Chapter 1

15) A ________ is an image or abstract idea specifically invented for a given research and/or theory-building project. A) variable B) construct C) concept D) theory E) model

B) construct

33) A variable that is assumed or excluded from a research study is a(n) ________ variable. A) criterion B) predictor C) mediator D) moderating E) extraneous

E) extraneous

13) ________ is the process by which we test whether a hypothesis is capable of explaining a fact. A) Deduction B) Induction C) Exposition D) Empiricism E) Curiosity

A) Deduction

31) Which variable listed below is the variable measured, predicted, or otherwise monitored and expected to be affected by manipulation of another variable? A) Dependent B) Moderator C) Independent D) Predictor E) Extraneous

A) Dependent

9) ________ is a form of reasoning that draws a conclusion from one or more particular facts or pieces of evidence. A) Induction B) Deduction C) Empiricism D) Logic E) Association

A) Induction

7) Which of the following is a requirement for a deduction to be considered correct? A) Validity B) Reliability C) Inference D) Empiricism E) Conclusiveness

A) Validity

2) Business research ________ while data analytics ________. A) collects data to resolve a current dilemma; analyzes historical data. B) uses larger amounts of data; uses smaller amounts of data C) draws data from external and internal sources; draws data from internal data warehouses D) is referred to as big data; is referred to as small data

A) collects data to resolve a current dilemma; analyzes historical data.

18) Concepts are more ________, while constructs are more ________. A) concrete; abstract B) abstract; concrete C) intangible; tangible D) conceptual; factual E) intuitive; logical

A) concrete; abstract

19) Jack observes the history of his neighbor's purchase of new automobiles. His neighbor purchases a new car every year and always seems to have a nicer model than the year before. Jack thinks the dealership must appeal to his neighbor's fascination with new car styles. In this example, interest in new car styles is a ________. A) construct B) fact C) concept D) theory E) model

A) construct

20) Bill often feels insecure about how others view him. To increase his feelings of self-esteem, Bill often buys expensive, luxury items. Self-esteem is an example of a ________. A) construct B) fact C) concept D) theory E) model

A) construct

45) Data blending requires A) drawing data from separate data files to create a new data file that can be analyzed. B) removing identical data from multiple data files so the data exists in only one data file. C) analyzing separate data files and identifying conclusions that exist in all those files analyzed. D) merging all data files into one massive data file that can be analyzed. E) None of the above, as they do not describe data blending.

A) drawing data from separate data files to create a new data file that can be analyzed.

29) Rachel is interested in learning the effect of using a celebrity endorsement on sales. The presence or absence of a celebrity endorsement is the ________ variable. A) independent B) dependent C) mediating D) criterion E) continuous

A) independent

11) Consider the following example: "Retail sales increases in the 2018 holiday season were below projections. Sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth." This is an example of a(n) ________. A) inductive argument B) deductive argument C) empirical argument D) fact E) premise

A) inductive argument

42) The role of a model is to ________ while a theory's role is to ________. A) represent; explain B) explain; represent C) propose; prove D) describe; predict E) examine; experiment

A) represent; explain

39) Which of the following is not one of the conditions necessary for a hypothesis to be considered strong? A) Adequate for its purpose B) Addresses the presence of extraneous variables C) Testable D) Better than rival hypotheses E) All of these are necessary conditions.

B) Addresses the presence of extraneous variables

43) Which type of variable is ignored (not measured) as it is believed its effect on the independent variable is randomized? A) Confounding B) Control C) Dependent D) Independent

B) Control

28) Which of the following is another term for dependent variable? A) Discrete B) Criterion C) Mediator D) Predictor E) Construct

B) Criterion

5) ________ is a form of argument that purports to be conclusive; the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given. A) Induction B) Deduction C) Logic D) Philosophy E) Exposition

B) Deduction

6) Which form of argument presents a conclusion based on reasons or proof? A) Induction B) Deduction C) Logic D) Philosophy E) Exposition

B) Deduction

12) ________ occurs when we observe a fact and ask, "Why is this?" A) Deduction B) Induction C) Exposition D) Empiricism E) Curiosity

B) Induction

17) Abstract concepts such as personality, need for variety, and materialism are often called ________. A) variables B) constructs C) concepts D) theories E) models

B) constructs

34) In the Southeast, the potato chip market share held by the Lays brand is 46 percent. This is an example of a(n) ________. A) research question B) descriptive hypothesis C) relational hypothesis D) explanatory hypothesis E) correlational hypothesis

B) descriptive hypothesis

46) A conceptual scheme A) identifies all concepts/constructs of interest to a research question. B) identifies the hypothesized relationships of all concepts/constructs of interest to a research question. C) provides a spatial relationship of all concepts/constructs of interest to a research question. D) identifies key concepts/constructs that must be measured to answer a research question. E) Does none of the above.

B) identifies the hypothesized relationships of all concepts/constructs of interest to a research question.

10) Because of the nature of induction, the conclusion can be thought of as ________. A) fact B) one explanation among many C) proof D) evidence E) empirical

B) one explanation among many

24) A(n) ________ defines a variable in terms of specific measurement and testing criteria. A) hypothetical construct B) operational definition C) dictionary definition D) conceptual scheme E) moderating variable

B) operational definition

1) Direct observation of phenomena, empirically testable hypotheses, and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses are all essential tenets of the ________. A) experiential method B) scientific method C) intuitive process D) strategic management process E) account planning philosophy

B) scientific method

3) Business research ________ while data analytics ________. A) analyzes historical data; collects data to resolve a current dilemma B) uses smaller amounts of data; uses larger amounts of data C) draws data from external and internal sources; draws data from internal data warehouses D) is referred to as big data; is referred to as small data

B) uses smaller amounts of data; uses larger amounts of data

37) Which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis? A) Young women purchase fewer meats than women who are 35 years of age or older. B) Sales of vegetarian foods vary by season. C) An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income spent on housing. D) Real estate investment trusts (REITs) experienced a record level of profitability in 2004. E) People in the South tend to rate the President more favorably than do people in the North.

C) An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income spent on housing.

14) Which term below refers to a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete, unambiguous events, objects, conditions, or situations? A) Variable B) Construct C) Concept D) Theory E) Model

C) Concept

25) Which term below refers to an event, act, characteristic, trait, or attribute that can be measured and to which we assign categorical values? A) Construct B) Concept C) Variable D) Schema E) Model

C) Variable

21) A(n) ________ describes the interrelationships between concepts and constructs. A) hypothetical construct B) hypothesis C) conceptual scheme D) operational definition E) inductive argument

C) conceptual scheme

35) Potato chip sales vary directly with the level of television viewing. This is an example of a ________. A) research question B) descriptive hypothesis C) correlational hypothesis D) causal hypothesis E) dichotomous hypothesis

C) correlational hypothesis

23) To be categorized as a customer, an individual must have a history of shopping at the establishment at least twice prior to the start of the study with expenditures of more than $10. This is an example of a(n) ________. A) hypothetical construct B) conceptual scheme C) operational definition D) dictionary definition E) mediating variable

C) operational definition

40) A ________ is a set of systematically interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that are advanced to explain or predict phenomena. A) conceptual scheme B) hypothesis C) theory D) diagram E) factual schema

C) theory

26) Which of the following cannot be thought of as variables? A) Events B) Acts C) Characteristics D) People E) All of the above can be thought of as variables.

D) People

27) Which of the following is another term for independent variable? A) Discrete B) Criterion C) Moderator D) Predictor E) Construct

D) Predictor

30) Which variable listed below is the variable manipulated by the researcher, thereby causing an effect on another variable? A) Criterion B) Mediator C) Dependent D) Predictor E) Moderator

D) Predictor

36) An increase in hours of television viewing leads to increases in the sales of snack foods. This is an example of a_____. A) research question B) descriptive hypothesis C) correlational hypothesis D) causal hypothesis E) dichotomous hypothesis

D) causal hypothesis

8) Consider the following statements: "Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive. This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing. The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive." This is an example of a(n) ________. A) empirical argument B) inductive argument C) exposition D) deductive argument E) hypothesis

D) deductive argument

22) A chair is defined as a seat, and a seat is defined as an object for sitting, a chair. This is an example of a(n) ________. A) hypothetical construct B) conceptual scheme C) operational definition D) dictionary definition E) mediating variable

D) dictionary definition

4) Business research ________ while data analytics ________. A) analyzes historical data; collects data to resolve a current dilemma B) uses larger amounts of data; uses smaller amounts of data C) draws data from external and internal sources; draws data from internal data warehouses D) is referred to as small data; is referred to as big data

D) is referred to as small data; is referred to as big data

32) Variables that are included because they are believed to have a significant contributory or contingent effect on the independent variable-dependent variable relationship are called ________ variables. A) criterion B) predictor C) mediator D) moderating E) extraneous

D) moderating

16) An automobile is a(n) ________ concept, while service quality is a(n) ________ concept. A) abstract; objective B) subjective; objective C) intangible; tangible D) objective; abstract E) factual; perceptual

D) objective; abstract

44) Which of the following is not a condition of sound reasoning? A) Defining the management dilemma B) Identifying correct premises C) Testing connections between facts and assumptions D) Making claims based on adequate evidence E) All of the above are conditions for sound reasoning.

E) All of the above are conditions for sound reasoning

41) Which term listed below refers to a representation of a system constructed to study some aspect of that system or the system as a whole? A) Conceptual scheme B) Hypothesis C) Theory D) Diagram E) Model

E) Model

38) Which of the following is a correlational hypothesis? A) A decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies leads to an increase in exports. B) Education on the process of preparing meat for consumption leads to a decrease in the consumption of hamburgers. C) An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income spent on housing. D) Low interest rates resulted in a record year for real estate investment trusts (REITs) as individuals invested in real estate rather than other forms of investment. E) People in the South tend to rate the President more favorably than do people in the North.

E) People in the South tend to rate the President more favorably than do people in the North.