Chapter 10 Cognitive Psychology: Visual Imagery

In drawing conclusions about the relationship between imagery and perception, a notable difference between them is that

it is harder to manipulate images than perceptual images

The lesson to be learned from the imagery techniques for memory enhancement (for example, the pegword technique) is that these techniques work because

they showcase the fact that memory improvement requires a great deal of practice and perseverance

Ganis and coworkers used fMRI to measure brain activation for perception and imagery of objects. Their results showed that

Perception and imagery activate the same areas of the frontal lobe, but perception activates more of the back of the brain than imagery does.

Which type of research employed a "train on perception, test on perception" method to demonstrate imagery/perception overlap?

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Amedi and coworkers used fMRI to investigate the differences between brain activation for perception and imagery. Their findings showed that when participants were ____, some areas associated with non-visual sensation (such as hearing and touch) were ____.

using visual images; deactivated

According to the concept of topographical mapping, which of the following stimuli encountered on a beach trip will activate the farthest forward in the visual cortex?

A pink beachball on your towel

Suppose that, as a participant in an imagery study, you are asked to memorize the four outside walls of a three-story rectangular house. Later, you are asked to report how many windows are on the front of the house. You will probably be fastest to answer this question if you create an image as though you were standing

At the far side of the front yard, away from the house

Measuring the amount of time a person requires to complete different cognitive tasks is the goal of mental ________

Chronometry

Mental-scanning experiments found

Direct relationship between scanning time and distance on the image

What is likely to occur if a person sustains damage to the parietal lobe of the brain?

Image processing will be reduced by half

Perky's experiment, in which participants were asked to "project" visual images of common objects onto a screen, showed that

Imagery and perception can interact with one another

Shepard and Metzler's "image rotation" experiment was so influential and important to the study of cognition because it demonstrated

Imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms.

"Early" research of imagery (beginning with Aristotle until just prior to the dominance of behaviorism) proposed all of the following ideas EXCEPT

Imagery requires a special mechanism

Suppose we ask people to perform the following cognitive tasks. Which is LEAST likely to strongly activate the visual cortex?

Imagine the meaning of the word "ethics"

Ira and his sister are playing "Name that Tune," the object of which is to name the title of the song when given the song's first line. Ira suggests the line "Sleigh bells ring, are you listening?" His sister can't come up with the answer at first, but realizing that the title is often embedded in the lyrics, she tries to sing them silently to herself. She then bursts out "Ah! It's 'Winter Wonderland'!" It is most likely that Ira's sister used _____ in playing the game.

Inner audition

A spatial imagery test measures a person's capacity with imaging which of the following?

Layout

Perky's imagery study (1910) had participants describe images of objects that were dimly projected onto a screen. The significance of Perky's results was that

People were influenced by the projected images when forming their mental images, even when they were unaware that the projected images were present.

"3 X + 9 - 16" is a _________ represenation

Propositional

As described in your text, the pegword technique relies on all of the following EXCEPT

Propositions

Your text describes the case of M.G.S. who underwent brain surgery as treatment for severe epilepsy. Testing of M.G.S. pre- and post-surgery revealed that the right visual cortex is involved in the

Size of the field of view

A mental rotation task is focused on the __________ aspect of imagery

Spatial

Kossyln interpreted the results of his research on imagery (such as the island experiment) as supporting the ideas that the mechanism responsible for imagery involves ___________ representations

Spatial

Trinh is a famous chef. Since she does not like to share her secret family recipes, she does not write down her special creations, which makes it difficult to to remember their ingredients. To aid her memory, she has created a unique "mental walk" that she takes to recall each recipe. For each one, she has a familiar "route" she can imaging by walking through (e.g., from the end of her driveway to her living room) where she places each item in the recipe somewhere along the way (e.g., fish sauce splattered on the front door.) By doing so, Trinh is using ____________ to organize her memories.

The method of loci

Leaving a footprint in the wet sand- with a deep indentation for the heel, a rise for the arch, and each toe clearly identified-- is similar to which concept?

Topographical map

Imagery neurons respond to

an actual visual image as well as imagining that same image

Mental imagery involves

experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input

In drawing conclusions about the relationship between imagery and perception, a notable difference between them is that

it is harder to manipulate mental images than perceptual images

The scanning task used by Kosslyn involves

mental images

Kosslyn's island experiment used the _____ procedure.

mental scanning

Kosslyn concluded that the image field is limited in size. This conclusion was drawn from the _____ experiment.

mental walk

Your text describes imagery performance of a patient with unilateral neglect. The patient was asked to imagine himself standing at one end of a familiar plaza and to report the objects he saw. His behavior shows that...

neglect always occurred on the left side of the image, with "left side" being determined by the direction in which the patient imagined he was positioned

The pegword technique is particularly suitable for use when you need to remember items based on their

order

Luis is taking his girlfriend, Rosa, to a resort town neither one of them has visited. Luis wants to make a good impression on Rosa, so he spends the week before the trip reading about fun places to go while they are there. He also memorizes a map of the small resort town so he can lead her around without bothering to ask for directions. When they arrive, they first visit a botanical garden. When Rosa says, "Where to next?" Luis conjures a mental image of the map and says, "art museum." Let's assume the garden was six inches due south on the map and that it took Luis four seconds to scan the map image between the two. After they visit the museum, Luis takes Rosa to a fancy restaurant. On the map, the restaurant was three inches northwest of the museum, so it is most likely that when Luis scanned the image to find the restaurant, the scan took approximately _____ seconds.

two