chapter 10- 14 questions personal health
what is true of hepatitis C?
-many people with it do not know that they have it -targeted antiviral drugs have proven highly effective in more than 95 percent of patients with chronic hep c. -it is extremely rare in the US.
Sarah is a 21-year-old female who weighs 120 pounds. If Sarah drinks four glasses (5 ounces each) of wine within thirty-five minutes, what is her approximate blood alcohol level?
0.15
If you are under the age of _____, you can remain on your parents' insurance policy.
26
Water bottles made with lightweight polyethylene terephthalate may take as long as ______ years to degrade.
400 to 1,000
Air pollution can increase the risk for heart attack by nearly percent.
5
Breathing in polluted air can increase the risk for heart attack by approximately _________ percent.
5
What percent alcohol is 120-proof vodka?
60
Which of the following is an herbal drug?
Khat
What drug has extremely unpredictable effects and at times causes violent behavior among either first-time or long-time users?
PCP
Lyme disease can be transmitted to humans by _____.
a bite from an infected tick
Which of the following characteristics is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
a higher-than-normal triglyceride level
Which of the following is a characteristic of substance use disorder?
a persistent desire to cut down or stop substance use
With respect to vital signs, which reading reflects a normal value?
a respiration rate of 15 to 20 breaths per minute
Most vaccine-preventable deaths occur among _____.
adults
Which of the following statements about alcohol's impact on the body is true?
alcohol lowers body temperature
Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?
amphetamine
Prolonged exposure to sound emitted by which source poses the least threat to your hearing?
amplified car stereo
What condition is defined by narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow in the heart and cause chest pain?
angina
Which of these is true regarding opioids?
anyone who uses prescription opioids can become addicted to them.
female smokers ____.
are less fertile than nonsmokers
As part of the body's immune response, macrophages _____.
are scavenger cells that consume foreign cells as well as diseased red blood cells.
Which of the following statements is true about tobacco consumption in the United States?
asian and Hispanic women have the lowest smoking rates
How can you protect yourself against medical hoaxes?
ask for published reports of the studies
________ is a disease of the lining of the arteries in which plaque narrows the artery channels.
atherosclerosis
Loya is developing a plan to help lower her high blood pressure. Which action is most appropriate for Loya to include in the plan?
avoiding caffeinated energy drinks
Which of the following forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a "mind-body medicine" approach?
biofeedback
A vector in an infectious process is the _______.
biological or physical vehicle that carries the agent to the host.
The primary danger posed by infection with the Zika virus is ______.
birth defects
______ is an event that causes a cerebrovascular accident, or stroke.
blockage of the blood supply to a portion of the brain
Hepatitis B _____.
can be spread in the sweat of athletes
Psychological side effects of over-the-counter and prescription drugs _____.
can include changes in the way people think, feel, and behave
Research conducted so far indicates that e-cigarettes _____.
can lead to airway construction and inflammation
Which of the following greenhouse gases is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned?
carbon dioxide
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that arises from burning fossil fuels?
carbon dioxide
Rick keeps his garage properly ventilated to prevent a potentially lethal buildup of _____, a tasteless, odorless gas that reduces oxygen delivery in the blood.
carbon monoxide
What is the part of cigarette smoke that interferes with hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen?
carbon monoxide
Which of these is produced by space heaters, furnaces, water heaters or engines in a poorly ventilated area?
carbon monoxide
Which of the following is one of the signs that a health product may be fraudulent?
claims that a product is a scientific breakthrough, miraculous cure, secret ingredient, or ancient remedy
Drug _______ is a pattern of continuing substance use despite cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms.
dependence
Austin's urinalysis reveals the presence of a small amount of glucose. This finding will most likely prompt further testing for which of the following?
diabetes
side stream smoke is _____.
dirtier than mainstream smoke
As neuroscientists have shown, the brain's "reward center" responds to both pleasurable and exciting experiences, such as eating chocolate or bungee jumping, by producing _______, a "feel-good" chemical in the brain.
dopamine
What is the brain chemical that increases after someone wins a poker hand, drinks a shot of whiskey, or takes a snort of cocaine?
dopamine
Sam shares with her sister a medication she received a while back for her neck pain. Which of the following is Sam experiencing?
drug diversion
The health effects of cigarette smoking include ____.
earlier onset of dementia among males
______ is a health risk caused by pollutants destroying the air sacs in the lungs.
emphysema
One-third of the cases of sudden cardiac death in young athletes is due to ______.
excessive thickness of the heart muscle
Consumers in the United States prefer to use bottled water over tap water because of ____.
fears about the public water supply
Which means of transmission is the most common route by which the hepatitis A virus is spread?
fecal contamination of food or water
The most common reported reason people drink alcohol is to _____.
feel less tense
Some children are born with a low birth weight, irritability while a newborn, and permanent mental impairment as a result of their mother's alcohol consumption during pregnancy. What is this called?
fetal alcohol sundrome disorders
Which of the following statements regarding blood-alcohol concentration is true?
food consumption, age, and sex can all impact how a person's body metabolizes alcohol
Which of these is true regarding caffeine?
for most people, caffeine causes few serious health risks
The likelihood of contracting the common cold can be lessened by _____.
frequent hand washing
mutagens are environmental agents that trigger changes in the _____.
genetic material of living cells
Which of the following is NOT linked to hearing loss?
giving your ears some quiet time
social smokers _____.
have a higher risk of cancer than nonsmokers, even if they use less than a pack of cigarettes per week
Which of the following factors has an impact on a student's likelihood to use drugs?
having a pattern of substance use beginning in high school
______ occurs when a diseased artery in the brain floods the surrounding tissue with blood.
hemorrhagic stoke
In the current health-care system, which of the following is true?
hospital stays are generally shorter today than they were 10 years ago.
________ is linked with cancers of the cervix, mouth and throat, vulva, and anus.
human papilloma virus
____ occurs when the artery walls become constricted so that the force exerted as the blood flows through them is greater than it should be.
hypertension
_____ occurs when blood pressure remains elevated over time and forces the heart to pump harder than is healthy.
hypertension
Which of the following is an effect of the carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke?
impairment of normal functioning of the nervous system
As a health-care consumer, you have the right to ______.
information on how providers use your personal medical information
The leading alcohol-related cause of death is ______.
injury
_______ is the leading alcohol-related cause of death.
injury
Which of the following statements about the immune system is true?
inoculation with a vaccine confers active immunity.
Which of the following is a change implemented under the Affordable Care Act?
insurance companies cannot deny coverage on the basis of preexisting medical conditions
Tobacco use on college campuses _____.
is reported to be a way of managing stress
Which of these strategies to protect your skin from skin cancer is NOT a true statement?
it best to use a sunscreen of SPF 15 or greater rather than wear protective clothing and stay in the shade
Which of the following statements is true about alcoholism?
it can be influenced by heredity
Which of the following statements is true of periodontitis?
it can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease
Which of the following statements is true about problem gambling?
it is an addiction that runs in families
Which of the following statements about caffeine intoxication is true?
it is diagnosed on the basis of 5 or more specific symptoms
Which of the following is true of noise-induced hearing loss?
it is irreversible
Which of the following statements is true of vision surgery?
it may result in poor night vision
Which of the following statements is true about caffeine?
it relieves the symptoms of migraine headaches
Jill runs which of these risks if she takes more than the recommended daily dosage of Tylenol for her back pain?
liver failure
Along with fever, cough, and body aches, individuals infected with COVID-19 may also _____.
lose their sense of smell.
Which of the following is among the signs of metabolic syndrome?
lower-than-normal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level
Which of the following statements about risk factors of stroke is true?
lowering LDL levels decreases the risk
Which is a negative health effect of asbestos?
lung cancer
Which of the following behaviors indicates a possible diagnosis of gambling addiction?
lying to conceal the extent of gambling
What lifestyle change is most likely to help control type 2 diabetes?
maintain a healthy weight and control sugar intake.
Before an appointment with a health-care professional, you should ____.
make a list of all medications you take, including vitamins and herbal supplements
_______ is/are the most widely used illicit drug(s) on campuses.
marijuana
Which of these is NOT true regarding drug addiction treatment?
medically assisted detoxification has been shown to be all that's really necessary in drug rehabilitation
Which of the following statements about hypertension is true?
men and women are equal likely to develop hypertension.
_____ syndrome is a cluster of disorders, including high blood pressure, high insulin levels, abdominal obesity, and abnormal cholesterol levels, that make a person more likely to develop diabetes, heart disease, or stroke.
metabolic
Regarding the use of stimulants, which of these is true?
methamphetamine users may become addicted quickly
The FDA monitors personal health apps that ____.
monitor vital signs
Which of the following statements is true about alcohol consumption in America?
more Americans are choosing not to drink, and alcohol consumption is at its lowest level in decades
Secondhand tobacco smoke is _______.
more hazardous than outdoor pollution as a cancer-causing agent
Regarding bottled water, which is a true statement?
most bottled water comes from urban water supplies, and not mountain streams and glacier peaks
Which of the following statements is true about racial factors associated with alcohol consumption?
native Americans have 3 times the general populations rate of alcohol related injury
What is the form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy that might include increasing consumption of vegetables, abstaining from salt, and taking periodic steam baths?
naturopathy
Which of the following is an example of an acute effect of pollution?
nausea and vomiting after ingestion of a pesticide
Besides joint and back pain, acupuncture can also alleviate ______.
nausea for those undergoing chemotherapy
Which of these is true about the immediate effects of nicotine on the body?
nicotine increases your blood pressure
Which of the following statements is true of health-care practitioners?
nurse practitioners can run community clinics
Which of the following statements is true regarding the opioid epidemic?
one in 4 patients who receive long-term opioid therapy become addicted to opioids.
Among gynecological cancers, _______ has the highest mortality rate.
ovarian cancer
______ occurs when a person develops tolerance to the effects of a drug and needs larger and larger doses to achieve intoxication or another desired effect.
physical dependence
Robin is considering undergoing lasik (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) surgery to correct her nearsightedness. Which is NOT considered a side effect or negative consequence of the procedure?
possible change in the iris that may effect eye color
______ refers to recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of various health problems based on evidence from scientific research.
practice guidelines
Three important paths to sustainability are ____________, recycling, and composting.
precycling
Which of the following is a key reform of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
preventing insurance companies from increasing insurance premiums for people with preexisting conditions
As compared with other nicotine inhalation methods, water-pipe smoking _____.
produces a much greater volume of smoke that is inhaled in a single puff
Meningitis vaccination _____.
protects against most common types of meningococcal bacteria
Which of these best describes the classification of health products and devices promoted as "scientific breakthroughs" or "miraculous cures"?
quackery
Which of the following is NOT a contributor to heart disease?
regular exercise
Which of the following statements is true about preventing relapses in substance abuse?
relapses do not erase the progress that has been achieved
Early bacterial meningitis symptoms _____.
resemble flu symptoms and take a couple of days to appear
_______ is the leading cause of death among smokers.
respiratory failure
_____ is a source of radon.
rock and earth beneath homes
Getting breast implants can lead to ____.
rupture and scarring
______ is a type of cancer that forms in the supporting, or connective, tissues of the body such as bones, muscles, and blood vessels.
sarcoma
Which of the following is NOT a health risk attributable to climatic changes?
severe droughts
Which are the most common symptoms of meningitis?
severe, persistent headache; sudden high fever; and neck stiffness and pain
Why would Brianna want to measure her levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
she is trying to determine when she will ovulate
Marilyn, who is 23, is considered at risk for a gambling problem because of which of the following?
she spends about 15 percent of her monthly income on gambling
Which of the following defines tolerance?
significantly more alcohol is needed to achieve the desired effect
Which of these is true regarding buying drugs online?
since importing medication without a prescription is against the law, you could find yourself in legal trouble.
Which of the following is an effect of smoking during pregnancy?
smaller infant head circumference
The majority of motor-vehicle crashes are attributed to ____.
speeding
Drugs called ______ work in the liver to block production of cholesterol.
statins
Which of the following is an effect of nicotine?
stimulation of the adrenal glands
______ occurs when the blood supply to a portion of the brain is blocked.
stroke
Which of the following statements is true of influences on student drinking?
students who are not in a fraternity or sorority report less risky drinking behavior
Major academic medical centers are commonly referred to as which type of hospitals?
teaching
The standard definition of "one drink" is based on _____.
the amount of alcohol
In a health insurance plan, what is a deductible?
the amount of money you pay before your insurance begins paying
The time between the entry of a pathogen into your body and the first symptom is known as _____.
the incubation period
Which of the following is true for an individual who has diabetes?
the levels of glucose in the blood increase after each meal
Which of the following statements is true about forms of tobacco other than cigarettes?
the tobacco in bidis its unprocessed and more potent than the tobacco in cigarettes
What is the first step in substance abuse treatment?
the use admitting addiction
Which of the following statements about risky addictive behaviors among adults is true?
the vast majority of college students do not engage in addictive behaviors
Which of these is NOT true about global warming?
there is no evidence that we are experiencing global warming
Which of the following has been found to be false regarding college binge drinkers?
they are Riley to be satisfied with their bodies
Which of the following statements is true of high-density lipoproteins?
they pick up excess cholesterol in the body and carry it back to the liver for removal from the body.
nicotine gum is best used ___.
to diminish withdrawal symptoms
_______ is defined by a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol or a drug to achieve the desired effect or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of a substance.
tolerance
Regarding viruses, which of these is a FALSE statement?
treatment with antibiotics is the primary treatment option if you become infected with a respiratory viral infection
_______ are the blood fats released into the bloodstream after a meal.
triglycerides
In _______ diabetes, the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them.
type 1
smokers who try to quit _____.
typically require several tries to be successful
To avoid medical malpractice suits, doctors must ______.
use the same standard of care that other physicians would
Regarding vaping risks, which of these is true?
vaping can lead to cardiovascular problems
Biologically based therapies may include ____.
vitamins and herbs
Which of the following statements about sex differences in alcohol consumption is true?
women absorb about 30 percent more alcohol into their bloodstream than men
Which of the following is one of the sex-based differences in patterns of drug use?
women who abuse drugs are more likely to experience negative effects
Which of the following is true regarding alcohol and pregnancy?
women who drink alcohol during pregnancy put three child at risk for having intellectual disabilities
Which of the following statements is true of the Affordable Care Act?
you may have to pay a deductible