Chapter 1 Quiz
A case study involving a person with 53 different personalities, although valuable in some ways, is unlikely to be ____.
generalizable
Psychologists attempt to understand behavior and mental processes by ____.
using the scientific method
Dr. Townsend wants to test the hypothesis that being tall for your age predicts that you will be shy. Which of the following types of research would Dr. Townsend be least likely to use?
An experiment
Which statement is TRUE regarding the independent variable in an experiment?
It is the variable that the experimenter manipulates
After pairing the sound of a bell with giving meat powder, Pavlov noticed that his dogs salivated ____.
before he gave the meat powder, when he rang the bell
What school of psychology arose in the United States in the 1920s and is associated with the idea that, in order to be a true science, psychology had to move away from the study of the mind?
behaviorism
Dr. Ali is a psychologist who believes that psychology should not attempt to understand the mind, but rather focus on understanding the observable actions that people and animals engage in. Dr. Ali's point of view is most compatible with the approach to psychology known as ____.
behaviorism
Problematic variables that can lead to alternative explanations for the results of a study are called ____ variables.
confounding
Causal hypotheses can only be tested when the researcher has the ability to ____ the main variables of the study.
control or manipulate
Which area of study is one of the American Psychological Association's foundational areas of contemporary psychology?
developmental and social psychology
Most psychologists take an eclectic approach in terms of the perspectives of psychology they use to explain behavior and mental processes. This means that they ____.
integrate several perspectives
Edward Titchener is most associated with ____.
introspection
The point of an experiment is to ____.
manipulate one variable to see its effect on another variable
The first female president of the American Psychological Association was ____.
mary calkins
Like Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized ____.
mental processes
Reactivity presents the biggest problem in ____.
naturalistic observations
Consider an experiment in which participants watch various types of TV programming and are then observed while playing a physical game to determine the number of aggressive acts they commit. In this example, the dependent variable would be the ____.
number of aggressive acts observed
Behaviorism emphasizes the study of ____.
observable actions
When may research participants withdraw from a study?
participants may withdraw at any time in a study
Which perspective emphasizes human strengths and how humans attain happiness?
positive psychology
Dr. Haupt has discovered that often, abusive parents themselves had parents who used harsh physical punishment on them. Having discovered this will most likely allow Dr. Haupt to fulfill which goal of psychology?
predicting behavior
Susanne is a psychologist who studies love and romantic attraction. She is most likely a ____ psychologist.
social
LaDonna is a researcher who studies the behavior of rats. LaDonna ____.
still has to follow the ethical guidelines set forth by the APA and federal government
Wundt attempted to detail the ____.
structure of our mental experiences
As opposed to educational psychologists, school psychologists are more likely to ____.
test and assess student abilities