Chapter 1 Nutrition Study Guide

Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods.

* Provide more kcalories *Contain fewer nutrients *Be higher in fat, sugar, or salt

The energy currency of living systems is called

ATP

When evaluating a nutritional study, which is the least important factor?

How many researchers were involved in the study

Where do most people in the U.S. get their nutrition information?

Mass media, i.e., television, magazines and newspapers

Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect food choices?

Weather

A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is:

a phytochemical.

The forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule or a compound are

chemical bonds

One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" refers to:

choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups.

Energy can be

converted from one form to another

In a controlled study, if neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment, the study is called a(n)

double blind study.

Cells contain organelles that support life. All of the following are organelles except

phospholipid

What is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory?

A hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning.

Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements?

A pamphlet published by the health food store

Which of the following describes a hypothesis?

An educated guess made to explain an observation.

Which of the following is a common source of anecdotal evidence?

Testimony of individuals

Nutrients are classified according to their chemical properties. What are the six classes of nutrients? Which are macronutrients? Which are micronutrients?

The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamins, minerals and water. The macronutrients are carbohydrate, lipid, protein and water. The micronutrients are vitamins and minerals.

Comparison of the amount of a particular nutrient consumed with the amount of the nutrient excreted is characteristic of a(an):

balance study.

The heart and blood vessels are known collectively as the

cardiovascular system.

A Big Mac from McDonalds contains 28 grams of fat, 25 grams of protein, 47 grams of carbohydrate, and 80 mg of cholesterol. How many kcalories are in the Big Mac?

fat kcalories 28 X 9= 252 protein kcalories 25 X 4= 100 carbohydrate kcalories 47 X 4=188 Total 540 kCalories Note: cholesterol does not provide calories

One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of a(an):

intervention study.

The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is:

make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory.

Researchers are interested in whether caffeine has any effect on short-term memory. A study is designed in which two groups of subjects are given capsules that look identical. Group A receives capsules containing caffeine and Group B receives capsules containing powdered sugar. Group B is being given a:

placebo