Chapter 1 Yin and Yang - "TCVM Fundamental Principles"
what indicates Deficient?
older, weaker patients with chronic disease
Blood is associated with Yin or Yang?
Yin blood is structural
what are the basis to diagnosis and treatment?
Yin-Yang principles are the basis for the Eight Principles diagnostic system, which is used to diagnose disease
What is "Yin Excess"?
Shi Han - Excess Cold state Yin is greater than the normal range of equilibrium. Yin Excess is caused by the invasion of Excessive Coldness. The cooling properties of Yin overwhelm the warming properties of Yang, so an Excess Cold condition appears
using the fourth principle, explain the metabolic process in our bodies:
"consumption of yang leading to increased yin" = anabolic process involving the expenditure of energy to synthesize nutritions. during gluconeogenesis, the body utilizes energy as it creates glycogen; Yang is consumed to produce Yin. "consumption of Yin leading to increased yang" - catabolic process occurring when nutrients supply the body's function when an animal's body uses the stored glycogen to provide energy for running, Yin is consumed to produce Yang.
1.17: An outgoing, high energy and hyperactive two year old Thoroughbred colt is more: A) Yin B) Yang
B- Yang
Qi is associated with Yin or Yang?
Yang Qi is energetic
What are the Five Principles of Yin-Yang?
1. Everything in the universe has two opposite aspects: Yin and Yang 2. Any Yin-Yang division can be further divided into Yin and Yang aspects 3. Yin and Yang control each other 4. Yin and Yang mutually create each other 5. Yin and Yang may transform into each other in certain circumstances
what are the three levels the body need to balance on?
1. body must remain in balance with the external elements or environmental forces. 2. the body is influenced by emotional or social balance between individuals in contact with each other. 3. the body must maintain balance among its own internal processes.
For each question below, choose the item in the pair which belongs to YANG: 1.1: A- Fire; B- Water 1.2: A-10am; B- 10pm 1.3: A- Mare; B- Stallion 1.4: A- Winter; B- Summer 1.5: A-East; B- West
1.1: A 1.2: A 1.3: B 1.4: B 1.5 A
For each question below, choose the item in the pair which belongs to YIN: 1.6: A- Running; B- Sitting 1.7: A- Fast; B- Slow 1.8: A-Head; B- Tail 1.9: A- Interior; B- Exterior 1.10: A- Front Let; B- Back Leg
1.6: B 1.7: B 1.8: B 1.9: A 1.10: B
When is the earliest known reference to Yin and Yang?
700 BCE Yin is broken line - - Yang is solid line --
1.15: If the Yin-Yang equilibrium is destroyed by Excess Heat, what is the proper treatment principle to restore the Yin-Yang balance? A) Clear Excess Heat B) Tonify Excess Heat C) Tonify Yang D) Clear Excess Yin
A- Clear Excess Heat
1.18: A quiet, reserved, withdrawn, thirteen year old Border Collie is more: A) Yin B) Yang
A- Yin
1.14: Excess Cold occurs when... A) Yin is too high and Yang is normal B) Yin is too low and Yang is normal C) Yang is too high and Yin is normal D) Yang is too low and Yin is normal
A- Yin is too high and Yang is normal
What is the next step in the diagnostic system once excess or deficiency has been identified?
Assign Yin or Yang based on the heat or cold signs
1.12: False Heat occurs when... A) Yin is too high and Yang is normal B) Yin is too low and Yang is normal C) Yang is too high and Yin is normal D) Yang is too low and Yin is normal
B- Yin is too low and Yang is normal
1.13: Excess Heat occurs when... A) Yin is too high and Yang is normal B) Yin is too low and Yang is normal C) Yang is too high and Yin is normal D) Yang is too low and Yin is normal
C- Yang is too high and Yin is normal
1.11: False Cold occurs when... A) Yin is too high and Yang is normal B) Yin is too low and Yang is normal C) Yang is too high and Yin is normal D) Yang is too low and Yin is normal
D - Yang is too low and Yin is normal
1.16: If Yin is Deficient, what is the treatment principle? A) Clear Excess Yin B) Clear Excess Heat C) Tonify Yang D) Tonify Yin
D- Tonify Yin
What are some examples of Yin and Yang?
Day is Yang Night is Yin Hot is Yang Cold is Yin Brightness/light is Yang Dimness/dark is Yin
A one-year old, castrated male Domestic Shorthair cat presents with an acute onset of nasal discharge and congestion. His ears and back are hot. His temperature is 104F. He has a red tongue and fast and strong pulses. What is the cat's TCVM diagnosis?
Excess Heat (Yang Excess)
What are the Fu organs and are they associated with Yin or Yang?
Fu organs are YANG LI, BL, GB, ST, SI, TH Fu organs are hollow and their contents move fast or are supposed to be eliminated outside the body
What are the Eight Principles diagnostic system?
Interior, Cold, and Deficiency patterns with YIN Exterior, Heat, Excess patterns with YANG
what is "Yang Excess"?
Shi Re - Excess Heat state Yang is greater than normal range of equilibrium. Yang Excess is produced by the invasion of Excessive Heat. The cooling properties of Yin are unable counteract the warming properties of Yang, so an Excess Heat condition appears.
Using the first principle, which words are more Yin or Yang? Sunny, Rainy. Parameter = precipitation Short, Tall. Parameter = height North, South. Parameter = latitude, relative direction Left, Right. Parameter = relative direction
Sunny = Yang; Rainy = Yin Short = Yin; Tall = Yang North = Yin; South = Yang Left = Yang; Right = Yin
What is "Yang Deficiency"?
Xu Han - Deficient Cold or Vacuity Cold state Yang is lower than normal, but Yin is at the normal level. The warming properties of Yang are insufficient to equalize the cooling properties of Yin, so a cold condition appears The Cold caused by Yang Deficiency is also called "False Cold" as opposed to "True Cold" which is a Yin Excess.
What is "Yin Deficiency"?
Xu Re - Deficient Heat or Vacuity Heat Yin is lower than normal, but Yang is at the normal level. The cooling properties of Yin are insufficient to equalize the warming properties of Yang, which is relatively higher. The Heat caused by Yin Deficiency is "False Heat" as opposed to Yang Excess which is "True Heat".
A Deficient patient showing HEAT signs is _____ ______ A Deficient patient showing COLD signs is ______ _____
YIN Deficiency Yang Deficiency deficient patients reversed from their heat or cold signs
What are the four possible states of imbalance when there is too much or too little of Yin or Yang?
Yang Excess Yin Excess Yang Deficiency Yin Deficiency
An Excess patient showing HEAT signs is ______ ______ An Excess patient showing COLD signs is ______ ______
Yang Excess Yin Excess
Jumper, a ten-month-old castrated male Domestic Shorthair cat, is an outdoor-indoor cat. He enjoys running, climbing trees, and jumping from high places. He is also a good hunter, catching small creatures such as dragonflies and lizards. He likes attention, and he always walks with his human guardian. His whole body feels hot. He tends to have urinary tract infections. He drinks a lot, but he does not have any endocrine disorders. What is Jumper's TCVM Pattern? What are the best types of food for Jumper?
Yang Excess (Excess Heat) Cooling foods
Spot is a gentle fifteen-year old spayed female Domestic Shorthair cat. She presents with chronic hind limb weakness. Her ears and back feel cold on palpation. She has a pale, purple, and wet tongue. Her pulses are weak. What is Spot's constitution/personality? What is Spot's TCVM diagnosis? What types of food should be good for her?
Yin Yang Deficiency (Deficient Cold) Hot foods
Marcie, a ten-year-old spayed female Lab presents with chronic pruritus. She has had itchy skin since she was 5 years old. Prednisone helped in the first 3 years, but signs have become worse in the last 2 years. The itchiness is worse in the Spring, Summer, and at night. Her skin is mostly itchy around the face, neck and trunk, and she also has alopecia and a skin rash. Her eyes are red and dry, and her gums are tacky. Her pulses are thready and fast. What is the TCVM diagnosis? What types of food is good for Marcie?
Yin Deficiency / Deficient Heat Cooling foods
Explain the second principle: any Yin-Yang division can be further divided into Yin and Yang aspects.
Yin and Yang can never be separated because nothing is totally Yin or totally Yang.
Using the fourth principle, what happens when this relationship goes beyond physiological limits/balance?
Yin and Yang will not be able to be maintained, and disease develops - Deficiencies or Excesses If Yang is Deficient, there is insufficient Yang to spare for making nutrients, Yin will also become Deficient. A Deficiency in Yin could eventually lead to a Yang Deficiency since there will not be enough nutrients to turn into energy.
What are the Zang organs and are they associated with Yin or Yang?
Zang organs are YIN LU, KID, LIV, SP, HT, PC Zang organs are solid and their content move slowly or are supposed to be stored within the body
What is the normal physiology of Yin and Yang?
a healthy body requires both form and function working harmoniously. physical components of body, cells, molecules, fluids, and various substances = Yin function, activity, and energy of various bodily components = Yang Within the healthy body, Yin and Yang keep each other in balance through mutual opposition, control, and creation. When Yin and Yang are out of balance, they cannot protect the body from invasion of pathogenic factors such as bacteria and viruses and disease results.
What are some examples of clinical signs for EXCESS HEAT / YANG EXCESS?
acute onset short course younger age no general weakness hyperactive high fever red or purple tongue strong and fast pulse
What are some examples of clinical signs for EXCESS COLD / YIN EXCESS?
acute onset short course younger age no general weakness pain swelling or edema loose stool pale or purple tongue strong and slow pulse
Using the second principle, explain the 24-hour period
as day turns into night and back to day, Yang and Yin alternate in an endless daily cycle Daytime is Yang, Yin is night time When a new day is born at dawn, the Yang energy gradually increases to a peak at noon and then gradually decreases until sunset. THUS: morning = yang within yang afternoon = yin within yang Beginning at dusk, the Yin increases until it peaks at midnight and then gradually weakens until sunrise. THUS: evening = yin within yin late night = yang within yin
what is the first step to diagnosis?
determine whether the patient is characterized by Excess or Deficient determined by age, chronicity of the disease, and other clinical signs
What are some examples of clinical signs for DEFICIENCY COLD / FALSE COLD / YANG DEFICIENCY?
chronic onset long course older age coldness at extremities edema, loose stool urinary incontinence chronic back pain / weakness weakness of the rear limbs infertility pale tongue weak and deep pulse
What are some examples of clinical signs for DEFICIENCY HEAT / FALSE HEAT / YIN DEFICIENCY?
chronic onset long course older age general weakness thirsty lower degree of fever restless or anxiety prefers cool red and dry tongue thready and fast pulse
Explain the first principle: everything in the universe has two opposite aspects: yin and yang
given a phenomenon, one must determine the most important parameter which will be the basis of comparison. considering each pair along with the relevant parameters, compare each word with the Yin and Yang characteristics to determine whether the word is more Yin or Yang.
What are some preventative measures and therapies for a YANG constitution animal? (active, young, outgoing)
provide cooling environments and food climate adjustments = shade, air conditioning, northern climate, fans and misting canine/feline dietary adjustments = fish, turkey, banana, tofu, brown rice, wheat, duck, celery, kelp, spinach, broccoli
What are some preventative measures and therapies for a YIN constitution animal? (quiet, old, shy)
providing warming environments and foods climate adjustments = sunbathing, heaters, southern climate, blankets canine/feline dietary adjustments = mutton, deer meat, chicken, white rice, oats, citrus, ginger, pepper, chicken liver, squash, pumpkin
Explain the third principle: yin and yang control each other.
the opposing natures of yin and yang allow them to control or modulate each other. while they oppose each other, the phenomenon remains somewhere between the extremes of Yin and Yang. this activity is critical for maintaining physiological balance within a healthy body - the Yin or Yang aspects oppose each other and restrict each other from becoming too powerful
explain the fifth principle: Yin and Yang may transform into each other in certain circumstances
this change only occurs at a certain stage of development within the phenomenon. Transition points mark the shift between Yin and Yang
How do you treat Yang Excess?
to clear (dispel) the Heat or sedate (reduce) the Yang to bring it back down within normal levels
What is the treatment for Yin Excess?
to clear the Cold or sedate the Yin.
What is the treatment for Yang Deficiency?
to tonify Yang
What is the treatment for Yin Deficiency?
tonify/nourish Yin
explain the fourth principle: yin and yang mutually create each other
yin and yang cannot exist in isolation: there is no yang without yin, and no yin without yang. yin and yang co-exist in a continuous, dynamic state of mutual consumption and generation called "Ebb-Rise relation" in which one rises while the other declines.
What indicates Excess?
young, active, strong patients with acute disease
