Chapter 1: Stress management

cerebral cortex

- It is responsible for thinking functions - upper part of the brain

subcortex

- It is responsible for various physiological processes necessary to stay alive - lower part of the brain

Identify the characteristics associated with temporomandibular syndrome

- facial pain - earaches - sensitive teeth

Identify the symptoms associated with stress reactivity

- increased heart rate - increased muscle tension - increased perspiration - elevated blood pressure

Identify the important tasks that a younger college student confronts during his or her college life

- managing emotions and establishing identity - developing integrity - achieving competence

Identify the techniques used for the treatment of headaches

- massages - heat on tense muscles - medication

Identify the risk factors that are closely associated with coronary heart disease

- occupational stress - cigarette smoking

Identify the high-risk health behaviors associated with women with PTSD entering pregnancy. (Check all that apply.)

- poor prenatal care - alcohol consumption - smoking

Which of the following are true of the stress theory developed by Holmes and Rahe?

- stress occurs when a situation requires more resources than are available - stress increases when there are more frequent disturbing life events

Stages of digestion

1. Food enters the mouth, where it is broken down by chewing and saliva 2. It then passes down the food pipe into the stomach, where a number of substances break the food down further 3. the food substances then pass into the small intestine, where they are broken down further 4. the usable food then passes through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream for passage to various body parts

blood pressure greater than ____ is classified as high blood pressure

140/90

Which of the following statements best describes muscular bracing

It can lead to numerous states of poor health, such as tension headaches and backaches

Which of the following is a negative aspect of grades

It can lead to physical health deterioration of a student

Identify an accurate statement about psychosomatic diease

It involves both mind and body

Which among the following statements best illustrates the social support theory of stress?

Jack, who is experiencing stress, is comforted by his friends

____ and its receptors play a role in appetite and obesity

Neuropeptide Y

Identify the components of the endocrine system

Pituitary gland pancreas thyroid gland

Which of the following best reflects prehypertension?

Systolic blood pressure is between 120 and 139 and/or a diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89

Who among the following people was noted physiologist who first described the body's reaction to stress?

Walter Cannon

Anorexia nervosa

_____ is an eating disorder in which a person takes in so few calories as to potentially starve himself or herself.

Which of the following is believed to precede the development of ulcers

a sense of helplessness

stressor

a stimulus that has the potential to trigger a fight-or-flight response

The term ___ specifically refers to forcible sex between people who know one another

acquaintance rape

Identify a true statement about acquaintance rape

acquaintance rape is very frequent among freshman

In response to an antigen, the body produces

antibodies

Allergies like asthma and hay fever are the body's defense against a foreign, irritating substance called

antigens

Identify the feelings associated with college students who are shy

anxiety depression loneliness

Lack of oxygen in the brain resulting from a blockage or rupture of one of the arteries that supply it is called _____.

apoplexy

Infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are caused by

bacteria

muscle tension that is unnecessary is called

bracing

Cancer-causing agents are called

carcinogens

According to Kobasa, if people perceive potentially stressful events as a ____, less stress will result.

challenge instead as of a threat

____ is waxy, fat-like substance that is produced in the body and obtained from foods that come from animals

cholesterol

The most common talk therapy is _____, the goal of which is for a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to perceive fear more realistically and as less of a threat.

cognitive behavior therapy

_______ is having too many courses or courses that are too difficult to do well during any one semester

course overload

Parasympathetic nervous system

decreases heart rate

Identify the characteristics associated with temporomandibular syndrome

earaches sensitive teeth facial pain

the _______ includes all the glands that secrete hormones

endocrine system

erotic love, a passionate, all-enveloping love is also known as

eros

in the context of coping with stress, men are more likely to

exhibit a flight-or-flight response

In coping with stress, females tend to:

exhibit nurturing activities

A person experiencing apoplexy is likely to _____.

experience pain between the eyes

Which among the following symptoms indicates the presence of hot reactors

experiencing nausea

Which of the following involves getting a patient to remember and discuss an event that precipitated the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) until the actual event seems less frightening and symptoms subside?

exposure therapy

True or false: an individual's blood pressure is measured using a microspectrophotometer

false

Walter Cannon was the researcher who first identified stress reactions as the ______.

fight-or-flight response

Which of the following prevents individuals from attending their first-choice college

financial situation

Identify the characteristics associated with erotic lover´s

fluttering in the stomach heart racing

Muscle tension that causes headaches affects

forehead, jaw, or neck

Robert, a college student, started drinking heavily due to peer pressure, which resulted in him dropping out. With the support of his family, he sought counseling to deal with his addiction and turn his life around. In order to overcome his feelings of low self-esteem, Robert should _____.

forgive himself for his mistakes, failures, and past embarrassments

The electrodermal response or the electrical conductance of the skin is called

galvanic skin response (GSR)

The ____ system is the body system responsible for digestion

gastrointestinal

Buffering between stress and the development of illness and disease is termed _____.

hardiness

Which of the following kills more Americans than any other single cause of death

heart attacks

Identify the conditions associated with the racism that minority students experience. (Check all that apply.)

high blood pressure body aches mental health problems

People who react to stress with an all-out physiological reaction are called:

hot reactors

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by a virus called the

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

____ is a condition characterized by very high levels of cholesterol in the blood

hypercholesterolemia

What is the skin's reaction to stress?

increase in perspiration

Sympathetic nervous system

increases heart rate

Identify the characteristics associated with people suffering from anorexia nervosa

intense fear of gaining weight extremely disturbed eating behavior lack of menstruation

Identify a true statement about course overload

it affects students both emotionally and physically

is the fear of losing one's property, whether that be one's lover, friend, status, or power.

jealousy

The unusable food substance are transported through small intestine to the ____

large intestine

Stress management is important since researchers have found that a lot of stress ____.

leads to illness

People with high attachment anxiety seem to be

less psychologically willing or able to break up a relationship even when their partners fail to meet their psychological needs

The goal of stress management is to

limit the harmful effects of stress

Muscular bracing causes the muscle to

lose its elasticity

____ are the result of a constriction and dilation of the carotid arteries of one side of the head

migrane headaches

Some of the most significant stressors that college students experience relate to

money

The vast majority of backache problems are the result of

muscular weakness

____ is defined as a body mass index of 30 or higher

obesity

_____ health refers to having a job that is satisfying, doing meaningful work, working with people who value one's contributions and who value one as a person, and earning enough money to support one's lifestyle

occupational

Thomas is a new college student, who was plagued by self-doubt in school. To overcome and deal with this self-doubt, Thomas should _____.

permanently bury all negative self-remembrances after sifting out any constructive value they may provide

Strain

physical, psychological, or behavioral consequences such as headache due to change physiological changes

stress reactivity

physiological changes such as increased muscle tension and blood pressure due to a stimulus

The constriction phase of a migraine headache, often association associated with light sensitivity, irritability, and flushing of the skin is known as the preattack or

prodrome

The field of scientific inquiry that studies the link between the nervous system and the immune system is called

psychoneuroimmunology

The focus of researchers in the field of ____ is on both the illness-causing and the healing effects the mind can have upon the body

psychoneuroimmunology

_____ disease is not "all in the mind" but involves both mind and body

psychosomatic

A stressor minority college students experience that is unique to their minority status is _____.

racism

Parasympathetic nervous system system

responsible for conserving energy

Sympathetic nervous system

responsible for expending energy

A feature of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is that it

results in an ineffectiveness of the immunological system

In ___, the synovial membrane multiplies exceedingly fast and creates swelling, which can cause the membrane to enter the joint

rheumatoid arthritis

The last stages of rheumatoid arthritis may be the development of

scar tissue that immobilizes the joint

To be afraid of people and being worried of what strangers and powerful others think of oneself is known as

shyness

The ability to interact well with people and the environment is known as ____ health

social

Jeremiah experiences stress after he loses his friend in an accident. Sam, who is Jeremiah's neighbor, provides him emotional support to overcome the grief. Which among the following theories of stress is best illustrated in this scenario

social support theory

Blood pressure is measured with a ____, an instrument consisting of an inflatable cuff placed around the upper arm and a stethoscope

sphygmomanometer

____ are the outcomes of stress reactivity and may be physical, psychological, or behavioral

strains

The combination of a stressor, stress reactivity, and strain is known as

stress

The fight-or-flight response is termed ___.

stress reacitivity

When the smooth operation of the temporomandibular joint is interrupted ___ (TMJ) syndrome develops

temporomandibular joint

Which of the following is a physical strain?

tension headache

Whaat is the rationale of the theory of stress developed by Holmes and Rahe?

the frequency of stressful experiences determines the level of stress

The reason for older college students experiencing self-doubt about attending college is _____.

the society perceiving learning as a young person's activity

people tend to maintain romantic relationships when

their partners meet their fundamental psychological needs

Which of the following is a positive aspect of grades

they help students who aim to go to graduate school

Identify a true statement about posttraumatic stress disorder

they involve a victim having recurrent flashbacks to distressing events

Which of the following is an environmental stressor?

toxin

True or false: Self-doubts of returning college students and older, first-time college students related to academic success are understandable since society too often perceives learning as a young person's activity.

true

True or false: cancer is the unbridled multiplication of cells that leads to tumors and, eventually, organ damage

true

True or false: managing the transitional changes that a young person faces when attending college for the first time requires him or her to develop new roles and modify old ones

true

True or false: posttraumatic stress disorder is a condition that develops in people who have experienced an extreme psychological or physical event that is interpreted as particularly distressing

true

True or false: stress can lead pregnant women to miscarry

true

It is preferable to respond to jealousy in a relationship by _____.

trying to improve the relationship

it is preferable to respond to jealousy in a relationship by

trying to improve the relationship

Fissures or cuts in the wall of the stomach, duodenum, or other parts of the intestines are called

ulcers

Which of the following is a philosophical stressor

use of time

The best approach to preventing sexually transmitted infections is to

use protection during sexual activity