Chapter 1 Study Guide - TJC History

The introduction of horses to Plains tribes

replaced dogs as beasts of burden

The original Spanish settlement of New Mexico

was led by Juan de Oñate who forced Native Americans to pay taxes to Spanish authorities.

Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the "New" World?

wheat

The Columbian Exchange refers to the

global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases, as a result of Europeans landing in the Americas.

Why did the Spanish settle St. Augustine?

Due to their anti-Protestant sentiment as Catholics and their expansionist tendencies, the Spanish wished to stop the efforts of French Huguenots or Protestants to form a colony in northern Florida.

For which country did Sir Walter Raleigh attempt to establish colonies in the New World?

England

Ponce de León was the first European to explore

Florida

What compelled Martin Luther to nail his ninety-five "theses" to the door of a Wittenburg cathedral, thus launching the Protestant Reformation?

He condemned the greed of the Catholic Church and believed salvation could not be purchased.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the significance of diseases such as smallpox during the Age of Exploration?

Indigenous peoples, including their rulers, suffered immense fatalities due to the diseases and, especially with this loss in leadership, proved less able to defend themselves against the Europeans.

Which of the following statements about the encomienda system is accurate?

It allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages.

Why was the Protestant Reformation significant beyond its religious consequences?

It disrupted traditional notions of wealth, class, and monarchical supremacy.

What were some of the defining features of the Inca Empire?

It extended along the Andes Mountains in western South America and featured stone buildings and irrigated farms.

Why was hunting particularly significant for many Native American societies?

It helped nurture a warrior ethic among indigenous societies that prized courage in combat.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Protestant Reformation in England?

It occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine.

In which of the following ways was the Pueblo Revolt significant?

It was the greatest defeat Native Americans ever inflicted on European efforts to conquer the New World and delayed Spanish efforts to reestablish control over New Mexico.

Which European nation fought a war for its independence as part of challenging Spain in the New World?

Netherlands

The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the

Portuguese

As monarch, which of the following did Queen Elizabeth do?

She demonstrated incredible strength and effectiveness.

In 1565, the first permanent European town was established in the current-day United States at

St. Augustine

The French captain Jacques Cartier most importantly explored the

St. Lawrence River

Which of the following is true of Portuguese seagoing efforts by 1500?

The Portuguese's use of new sailing technologies, coupled with the unification of Spain contributed to the rise of global trade.

What was the relationship between the Age of Exploration and the Renaissance?

The Renaissance emphasis on humanism, discovery, and scientific innovation helped spark the Age of Exploration.

Why did the Spanish Empire begin a precipitous decline?

The Spanish Empire became overly dependent on extraction of wealth rather than expand and stabilize Spanish influence in the New World.

What was one major impact of the rise of the mestizo population in Mexico and New Mexico?

The Spanish grew more inclusive toward the Native Americans than would the English in their own colonies.

Why were crops such as maize so significant to the evolution of indigenous peoples in the Americas?

These crops were reliable enough as food sources that indigenous peoples could lead more settled lives and, thus, become more established, larger societies.

In which of the following ways were the Anasazis different from the Aztecs and Incas?

They lacked a rigid class structure.

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the Algonquians?

They lived in multifamily "longhouses" and were one of three major Eastern Woodlands groups.

Food crops exported from the Americas

allowed a population explosion in Europe

The Spanish Armada

attempted to invade England.

The primary objective of the hundreds of priests in New Spain was to

convert the Native Americans.

After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of

disease

Which of the following is characteristic of the Mississippian Indian culture?

elaborate burial mounds and towns built around plazas and temples

On his first voyage, Columbus

explored a number of Caribbean islands

Which of the following was a result of the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella?

increased catholic expansion ship

Horses became so valuable in North America that they

intensifies intertribal warefare and competition

John Cabot's crossing of the Atlantic in 1497 resulted in his

making landfall in present-day Canada.

Around 1500 B.C.E., which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) began developing large cities, including gigantic pyramids?

mayans

The city of Tenochtitlán was founded in 1325 by the

mexicas

A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in

predestination

Major reasons for the defeat of the Spanish Armada included

storms in the North Sea and the speed and agility of English warships.

The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in

the disappearance of the colonists.

By the eighteenth century, mestizos made up a majority of the population in Mexico and New Mexico. Who were they?

the offspring of Spanish and Native American parents

Bartolomé de Las Casas spoke out against

the system of native slavery adopted by Spain

How, in part, did Hernán Cortés conquer the Aztec Empire?

through capitalizing on conflict between Native American peoples and Spanish advantages in military technology

European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by the

transformation in Europe away from feudal societies.