. hypothesis-based science.

discovery science.

A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a community. ecosystem. biosystem. population. family.

population

Discovery science has contributed much to our understanding of nature without most of the steps of the so-called scientific method. True False

True

Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA? DNA is the unit of inheritance that is transmitted from parent to offspring. Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information. All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus. Every cell is enclosed by a membrane. Each chromosome has one very long DNA molecule with hundreds or thousands of genes.

All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? Eukarya and Monera Bacteria and Archaea Bacteria and Eukarya Archaea and Monera Bacteria and Protista

Bacteria and Archaea

Discovery science uses inductive reasoning to derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations. True False

True

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science? Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers. Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing. Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests.

Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.

Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science? If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results. If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis. If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.

If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? The control group provides a reserve of experimental subjects. A control group assures that an experiment will be repeatable. A control group is required for the development of an "if, then" statement. The control group is the group that the researcher is in control of; it is the group in which the researcher predetermines the nature of the results. Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor.

Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor.

All the organisms on your campus make up a taxonomic domain. an experimental group. an ecosystem. a population. a community.

a community.

What is a hypothesis? the same thing as an unproven theory a fact based on quantitative data that is falsifiable a verifiable observation sensed directly, or sensed indirectly with the aid of scientific instrumentation a fact based on qualitative data that is testable a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable

a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable

Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same kingdom. phylum. class. order. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? evolutionary adaptations energy processing responding to the environment growth and reproduction all of the above

all of the above

Species that are in the same __________ are more closely related than species that are only in the same __________. family; genus class; order kingdom; phylum family; order phylum; class

family; order

Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive? phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, species class, order, kingdom, phylum, family, genus, species kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism

molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere

Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology? emergent properties structure and function interaction with the environment evolution reductionism

reductionism

Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? results in descent with modification requires genetic variation involves differential reproductive success results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success

requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? a cell wall made of cellulose ribosomes a membrane-bounded nucleus flagella or cilia that contain microtubules linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

ribosomes

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? evolution taxonomy schematic biology informatics genomics

taxonomy

Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms? emergent properties descent with modification the structure and function of DNA natural selection matching DNA nucleotide sequences

the structure and function of DNA

A controlled experiment is one in which there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment. the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data. there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables. the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate. there is one group for which the scientist controls all variables.

there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.