Chapter 1 Mastering Micro Homework

Jenner's work with vaccinations depended on which of the following?

Trusting that the body produced agents that effectively overcame a disease-causing microbe

All of the following are examples of biotechnology EXCEPT __________.

bacteria that cause disease

All living organisms can be classified into three domains: __________.

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

Arsenic is a relatively common hazardous waste generated by smelting processes and can contaminate soil and water surrounding smelting facilities. A bioprocess using naturally occurring bacteria to remove arsenic has been developed. This process is an example of __________.

bioremediation

Which of the following properties are true of both bacteria and viruses?

both use a molecule of nucleic acid to determine heredity

Only a small percentage of microbes __________.

cause disease

Robert Koch's studies on Bacillus anthracis established a sequence of experimental steps to prove that microbes __________.

cause disease

All of the following describe a major feature used to classify organisms into to three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya) EXCEPT __________.

presence or absence of DNA

Which of the following properties are true of both bacteria and archaea?

prokaryotes

Mad cow disease is caused by a prion, which is an infectious __________.

protein

Which of the following is true of scientific names assigned to living organisms?

the scientific name is always underlined or italicized

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?

their cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Which one of the following is an example of bioremediation?

use of Pseudomonas to remove uranium from soil at weapons depots

Which of the following best describes gene therapy?

use of a harmless virus to insert a gene in a host cell

Which of the following fields of study and its example are NOT correctly matched? A. Parasitology -- study of HIV B. Mycology -- study of athletes foot C. Immunology -- study of vaccines D. Bacteriology -- study of E. coli

A. Parasitology—study of HIV

Which of the following are correctly matched? A. Erhlich -- vaccinations B. Koch -- microscopy C. Fleming -- antimicrobials D. Pasteur -- antisepsis

C

Qualifiers of Biogenesis:

Life can arise as a result of microorganisms present in nonliving matter; Living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells; Microorganisms present in nonliving matter can lead to new microorganisms

Qualifiers of Spontaneous generation:

Life can arise spontaneously from nonliving matter; Vital forces in nonliving matter can lead to new life; Living cells can arise from nonliving matter under favorable conditions

Which of the following names is incorrectly matched with their discovery? A. Beijerinck and Winogradsky— Gene therapy B. Lancefield — Classification of streptococci C. Watson and Crick —Structure and replication of DNA D. Avery, MacLeod, McCarthy—DNA was the hereditary material E. Lederberg and Tatum —Transfer of genetic material via conjugation

A

Which of the following types of microorganism and its description are NOT correctly matched? A. Helminths -- multicellular animals B. Protozoa -- small animals C. Bacteria -- prokaryotic D. Fungi -- eukaryotic

B

__________ is the study of protozoa.

Parasitology

Which of the following were instrumental in DISPROVING spontaneous generation?

Pasteur's experiments using a specialized swan-necked flask that prevented microbes from entering flasks open to the air.

For which of the following can Koch's postulates be used to identify the organism causing the disease?

Streptococcus pyogenes, the organism that causes strep throat, which can be cultured on blood agar in the laboratory

Which of the following is characteristic of bacteria?

bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus

Koch's postulates are the essential found for what?

The steps that relate a specific microbe to a specific disease (etiology)

The cell theory states that __________ are made up of cells.

all living things

In Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment, the importance of the S-shaped curves in the flasks was twofold. The curves allowed entry of air but excluded...

airborne microorganisms

Biofilms are commonly found in which of the following environments? medical devices, a rock in a lake, water pipes, teeth, or all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following processes are beneficial activities of microorganisms? producing foods and chemicals, decomposing sewage, recycling elements in the environment, all of the above

all of the above

Microbes are NOT responsible for __________.

antibody production

A new microorganism has been isolated from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. It consists of single cells, which appear to lack a nucleus. Chemical analysis shows the presence of both DNA and RNA in the cytoplasm and peptidoglycan in the cell wall. In which of the following groups will this organism be classified?

bacteria

All of the following are eukaryotes EXCEPT __________. bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, helminths

bacteria

Which of the following is true of biofilms?

complex aggregation of microbes

An exposure to __________ protects against infection with smallpox.

cowpox

Aseptic technique is a standard lab practice that includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.

elimination of all oxygen during any processes to prevent contamination

Increased human exposure to new and unusual infectious agents in areas that are undergoing ecologic changes accounts for the __________.

emergence of new infectious diseases

In the scientific name Escherichia coli, Escherichia is the __________.

genus name

Pasteur discovered that microbes can cause food spoilage. His solution to protect wine from spoiling was a process called pasteurization, which is based on what principle?

heating beer and wine just enough to kill those organisms causing the spoilage

Ehrlich searched for a/an __________ that would destroy a pathogen without harming the infected host.

magic bullet

Which of the following is NOT an Emerging Infectious Disease?

measles

Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek helped to create the basis of the cell theory by __________.

observing and documenting cells, and using microscopes to visualize the invisible structure of living things

Algae are __________.

photosynthetic and eukaryotes

Placing the DNA from an animal cell into the genome of a bacterium will allow the bacterium to produce an animal product. This new piece of DNA is referred to as __________.

recombinant DNA

Which is NOT a characteristic of the normal microbiota?

regularly associated with disease symptoms

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics has __________.

selected for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria and increased their frequency in both the hospital environment and the community

Pasteurization was first developed to kill __________ in wine.

spoilage bacteria

How would you recognize an antibiotic-producing soil bacterium on a plate crowded with other bacteria? The bacterial colony producing the antibiotic would be __________.

surrounded by a clear area

The usefulness of antibiotics is hampered by __________.

the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Why are viruses not classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

they need a host to survive, thus are not considered alive

All of the following factors contribute to the threat of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) EXCEPT __________.

vaccinations against various types of childhood diseases