Chapter 10

Pope Gregory VII decreed the practice of investiture invalid. What was investiture? Select one: a. The practice of state appointment of bishops b. Loaning money at excessive interest to the church c. The state's power to tax the clergy d. The practice whereby aristocrats dressed in bishops' robes and attempted to rule in their place e. The practice of trying clerics in secular courts

a. The practice of state appointment of bishops

What dynasty took over the Frankish monarchy in the 8th century? Select one: a. Carolingian b. Capetian c. Merovingian d. Saxon e. Norman

a. Carolingian

In the 12th century, what Parisian scholar, the author of Yes and No, utilized logic to examine ecclesiastical doctrine? Select one: a. Peter Abelard b. Thomas Aquinas c. Jacques Coeur d. William of Ockham e. William of St. Thierry

a. Peter Abelard

Relationships between members of the military elite based on a reciprocal exchange of land for military service and loyalty were called Select one: a. feudalism. b. monasticism. c. manorialism. d. the guild system. e. capitalism.

a. feudalism.

Which of the following statements concerning the medieval economy is most true? Select one: a. Medieval economic thought and practice was of no consequence to later Western economic thinkers and actors. b. Medieval economics was a combination of capitalistic and feudal practices c. Medieval economics simply repeated the thought and practice of earlier economic thinkers. d. Medieval economic systems were based on global trade with China and India. e. Medieval economics, overall, tended to discourage merchant activity and technical innovation.

b. Medieval economics was a combination of capitalistic and feudal practices

Following the fall of Rome, where was the center of the post-classical West? Select one: a. In Italy, particularly Rome b. The central plains of northern Europe c. The British Isles d. In the former Roman colony of Spain e. Greece

b. The central plains of northern Europe

Which of the following was NOT a threat to the sources of Western vitality at the end of the Middle Ages? Select one: a. Manufacturing and technology developed more quickly b. The economic tail-spin and impending depression c. The Black Death d. New social disputes, involving both peasants and landlords and artisans and their employees. e. The increasing inability of agriculture to keep pace with population growth

b. The economic tail-spin and impending depression

The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century, Select one: a. William of Ockham. b. Thomas Aquinas. c. Geoffrey Chaucer. d. William of St. Thierry. e. Peter Abelard.

b. Thomas Aquinas.

Which of the following statements concerning the three-field rotation system is most accurate? Select one: a. The three-field system removed more land from production than before by reserving one-third for fallow. b. The three-field system removed fallow fields and replaced them with nitrogen-bearing crops. c. Introduced in the 8th century, the three-field rotation left a third of the land unplanted to regain fertility, d. It represented a net increase in productivity where it was used because although crops were rotated, no fields were left fallow. e. The three-field system was rapidly replaced after the 8th century by the two-field system that offered greater flexibility in terms of crop rotation.

c. Introduced in the 8th century, the three-field rotation left a third of the land unplanted to regain fertility

Which of the following areas was NOT one of the regions into which expansion from western Europe took place? Select one: a. Spain b. Iceland and Greenland c. Northern Africa d. Poland e. Eastern Germany

c. Northern Africa

How did the introduction of feudal monarchy into England compare to the political experience of France? Select one: a. French feudal monarchy arose almost immediately in the 10th century as a result of the defeat of the Normans. b. English feudal monarchy developed more gradually and slowly in response to the improving economy. c. France failed to develop feudal monarchy until the 15th century unlike England. d. English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed more slowly. e. England never developed a strong feudal monarchy similar to what happened in France.

d. English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed more slowly.

The post classical period in Western history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century is referred to as the Select one: a. Renaissance. b. Age of Discovery. c. Modern Era. d. Middle Ages. e. Baroque.

d. Middle Ages.

The reforming monastic orders founded in Assisi in the 13th century were created by Select one: a. St. Bernard and Abelard b. St. Clare and St. Benedict. c. St. Benedict and Clovis. d. St. Francis and St. Clare. e. St Francis and Charlemagne.

d. St. Francis and St. Clare.

What belief did the conversion of Germanic kings create among Western religious leaders, particularly the pope? Select one: a. That the Church was subordinate to the secular monarchs b. That such conversion represented a danger to the papal hierarchy c. That the Church should avoid conversion of northern Germanic kings d. That the Church was superior to the secular rulers e. That the church should fear powerful kings

d. That the Church was superior to the secular rulers

What Frankish king was responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks? Select one: a. Louis IX b. Charles Martel c. Clovis d. Pepin III e. Charlemagne

c. Clovis

During the 11th century, what new architectural style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses became dominant in western Europe? Select one: a. Structuralism b. Romanesque c. Gothic d. Turkic e. Baroque

c. Gothic

Which of the following developments was NOT a result of the improved economy of the High Middle Ages? Select one: a. Conflicts between peasants and the landlords became rare, if they did not disappear altogether. b. Urban growth allowed more specialized manufacturing and commercial activities, including banking. c. Rising trade permitted the redevelopment of commerce within the Mediterranean and beyond. d. Some peasants were able to throw off the most severe constraints of manorialism, becoming almost free farmers. e. A money economy began to replace the traditional barter system used throughout western Europe.

a. Conflicts between peasants and the landlords became rare, if they did not disappear altogether.

What was the impact of the improved economy after the 10th century on the social system of western Europe? Select one: a. The increased pace of economic life created a less rigid structure. b. Harsh serfdom became the rule throughout western Europe. c. The improvements in the agricultural system retarded the development of towns and restricted social mobility. d. Despite the improved economy, the rigid social system associated with feudalism continued to dominate western Europe. e. The merchants lost considerable power to the monarchs.

a. The increased pace of economic life created a less rigid structure.

The system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers was called Select one: a. manorialism. b. capitalism. c. monasticism. d. slavery. e. feudalism.

a. manorialism.

Because of its base in the universities of western Europe, the dominant medieval philosophical approach was referred to as Select one: a. scholasticism. b. rationalism. c. corporate theology. d. social contract theology. e. existentialism.

a. scholasticism.

Which of the following was NOT a positive development that introduced new sources of strength by the 9th and 10th centuries to western Europe? Select one: a. New agricultural techniques b. Development of imperial government c. End of Viking raids d. Towns served as trade centers e. Greater regional political stability

b. Development of imperial government

Which of the following statements concerning the intellectual activity of the medieval West prior to the 8th century is most accurate? Select one: a. Classical rational traditions were actively united with Christian mysticism to carve out a new intellectual world. b. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts. c. Western scholars achieved more during this period than their Islamic counterparts. d. Universities rapidly created a new intellectual climate in which logic was applied to matters of Christian doctrine. e. All literacy and contact with the ancient culture was lost in the centuries following the fall of Rome.

b. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts.

The moldboard was Select one: a. the peasant council that determined the division of land and labor in a peasant village. b. a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil. c. a technological innovation, a water-driven mill for grinding grain. d. a nickname for the first school established by Charles Martel in France. e. a system of justice common to the manorial regime of the medieval West.

b. a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil.

In what year was Charlemagne able to establish a substantial, if temporary, empire in France and Germany? Select one: a. 900 b. 500 c. 800 d. 1000 e. 1100

c. 800

Which of the following was NOT typical of the challenges to typical medieval institutions in the 15th century? Select one: a. Parliaments limited the power of kings and provided major support to the merchant class b. The landowning aristocracy lost its dominance as the chief military force c. A single imperial government replaced the smaller kingdoms of the Middle Ages d. The medieval intellectual and artistic synthesis was breaking down e. The balance between church and state began to favor the dominance of the state

c. A single imperial government replaced the smaller kingdoms of the Middle Ages

What 12th century monk stressed the importance of mystical union with God over logic and philosophy? Select one: a. Simeon of Durham b. Duns Scotus c. Bernard of Clairvaux d. Marsiglio of Padua e. Augustine

c. Bernard of Clairvaux

Which of the following was NOT true of the career of Jacques Coeur? Select one: a. He was tortured, admitted to various crimes, and had his property confiscated. b. He had the largest fleet ever owned by a French subject. c. He died a rich and honored advisor to the king of France. d. He used his wealth to arrange for his 16-year-old son to become an archbishop. e. Coeur built an elaborate palace at Bourges.

c. He died a rich and honored advisor to the king of France.

Which of the following statements about the manorial system is NOT true? Select one: a. It was practically self-sufficient. b. Agricultural productivity was low. c. It was technologically sophisticated. d. It had originated in the Roman Empire. e. Its obligations bore heavily on serfs.

c. It was technologically sophisticated.

Which of the following was a result of the Hundred Years War during the 14th and 15th centuries? Select one: a. An English victory, but only after an invasion of France by Richard the Lionhearted b. Physical destruction of both France and England, with loss of trade as well c. Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies d. Major battles resulted in enormous loss of life over the course of the war e. Mounted knights continued their dominance over foot soldiers and archers

c. Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies

Which of the following statements concerning the Holy Roman Emperors after the 10th century is most accurate? Select one: a. Dukedoms and city-states yielded political authority to the Holy Roman Empire throughout western Europe. b. Discarding much of the former Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman emperors reestablished a centralized government in northern Italy. c. The rule of the Holy Roman emperors became increasingly hollow, because they did not build a solid monarchy from regional foundations. d. They built upon the Carolingian foundations to establish the most centralized government found in the medieval West. e. Building on a feudal framework rather than the Carolingian Germanic foundations, the Holy Roman emperors created a strongly centralized government.

c. The rule of the Holy Roman emperors became increasingly hollow, because they did not build a solid monarchy from regional foundations.

Agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of aristocratic landowners were called Select one: a. bourgeoisie. b. fiefs. c. serfs. d. guildsmen. e. artisans.

c. serfs.

The Fourth Crusade was manipulated by merchants in Venice, who turned it into an attack on Select one: a. Athens. b. Alexandria. c. Rome d. Constantinople. e. Jerusalem.

d. Constantinople.

Which of the following regions achieved feudal monarchy prior to the end of the Middle Ages? Select one: a. Italy b. Spain c. Holy Roman Empire d. England e. Low Countries

d. England

Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Crusades? Select one: a. The Fourth Crusade resulted in the temporary conquest of Constantinople. b. As far as the Muslims were concerned, the Crusades had little impact on the Islamic world c. The Crusades helped to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East. d. The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world. e. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was established and controlled by the West for nearly a century in the Holy Land.

d. The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world.

Which of the following was NOT a power of the papacy immediately after 500? Select one: a. Excommunication b. Sponsorship of missionary activity c. Regulation of doctrine or dogma d. The appointment of all bishops e. The ability to send directives and receive information

d. The appointment of all bishops

Benedict of Nursia was responsible for what accomplishment in the 6th century? Select one: a. The conversion of the Franks in 596 b. The banning of lay investiture among kings c. Victory over the Muslims at Tours d. The creation of a set of rules for monasteries e. The conquest of Constantinople

d. The creation of a set of rules for monasteries

In what way was the educational system of the medieval West different from that of China? Select one: a. The West abandoned its classical heritage. b. In the West, there were no state bureaucracies to hire university graduates. c. The West lacked a formal system of education. d. The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system. e. University education was secular-based.

d. The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system.

Which of the following was NOT a benefit of the monastic movement in western Europe? Select one: a. They disciplined the intense spirituality of the medieval West in order to promote Christian unity. b. By copying ancient texts, monks preserved classical culture for later intellectual inquiry. c. Monks exemplified holy lives for church members and church leadership. d. Their political organization provided the foundation for the political order established in France, Germany, and England. e. Many monasteries helped improve the cultivation of the land.

d. Their political organization provided the foundation for the political order established in France, Germany, and England.

In what year did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade? Select one: a. 1130 b. 1236 c. 1453 d. 1066 e. 1095

e. 1095

Which of the following statements about feudalism is most accurate? Select one: a. Feudalism represented only a brief, and largely unsatisfactory, attempt to create political stability in western Europe. b. Feudalism produced centralized monarchies by the 8th century. c. Feudalism caused rapid economic gains in all parts of Europe including England. d. Although it provided initial political stability, feudalism was rapidly replaced by a western European imperial system. e. Although it inhibited the development of strong central states, some kings were able to use feudalism to build their own power.

e. Although it inhibited the development of strong central states, some kings were able to use feudalism to build their own power.

Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization after the 10th century in Europe? Select one: a. Spain and Poland b. England and Scandinavia c. France and the Holy Roman Empire d. England and France e. Italy and the Low Countries

e. Italy and the Low Countries

Which of the following statements concerning the impact of Christianity on polytheistic religions in western Europe is most accurate? Select one: a. Few polytheistic religions existed in Europe during the Middle Ages, but their influences grew. b. Christianity eradicated all traces of those earlier religions as the new religion became universal in western Europe. c. Although Christianity made inroads, many areas of Europe retained polytheistic beliefs and rejected the new religion. d. Small islands of polytheistic belief remained, but most Europeans converted from polytheistic faiths in the initial post-classical centuries. e. The process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity.

e. The process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity.

Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is NOT true? Select one: a. They were obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land. b. They retained essential ownership of their houses. c. They had heavy obligations to their lords. d. They received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords. e. They could be bought and sold by their landlords.

e. They could be bought and sold by their landlords.

Who were the Scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval West until the 10th century? Select one: a. Mongols b. Chinese c. Turks d. Muslims e. Vikings

e. Vikings

All of the following were functions of the merchant and artisan guilds EXCEPT Select one: a. regulation of apprenticeship. b. limitation of membership. c. guaranteeing good workmanship in their products. d. giving its members an equal share in resources. e. ensuring a free-market economy.

e. ensuring a free-market economy.

The members of the military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called Select one: a. lords. b. fiefs. c. serfs. d. benefices. e. vassals.

e. vassals.