Chapter 1 past and present

An otherwise "normal" person under the influence of hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these "abnormal" behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality? A) Psychogenic B) Somatogenic C) Parthenogenic D) Schizophrenogenic

A) Psychogenic

The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports which type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? A) Somatogenic B) Psychogenic C) Moral D) Deterministic

A) Somatogenic

Which statement is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current state of abnormal psychology in the United States? A) There is no single definition of abnormality, no single theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment. B) We do know what mental illness is, but we do not understand what causes it or the best way to treat it. C) We have not advanced much beyond the demonology era. D) Today, we understand what causes mental illness and how best to treat it; we can also define it.

A) There is no single definition of abnormality, no single theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment.

A researcher spends 15 hours or more each day conducting experiments or doing library reading and recording observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country but doesn't interfere with others' lives. The BEST description of the researcher's behavior is that it is: A) eccentric. B) abnormal. C) dangerous. D) dysfunctiona

A) eccentric.

A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that "evil spirits" will be driven from the person's body. This form of "therapy" is called: A) exorcism. B) shaman. C) couvade. D) trephination.

A) exorcism.

The ancient Greeks might find that a flash mob is MOST similar to: A) mass madness. B) melancholia. C) trephination. D) general paresis.

A) mass madness.

Toward the end of the Middle Ages, cities began to flourish. How did this help foster a shift away from demonology? A) City officials made it illegal to teach demonology. B) Government officials took over care for the mentally ill. C) Government officials began to treat the mentally ill as criminals. D) The mentally ill were run out of cities and left to take care of themselves.

B) Government officials took over care for the mentally ill.

Which depressed person would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder, because of the specific circumstances present? A) Someone whose mother was depressed B) Someone whose community was recently destroyed by a hurricane C) Someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance D) Someone who also had an alcohol use disorder

B) Someone whose community was recently destroyed by a hurricane

. Parity laws for insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate that: A) physicians and psychologists must have the same level of education. B) coverage for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed equally. C) the number of sessions allowed for treatment of mental and physical treatment must be equal. D) patients must be allowed to choose the therapist they want for treatment.

B) coverage for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed equally.

People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be _____ than they were 50 years ago. A) medicated with psychotropic drugs B) hospitalized in mental institutions C) homeless or in prison D) treated in outpatient facilities

B) hospitalized in mental institutions

In the United States today, one is MOST likely to find a severely ill mental patient: A) in a mental hospital. B) on the street or in jail. C) receiving drug counseling in a shelter. D) in private therapy paid for by the state.

B) on the street or in jail.

Problems with marital, family, peer, work, school, or community relationships would be MOST similar to: A) the sorts of problems Freud treated. B) other problems in living. C) problems treated in specialized treatment centers. D) other problems treated with antipsychotics.

B) other problems in living.

A positive psychologist would MOST likely focus on: A) identifying the underlying biological cause of mental illness. B) teaching coping skills that can be used to manage stress. C) identifying the unconscious internal processes driving behavior. D) using biofeedback to control physiological responses to stressors.

B) teaching coping skills that can be used to manage stress.

A person who is having suicidal thoughts and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality? A) Deviance B) Distress C) Danger D) Dysfunction

C) Danger

Arvind is feeling overwhelmed at work and has been having anxiety episodes for a few weeks. Acting on the advice of a friend, Arvind takes a vacation and feel less distress. Is this an example of therapy? A) Yes, a person in distress took action and felt relief. B) Yes, a person sought relief, obtained advice, and acted upon that advice. C) No, there is no trained healer in this scenario. D) No, the sufferer felt some relief but there is no mention of the episodes resolving the problem permanently.

C) No, there is no trained healer in this scenario.

Which statement is TRUE about the participation of women in the mental health professions? A) There are more female psychiatrists than female counselors. B) Women, as a group, prefer working in clinical settings. C) The profession with the highest percentage of women is social work. D) Female psychologists earn more than male psychologists.

C) The profession with the highest percentage of women is social work.

A person receiving multicultural therapy could expect all of these effects EXCEPT: A) greater sensitivity to cultural issues in therapy. B) a focus on the uniqueness of the issues faced. C) a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems. D) sensitivity to the traditions of that person's particular culture.

C) a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems.

An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is: A) disturbed. B) deviant. C) dysfunctional. D) dangerous.

C) dysfunctional.

Someone who studies the history of the field of abnormal psychology MOST likely would compare our current understanding of abnormal behavior to a book that: A) hasn't been written yet. B) has received a title but no text. C) is in the process of being written. D) is completed and needs only to be read to be understood.

C) is in the process of being written.

Which of these individuals would be MOST likely to be classified as exhibiting abnormal behavior? A) A person who experiences grief immediately after losing her job and then her house B) A person who is nervous about shopping alone for weeks after being attacked by a mugger C) A person who always washes his hands immediately after returning home from grocery shopping D) A person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

D) A person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

Which statement BEST describes the role of religion with regard to treatment of mental illness? A) Those who are religious reject nonspiritual means of treatment. B) Religious institutions were among the first to provide treatment for the mentally ill. C) Clergy have consistently advocated against scientific explanations for mental illness. D) Those who devoutly adhere to their religion believe in supernatural causes of mental illness.

D) Those who devoutly adhere to their religion believe in supernatural causes of mental illness.

Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication, it would likely be a(n): A) stimulant drug. B) antianxiety drug. C) antipsychotic drug. D) antidepressant drug.

D) antidepressant drug.

For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a: A) community center. B) spa and retreat center. C) counselor's office. D) hospital.

D) hospital.

The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: A) prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased. B) fewer and fewer people were being sent to mental hospitals. C) all patients needing treatment had to be helped. D) hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

D) hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

Luther experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition: A) mania. B) hysteria. C) delusions. D) melancholia.

D) melancholia.

If a university had a first-year program designed to ease the transition from high school to college and to decrease the dropout rates, that program would have elements MOST similar to: A) mental health prevention programs. B) positive psychology programs. C) deinstitutionalization programs. D) outpatient therapy.

D) outpatient therapy.

Eugenics had as its goal sterilization of people with mental disorders, a policy based on the idea that mentally ill people: A) could not provide a good environment for their children. B) were mentally defective (that is, developmentally delayed). C) reproduced at a rate higher than that of the general population. D) should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes.

D) should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes.