Chapter 10

Normal blood pH falls in a range between __________ to __________.

7.35; 7.45

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is: A) 100-120 days B) one year C) the body's lifetime D) 50-75 days E) 20-30 days

A) 100-120 days

A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies: A) antigen B) antibody C) fibrinogen D) prothrombin activator E) interleukin

A) antigen

The hormone that regulates the rate of erythrocyte production is called: A) erythropoietin B) leukopoietin C) vasopressin D) thrombopoietin E) renin

A) erythropoietin

Which one of the following cells are classified as granulocytes: A) neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils B) eosinophils and monocytes C) basophils and eosinophils D) lymphocytes and monocytes E) neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils

A) neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Erythropoeitin is a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to low levels of: A) oxygen B) platelets C) leukocytes D) erythrocytes E) carbon dioxide

A) oxygen

The matrix of blood is called: A) plasma B) formed elements C) lymphocytes D) buffy coat E) erythrocytes

A) plasma

Which of the following red blood cell disorders may result from life at a higher altitude: A) polycythemia B) hemolytic anemia C) sickle cell anemia D) pernicious anemia E) aplastic anemia

A) polycythemia

Which chemical is released to bring about vasoconstriction during the vascular spasm phase of hemostasis: A) serotonin B) interleukin C) thrombopoietin D) renin E) erythropoietin

A) serotonin

Treatment of hemophilia often involves: A) transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor B) transfusion of plasma and vitamin K supplements C) vitamin K supplements and B12 injections D) injections of missing clotting factors and B12 injections E) vitamin K supplements only

A) transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor

Normal whole blood contains __________ g of hemoglobin per 100 mL. A) 4-8 B) 12-18 C) 15-20 D) 30-35 E) 42-48

B) 12-18

Which of the following values is typical for the number of white blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood: A) 1,000 B) 5,000 C) 25,000 D) 50,000 E) 1 million

B) 5,000

Which one of the following formed elements is the most abundant: A) platelets B) erythrocytes C) lymphocytes D) eosinophils E) basophils

B) erythrocytes

Which of the following is a blood clotting disorder: A) anemia B) hemophilia C) polycythemia D) leukocytosis E) leukopenia

B) hemophilia

The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called: A) erythropoiesis B) hemostasis C) agglutination D) homeostasis E) coagulation

B) hemostasis

Erythrocytes: A) travel by diapedesis through the walls of vessels B) lack a nucleus and most organelles C) are the least common of all formed elements D) possess lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules E) clot blood

B) lack a nucleus and most organelles

Megakaryocytes pinch off anucleate fragments called: A) agranulocytes B) platelets C) granulocytes D) erythrocytes E) neutrophils

B) platelets

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) __________

B;O

he blood type that possesses the A antigen only

Blood type A

The blood type that can receive blood types B and O only

Blood type B

The blood type known as the universal donor

Blood type O

The blood type that forms anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Blood type O

The blood type that has no antigens

Blood type O

The universal recipient has blood type: A) A B) B C) AB D) O E) ABO

C) AB

Physiologic jaundice occurring in newborns results from: A) erythrocyte mutations B) a diseased gallbladder that needs to be removed C) accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells D) liver disorders E) vitamin deficiencies

C) accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells

The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump is called: A) coagulation B) hemolysis C) agglutination D) hemostasis E) clotting cascade

C) agglutination

Leukocytosis most likely indicates: A) low WBC count B) bone marrow cancer C) bacterial or viral infection D) excess RBCs E) life at a higher altitude

C) bacterial or viral infection

Hematocrit is the percentage of: A) platelets in blood B) formed elements in blood C) erythrocytes in blood D) plasma in blood E) leukocytes in blood

C) erythrocytes in blood

Which of the following insoluble fibers forms a mesh network and the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation: A) hemoglobin B) fibrinogen C) fibrin D) albumin E) thrombin

C) fibrin

The most numerous white blood cells are the: A) lymphocytes B) eosinophils C) neutrophils D) monocytes E) basophils

C) neutrophils

Where does hematopoiesis produce new red blood cells: A) epiphyseal line B) yellow bone marrow C) red bone marrow D) articular cartilage E) synovial membrane

C) red bone marrow

Blood normally clots in approximately: A) 30 minutes B) 15 minutes C) 1 minute D) 3 to 6 minutes E) 5 to 10 minutes

D) 3 to 6 minutes

The most common type of blood in the U.S. population is: A) A B) B C) AB D) O E) AO

D) O

The organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the: A) spleen B) pancreas C) kidneys D) thyroid E) liver

E) liver

Severe shock occurs with blood loss of: A) over 5 percent B) over 20 percent C) over 50 percent D) over 10 percent E) over 30 percent

E) over 30 percent

An immature RBC which contains some endoplasmic reticulum is called a: A) agranulocyte B) megakaryocyte C) hemocytoblast D) granulocyte E) reticulocyte

E) reticulocyte

Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of which one of the following vitamins: A) vitamin C B) vitamin A C) vitamin D D) vitamin B12 E) vitamin K

E) vitamin K

An excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes in blood is termed anemia

False

Basophils are the most numerous type of leukocyte.

False

Blood type A can receive blood from blood types A and AB during a transfusion.

False

Erythropoeitin is released to stimulate platelet production in response to inadequate amounts of oxygen in the blood.

False

The temperature of blood is slightly lower than body temperature.

False

Universal donors can receive blood groups A, B, AB, and O.

False

eukocytes are more numerous in blood than erythrocytes.

False

The universal donor blood type that can donate to any blood group is type __________.

O

A phlebotomist collects and processes blood samples for laboratory analysis.

True

All formed elements arise from a common type of stem cell called a hemocytoblast.

True

Antigens are substances the body recognizes as foreign.

True

Blood plasma makes up the majority of the blood content.

True

Normal blood volume in healthy males is 5-6 liters.

True

Normal pH of blood is between 7.35 and 7.45.

True

Rh-related problems occur in pregnant Rh- women carrying an Rh+ baby.

True

The amount of hemoglobin contained within a RBC determines its capability to transport oxygen.

True

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or __________ occurs.

agglutination

The plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is __________.

albumin

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called __________.

antigens

A thrombus that has broken away from a vessel wall and is freely floating in the bloodstream is called an

embolus

Type of cell produced in response to erythropoietin

erythrocyte

Type of cell that transports carbon dioxide

erythrocyte

Immature form of this cell is called a reticulocyte

erythrocytes

Most common type of blood cell

erythrocytes

Type of cell that contains hemoglobin for gas transport

erythrocytes

White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as __________.

granulocytes

The stem cell that gives rise to all formed elements is the __________.

hemocytoblast

The iron-containing protein found in RBCs that transports the majority of oxygen carried in the blood is __________.

hemoglobin

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs is called

hemolytic disease of the newborn

22) Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as __________.

hemophilia

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called __________.

hemostasis

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called __________.

hysiologic jaundice

Alternate name for white blood cell

leukocyte

Type of cell that contains a nucleus and organelles

leukocyte

Excess numbers of these cells cause leukocytosis

leukocytes

White blood cells are also called __________.

leukocytes

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells causes a condition known as:

leukopenia

Cell fragments that from the rupture of a megakaryocyte

platelets

Type of cell fragment involved in hemostasis

platelets

The red blood cell disorder caused by life at a high altitude is called __________.

polycythemia

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh _________

positive

The inherited type of anemia that causes spiky and sharp red blood cells is called __________.

sickle cell anemia

An insufficiency of circulating platelets is called __________

thrombocytopenia

The normal number of erythrocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood is approximately __________.

5 million

Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis: A) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation B) coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm C) platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm D) vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation E) coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation

A) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

The blood type that contains antigens A and B is __________.

AB

Hemolysis most likely will occur when: A) an Rh negative person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh positive B) any person receives blood type O during a transfusion C) an Rh positive person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh negative D) an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive E) platelets cling to the ruptured endothelium of a blood vessel

D) an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive

The ion essential for blood clotting is: A) iodine B) potassium C) sodium D) calcium E) hydrogen

D) calcium

Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called: A) erythrocytes B) macrophages C) eosinophils D) megakaryocytes E) basophils

D) megakaryocytes

The type of leukocytes that become macrophages in the tissues are: A) lymphocytes B) eosinophils C) neutrophils D) monocytes E) basophils

D) monocytes

Which one of the following is NOT a physical characteristic of blood: A) sticky B) opaque C) alkaline D) sweet tasting E) heavier than water

D) sweet tasting

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is: A) agglutinin B) HepBIg C) serotonin D) interleukin E) RhoGAM

E) RhoGAM

White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain: A) the ability to transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide B) the iron-containing molecule called hemoglobin C) a biconcave shape D) cytoplasm E) a nucleus and most organelles

E) a nucleus and most organelles

Which type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant: A) neutrophil B) eosinophil C) monocyte D) lymphocyte E) basophil

E) basophil

Which type of granulocyte produces histamine during the inflammatory response: A) neutrophils B) monocytes C) lymphocytes D) eosinophils E) basophils

E) basophils

Which blood type contains the A antigen only: A) blood type B B) blood type AB C) blood type O D) blood types A and AB E) blood type A

E) blood type A

Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive: A) blood types A, B, AB, or O B) blood type A C) blood type AB D) blood type B E) blood type O

E) blood type O

Which of these blood types carries no antigens: A) blood type AB B) blood types A, B, and AB C) blood type A D) blood type B E) blood type O

E) blood type O

The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostasis is termed: A) positive chemotaxis B) agglutination C) hematopoiesis D) diapedesis E) coagulation

E) coagulation

Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called: A) hemolysis B) transfusion reaction C) hemodialysis D) blood typing E) cross matching

E) cross matching

A clot that breaks away from a vessel wall and circulates freely within the bloodstream is called a(n): A) fibrin B) thromboplastin C) clotting cascade D) thrombus E) embolus

E) embolus

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat between the formed elements and the plasma contains: A) platelets and erythrocytes B) eythrocytes only C) leukocytes only D) leukocytes and erythrocytes E) leukocytes and platelets

E) leukocytes and platelets

The process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed __________.

diapedesis