Chapter 1 Quiz: Psychology As a Science
What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
"Focus on observable behavior."
You read online that people who make more money are also healthier. Your friends says, "i guess money can even buy you good health now." You respond with:
"Just because those variables are correlated doesn't mean that one caused the other"
_____________ is an experiment which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control groups until after the results are tallied.
Double-Blind Study
A researcher wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. Some participants are given two bars of chocolate to eat, and some are given no chocolate at all, and then all of the participants are tested for nervousness an hour later. In this experiment, the participants who eat the chocolate are in the ______ group, while the participants that did not eat any chocolate are in the __________ group.
Experimental; Control
Which early movement of psychology investigated how our minds help us adapt to the world around us?
Functionalism
As a psychology student had to use the steps of scientific method for a class project. He first decided to study the effect of age on clothing choices. he then formulated a hypothesis that older people would prefer ore conservative clothing than younger people. Where did he go wrong?
He did not conduct background research before developing his hypothesis
You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as "free will" and "Self-Actualization." Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?
Humanism
If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the ______ perspective.
Sociocultural
All of the following variables would likely be negatively correlated except for_________
calories consumed and weight gained
Dr. Sardonicus wants to know whether or not the first three years of life are critical for acquiring language. She decides to study a child who was tragically deprived of human language by her parents. This type of research is called a(n):
case study
Correlations do not show________.
causal relationships
Which of the following is an example of critical thinking?
considered alternative explanations for a study's results
Dr. Wiseman wants to know about the alcohol consumption patterns among college juniors in the US. He should______.
draw a representative sample among college juniors
Testing a hypothesis is the ______ step in a scientific investigation.
fourth
Independent variable is to dependent variable as __________
manipulate is to measure
A research hypothesis proposes that consuming a low carbohydrate diet results in increased weight loss. One group of participants follows a low carb diet for 3 weeks, whereas a second group follows a high-carb diet containing the same number of calories for 3 weeks. The average number of pounds lost for each group is then compared. What is the dependent variable?
number of pounds lost
Jana conducts a study in which she calls participants and asks them questions about their opinions. She is conducting a:
survery
Evolutionary Psychology might suggest that certain cognitive strategies and goals are built into the brain because ______.
they help humans adapt to their natural environment
________ occurs in situations where a research participant's behavior is different than normal because the participant is being observed.
Reactivity
Ashley is using the scientific method to test whether male children are more violent than female children. What will she most likely do first?
Research previous scientific studies about children, gender roles, and violence.
___________ Psychologists interview patients, give diagnostic tests, provide psychotherapy, and design and implement behavioral modification programs
Clinical
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?
-0.75
Which of the following is NOT an example of applied psychology?
A health psychologist researches a potential link between depression and brain tumors.
Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle for psychological research?
Avoid any deception
A large automobile company says that the cars the company makes are the safest in the world. You have driven on these vehicles for a week and have not had any accidents or problems. Therefore, you believe the company's claim about safety. This error in critical thinking is related to which of the following steps?
Avoid using emotions or personal experiences when evaluating a claim
Which of the following is a limitation of a case study?
It is difficult to generalize to other people or situations based on a case study.
Dr. Littleman-Smith is conducting research in Kenya into ways that mothers and their toddlers interact throughout the day. Given the purpose of her study, she most likely is engaged in.....
Naturalistic observation
Sam conducted a naturalistic observation as a project for her psychology class. He observed the interactions of parents and children at a restaurant. He believes many parents spoil their children in today's society. He observed many parents allowing children to getaway with bad behavior such as being rude to wait staff. When Sam described his work to his teacher, she suggested he find out more about the.....
Observer effect
Researchers designed an experiment that tested the impact of drinking alcohol on test-taking abilities. They gave one group a drink with vodka and the other group a drink with tonic water. Neither group knew which drink they received. One interesting result of the experiment was that several members of the group who received the drink with tonic water acted as if they were impaired. This result is called a ________ effect.
Placebo
Julie finds that the more she sleeps on the eve of an exam, the higher the score she gets on the exam. There is _________ correlation between the amount Julie sleeps and her exam scores.
Positive
