chapter 10 and 11.3 history test

How did the introduction of larger horses lead to the use of heavily armored knights?

They were able to wear more armor because the horses could carry more weight.

in the year ____, the ____ recognized the rights and obligations for the king and vassals

1215, Magna Carta

technology

a manner of accomplishing a task using technical processes, methods, or knowledge

As trade grew in medieval Europe, so did demand for

silver and gold coins

Where were Europe's main medieval trading centers?

Europe's main medieval trading centers were Venice in Italy and towns in Flanders along the coast of present day Belgium and northern France

What internal and external factors after Charlemagne's death weakened kingdoms in Europe?

When he died he left the land to his 3 grandsons, which divided the land into 3 parts

How did feudalism develop?

feudalism developed by vikings posing a large threat to the safety of people in Europe, so rulers found it more difficult it to defend their subjects

what was feudalism, and how did it influence medieval Europe?

feudalism was a political and social order that people began to turn to local landed aristocrats to protect them. it influenced medieval Europe by finding a powerful lord for protection the people would give him service

Philip II Augustus was instrumental in strengthening

france

what were the factors that contributed to the shift from a barter economy to a money economy in the high Middle Ages?

gold and silver coins were used in exchange for goods. this system was the beginning of commercial capitalism

manor

in medieval Europe, an agricultural estate that a lord ran and peasants worked

chivalry

in the Middle Ages, the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold

William of __________ conquered England in the year ____________________

normandy, 1066

what was the status of medieval vassals

the status of medieval vassals were hierarchy where you fall, upper class, and wealthy

what were the three classes or orders that divided medieval society?

the three classes or orders that divided medieval society are those who prayed, worked, and fought

how did the use of iron affect farming?

the use of iron affected medieval farming grow. caruca was the first tool made out of iron, helping farming expand. it also increased food production and made farming more efficient

the battle of Hastings determined the language and ruling class of ____ in the high Middle Ages

England

King _____ fought English dominance and gained control of several French territories, King _____ was known for trying to bring justice to the people, and King _____ created a French parliament.

Philip 2 augustus, luis 9, philip 4

Why was land the most important gift a lord could give a vassal?

With no official currency established, land became the actual currency. Because of this land was highly valued.

carruca

a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare

the establishment of the ____ brought representative government to England

parliament

which of following was an expectation of knights under the chivalric code

to treat prisoners with respect and dignity

early Japan was mostly a farming society but ____ did begin develop during the ____ period

trade, Kamakura

vassal

under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity

which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in the development of English law?

Norman conquest, common law, Magna Carta, parliament

contract

a binding agreement between two or more people or parties

foreign trade, mainly with ____ and ____ began during the eleventh century

china, Korea

enable

to make possible

Why did the collapse of governments lead to the new political and social order known as feudalism?

Because people got scared of the vikings and ran to the nobles for help.

King _____ and his successors attempted to rule both Germany and _____ as the _____ Empire.

Otto 1, italy, holy roman

What factors helped the Vikings invade Europe successfully?

They were excellent warriors, ship builders, and sailors.

crucial

essential; important

After Shotoku Taishi's death in 622, three periods followed before the collapse of central rule: the ____ and ____ periods and the period of the ____

nara, Helen, kamakura shagunate

French territories, including ____ and Maine, were reclaimed from the English by____

normandy, Philip II Augustus

the ____, which lasted from 1467 to 1477, led to the virtual destruction of the capital city of ___

onion war, kyoto

the representative government that emerged in thirteenth-century England was called

parliament

the manorial system included

serfs and nobles

What was the feudal contract?

the feudal contract was a set of unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and its vassal

in what ways were knights central to feudalism

the knights were central to feudalism by having great prestige and formed the backbone at the European aristocracy

fief

under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal; the vassal held political authority within his fief

What factors led to the population growth in the High Middle Ages?

1.conditions in Europe were more settled & peaceful after invasions of early Middle Ages stopped. 2.expansion in food production

the eastern slavs who lived in present-day Ukraine and Russia were conquered by ____, who were in turn conquered by ____. ____, the first Russian state, ended in 1169

Swedish vikings, the mongols, principality of Kiev

When did townspeople gain new rights and why?

Towns people gained new right in 1100. they needed freedom for trade and they wanted their own unique laws and willing to pay for it

serf

a peasant, or farmer, who is tied to the land and ruled by a lord

the most important gift a lord could give to a vassal was

a piece of land

which of the following was a result of a climate change during the high Middle Ages?

increased food production

after driving out the Chinese in the A.D. 200s, three separate kingdoms emerged in Korea: ____, ____, and ____

kaguryo, paekche, silla

William the conqueror led an invasion that

merged Anglo-Saxon and French cultures

Some eastern Slavic peoples were converted to _____ by the missionary brothers, _____ and _____.

orthodox Christianity, Cyril, methodius

Caught up in disputes with _____ in Italy, and the _____ in German lands, the emperor had no real power in either part of his empire.

pope, lords

how did the concept of chivalry influence medieval life?

the concept of chivalry influenced medieval life by a code of ethics that knights were suppressed to uphold

Who were the nobility during the Middle Ages?

the nobility during the Middle Ages were kings, dukes, counts, barons, and bishops who had large landed estates and considerable political power in society

knights

under feudalism, a member of the heavily armored cavalry

When the Carolingian Empire was divided in 843 into _____ sections, the western Frankish lands formed the kingdom of _____.

3, france

How did new farming methods benefit Europe in the Middle Ages?

Because society was dependent upon agriculture, the new farming methods helped to produce more food more efficiently. The people began to use a three-field crop rotation to increase food production. This allowed for one field to be planted in the fall with grains, another field to be planted in the spring with grains, and the third field to lie fallow.

How can changes to political systems impact economic activities? How is society influenced by changes in political and economic systems?

Changes to political systems can impact economic activities because they can make the economy rise significantly or drop dramatically. Society is influenced by the changes because if the economy changes, so does everyone's life.

who owned the land that serfs farmed?

Lord owned the land, or manor which was an agriculture estates that a lord ran and peasants worked in

the Hanseatic league was instrumental in

Protecting trade and promoting the economy in Northern Europe

What was life like for nobles and peasants under the economic system of manorialism?

Under manorialism, a lord owned a plot of land which he would allow peasants and serfs to work on. Serfs would work the land of their lord, but would also have a portion of land to work themselves. Serfs would not be able to leave the manor. Lords had a lot of leisure time and were usually warriors.

Why did the collapse of governments lead to the new political and social order known as feudalism?

With no one to rule, people fled the cities and started to take refuge in rural areas. However, in order to remain safe, many people offered protection in exchange for land from a lord. This is known as a lord-vassal relationship. This relationship is known as feudalism.

which of the following was a code of ethics knights were to uphold?

chivalry

how did increased trade give rise to commercial capitalism?

increased trade gave ride to commercial capitalism by new trading companies and banking firms were set up to manage exchange and sale of goods. these new practices led to the rise of commercial capitalism

which of the following names two problems facing Western Europe after the death of Charlemagne?

invasions from northern peoples and internal division

finally, in the early tenth century, a new dynasty called ____ arose in the north, which adopted ____ political institutions

koryo, Japanese

although women did not possess the full ____ and social ____ of men, they played an active role at various levels of society and some became known for their artistic talents

legal, rights

which of the following helped revolutionize farming practices in medieval Europe?

manorial system

merchants would settle along routes and nobles would provide protection. why?

merchants and artisans became the bourgeoisie (middle class)

king Henry II expanded the power of the English ____; he strengthened the power of the royal ____ and struggled for power over the ____

monarchy, monarchy, church

the ancestors of present-day Japanese settled near the modern cities of ____ and ____. eventually, one ruler of the ____ clan achieved supremacy over the others and became, in effect, ruler of Japan

osaka, kyoto, Yamato

what was the status of medieval women?

the status of medieval women were controlled by men/fathers. fathers until marriage and men when married

List the three features of chivalry

1. Respect all women 2. Uphold the values of the church 3. Treat prisoners of war/captives with respect

How was European feudal society structured?

In feudal society, loyalty to one's lord was the chief virtue. The relationship between lord and vassal was made official by a ceremony. To become a vassal, a man performed an act of homage to his lord: The man should put his hands together as a sign of humility, and place them between the two hands of his lord as a token that he vows everything to him and promises faith to him; and the lord should receive him and promise to keep faith with him. Then the man should say: 'Sir, I enter your homage and faith and become your man by mouth and hands, and I swear and promise to keep faith and loyalty to you against all others.'

How was European feudal society structured?

Kings gave the lords land and workers in exchange for loyalty in the military, lords gave knights/vassals land and food in exchange for military protection for the king, knights/vassals gave the peasants/serfs protection and land in exchange for rent and working land

how does capitalism of the high middle ages compare with capitalism today?

capitalism of the high Middle Ages, products are not always acceptable or easy to divide for payment. today, we use money to buy and sell goods freely.

feudalism

political and social order that developed during the Middle Ages when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service

How did craft guilds improve economic conditions in cities?

set quality standards for goods produced

what benefits did guilds offer craftspeople?

setting standards, prices for merchandise, perfecting the crafts, and limiting the amount of people in trade routes

the beliefs of early Japanese people evolved into a religion called ____. however, it did not satisfy the spiritual needs of all the Japanese people, and some turned to ____

shinto, buddhism

in the early seventh century, ____ tried to unify the various clans. eventually he would begin to create a new centralized ____ system of government, based roughly on the ____ system of government

shotoku taishi, Japanese, Chinese

the ____ peoples of ____ Europe divided into three major groups, each of which formed new kingdoms

slavic, central

what were the rights and responsibilities of lords?

some rights were the serfs not leaving the manor without the lords permission, the right to try the peasants in their own court the responsibilities, of the lord was to protect his serfs by giving them safety to the farm land

gradually, with the support of the ____ dynasty of china, the kingdom of ____ gained control of the peninsula

tang, silla

what conditions and factors led to the growth of independent medieval cities?

technology, population growth, improving of crafts, and increased trade led to development

How was the Carolingian Empire divided after Charlemagne's death in 814?

the Carolingian empire was divided into 3 major sections: west Frankish lands, eastern Frankish lands, and the Middle Kingdom

What change in crop rotation increased farm yields?

the change in crop rotation improved food production. instead of dividing their land into 2 fields like they once did but was unsuccessful, so they divided it into 3

Who were the Norsemen, and what effect did they have on western Europe?

the norsemen were germanic people and they invaded areas of Europe, sacked villages and towns, destroyed churches, and easily defeated small local armies

what purposes did castles serve in medieval society?

the purposes castles served in medieval society were the power bases. they were built to see and be seen. they were watch towers

by what means did European kingdoms develop during the late Middle Ages?

they developed by conquering the lands of weaker kingdom and exploiting their resources. another method is by marrying their children to the children of another kingdom and unite their power

what characterized the politics and cultural life of early japan?

they tried to reform their government based Chinese model, increased the power of samurai, powerful aristocrats took control and kamakura civil war

feudal contract

under feudalism, the unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

which of these would directly serve both lords and kings?

vassals

Philip II Augustus greatly increased the power of the French monarchy by

waging war on the rulers of England and gaining control of normandy, Maine, Anjou, and aquitaine

describe the role war played in medieval society

war was the natural state of life. the more they won in battle, the larger their reputation came. their reputation became so large it almost became a myth