Chapter 10 . Emerging into Adulthood, and Constructing an Adult Life

About _____ U.S. teenagers do NOT enroll in college after high school. 2 in 3 1 in 2 1 in 3 1 in 4

1 in 3

About _____ U.S. teenagers enroll in college after high school. 1 in 3 1 in 2 2 in 3 3 in 4

2 in 3

According to the text, the 2010 unemployment rate for college graduates under age 25 was ____ percent. The corresponding rate for males aged 16 to 25 without a college degree was ____ percent. 5; 15 5; 25 9; 15 9; 25

9; 25

According to the text, the 2010 unemployment rate for college graduates under age 25 was ____ percent. The corresponding rate for males aged 16 to 25 without a college degree was ____ percent. 5; 15 5; 25 9; 15 9; 25

9; 25

_____ is the primary function of emerging adulthood. Exploration Foreclosure Incorrect: Moratorium Moratorium Cohabitation

Exploration

Which nation offers a well-structured school-to-work transition? United States Canada Germany Australia

Germany

Who is MOST likely to be worried about a social clock issue? Carrie, who is pregnant and married at age 19 Jason, age 23, who is moving back home after college Yuki, who is moving to the United States from Japan at age 25 Matt, who is applying to medical school at age 40

Matt, who is applying to medical school at age 40

Between the ages of about 20 and 70, a person's _____ declines by approximately 30 to 40 percent. height lung capacity muscle mass intelligence

Muscle mass

The text places the origin of the gay rights movement in: San Francisco in the late 1960s. San Francisco in the 1970s. New York City in the late 1960s. New York City in the late 1950s.

New York City in the late 1960s

In which country does leaving home during emerging adulthood rarely result in a decrease in parent-child conflict? Great Britain Portugal the United States Norway

Portugal

Early in psychology's history, the psychoanalytic pioneer _____ stated that ideal mental health consists of the ability to love and work. Erik Erikson Sigmund Freud Urie Bronfenbrenner Jean Piaget

Sigmund Freud

The initial _____ phase of Bernard Murstein's mate-selection theory involves viewing a potential partner based on external attributes such as looks and style of dress. stimulus role attachment value-comparison

Stimulus

Which statement regarding teens' tendency to entertain high career aspirations is true? -The adolescent tendency to entertain unrealistic career aspirations varies little with socioeconomic status. -Today's teens are less apt to entertain high career aspirations than their counterparts did in decades past. -Adolescent boys are more likely to entertain high career aspirations than are teenage girls. -Adolescents with higher socioeconomic status entertain higher career aspirations than do adolescents with lower socioeconomic status.

The adolescent tendency to entertain unrealistic career aspirations varies little with socioeconomic status

Michael, Andrea, Shantelle, and Miriam are all emerging adults. If a researcher were to follow them from ages 17 to 27, what is the researcher MOST likely to find in terms of their romantic commitments and financial independence? There will be significant variability for both of these variables. They will all show increased romantic commitment and increased financial independence over time. They will all show increased financial independence with time, but romantic commitment will be variable. They will all show increased romantic commitment with time, but financial independence will be variable.

There will be significant variability for both of these variables

According to the text, what is the main reason that emerging adults drop out of college? -They do not believe that a college degree will help them in the workforce. -They have to work full time to pay for school, and the strain becomes too much. -They cannot find a major that interests them. -They find the academic work too difficult.

They have to work full time to pay for school, and the strain becomes too much.

Which statement about people in satisfying relationships is false? They overestimate the extent to which they and their mate are alike. They pick people who have different values and goals. They inflate their partner's virtues. They pick people who embody their ideal selves.

They pick people who have different values and goals.

In the Western world, a key aspect to becoming an adult is: getting married. taking care of one's parents. accepting responsibility. getting a college degree.

accepting responsibility

In a study reported in the text, out of 47 young people who reported negative experiences on Facebook related to their relationships, ____ still maintained a Facebook page. none about half almost all all

almost all

Homophobia is: a secret interest in homosexuals. sexual arousal by a member of the same sex. an intense fear and dislike of homosexuals. physical aggression toward homosexuals.

an intense fear and dislike of homosexuals

The text suggests that one way to improve the lives of emerging adults is to: assist them in the school-to-work transition. help them to apply to colleges. help them to apply for student loans. discourage them from going to college.

assist them in the school-to-work transition

According to research in the text, an appropriate level of Facebook interaction between romantic partners is making: one caring comment each week. at least one caring comment each day. ten caring comments each week. at least five caring comments each day.

at least one caring comment each day

According to Erikson, a young person who has no adult path chosen and thus drifts aimlessly is experiencing: moratorium. confusion. isolation. despair.

confusion

According to the text, which personality trait is most positively correlated to the successful negotiation of the emerging adulthood years? openness to experience extraversion agreeableness conscientiousness

conscientiousness

According to Erikson, the major goal of adolescent development is: learning to think abstractly. learning to deal with sexuality. developing a sense of identity. developing a sense of competence.

developing a sense of identity

From the late teens into the mid-20s, individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood. beginning emerging developing formative

emerging

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life many developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood. developing emerging formative beginning

emerging

Emerging adulthood is: a stage of development relevant in the 20th century but not relevant today. a universal stage of development around the world. experienced only by people in the developed world. experienced only by people in the developing world.

experienced only by people in the developed world

Sara is off time in her development. This means that she: has not entered the expected life roles (i.e., marriage or parenthood) at the normal age for her culture. has entered the expected life roles at the right timetable for her culture. is intellectually behind or ahead of the average person in her culture. acts too mature or immature for her age.

has not entered the expected life role at the normal age for her culture

Children raised in lesbian families: get spanked and hit more often than children raised by heterosexuals. tend to become lesbian or gay themselves. have no problems with their gender identity and show no signs of impaired mental health. show serious signs of gender confusion.

have no problems with their gender identity and show no signs of impaired mental health

According to Arnett, emerging adults are usually: accepting of the fact that they need to grow up but unhappy about it. fearful of the future. highly pessimistic about what lies ahead. highly optimistic about what lies ahead.

highly optimistic about what lies ahead

When an emerging adult settles on an identity, it is referred to as: identity foreclosure. identify diffusion. identity achievement. moratorium.

identity achievement

Alice doesn't find any option for her future very appealing. She is MOST likely experiencing what Marcia calls: identify diffusion. identity foreclosure. moratorium. identity achievement.

identity diffusion

Many troubled teens experience what Marcia calls: identity achievement. moratorium. identity foreclosure. identify diffusion.

identity diffusion

Erik Erikson stressed the importance of _____ during adolescence. a sense of autonomy basic trust identity formation industry and inferiority

identity formation

Choose the set of influences that helped to promote emerging adulthood as a distinct life stage. more government involvement and increased longevity increased socioeconomic status and improved prenatal care increased longevity, the need for more education, and social changes improved postnatal care and access to high school

increased longevity; the need of more education, and social changes

The adult attachment categories are based on Mary Ainsworth's: security-seeking attachment styles. identity statuses. preschool attachment styles. infant attachment styles.

infant attachment styles

Erikson's adult task, involving connecting with a partner in a mutual loving relationship is called: industry. intimacy. generativity. foreclosure.

intimacy

Erikson's adult task, involving connecting with a partner in a mutual loving relationship is called: industry. intimacy. generativity. foreclosure.

intimacy

At what age are people likely to first fully think about life in a mature, adult way? late 30s late 20s around 21 late teens

late 20s

In Italy and Spain, emerging adults: find a job right out of high school. live with their parents into their late twenties. leave their parents' home as early as age 16. frequently cohabitate.

live with their parents into their late twenties

Researchers assessed depressive symptoms among a sample of 1,000 emerging adults (Frye & Liem, 2011). The researchers followed the sample for several years, from age 18 into the early 20s. Since the investigators tracked a single age group over an extended period, the study exemplifies the _____ design in developmental research. longitudinal naturalistic experience-sampling cross-sectional

longitudinal

The text reports the results of large surveys of American college graduates regarding their college experience. What was one result? -Very few students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them find a career. -Few students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them grow intellectually. -Many students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them grow intellectually. -Many students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them build their professional social network.

mezmur Amlak hoy wedegna batmeta Many students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them grow intellectually.

According to Erikson, a young person who is seeking an adult path is experiencing: moratorium. confusion. despair. isolation.

moratorium

Both Marcia and Erikson agree that _____ is critical to achieving identity. identity foreclosure moratorium grief identify diffusion

moratorium

Fifteen-year-old Melanie thinks she may be a lesbian, but she is not sure. She is exploring gay and lesbian literature and has read some of the scientific literature on homosexuality. By contrast, 16-year-old Nancy self-identifies as a lesbian and sometimes participates in social events for gay and lesbian youth at a local community center. In Marcia's terms, Melanie is in the _____ stage of identity development, while Nancy reflects the _____ stage. moratorium; achievement diffusion; foreclosure moratorium; foreclosure diffusion; achievement

moratorium; achievement

Regarding people's perceptions of their romantic partners, researchers (Murray & Holmes, 1997, Murray and others, 2000) have found that people: -overestimate not only their similarity to a partner but also a partner's positive qualities. -underestimate their similarity to a partner. -rarely overestimate a partner's positive qualities. -accurately gauge their similarity to a partner.

overestimate not only their similarity to a partner but also a partner's positive qualities.

Which adult attachment style is defined by excessive jealousy, clinginess, and neediness? preoccupied/ambivalent dismissive avoidant/dismissive secure

preoccupied/ambivalent

Research in the United States suggests that for American emerging adults, leaving home: produces better parent-child relationships. is more difficult than it is for emerging adults from Portugal. produces worse parent-child relationships. has no effect on parent-child relationships.

produces better parent-child relationships

According to the text, a person from an ethnic minority may need to _____ before they can reach out fully in love. reach out to the mainstream culture stay within their own ethnic group experience identity diffusion experience discrimination

reach out to the mainstream culture

Research discussed in the text suggests that a positive consequence of having a biracial or multiracial background is increased: depression. anxiety. conscientiousness. resilience.

resilience

In the _____ phase of Bernard Murstein's mate-selection theory, committed partners work out their future lives together. role value-comparison stimulus homogamy

role

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to the characteristic behavior that is expected of a person in a particular social position such as a student, a parent, or a retiree. identity statuses age norms roles schemas

roles

Ashley just dropped out of college. According to the text, what is the MOST likely reason she did so? She had to work full time to pay for school, and the strain became too much. She found the academic work too difficult. She could not find a major that interested her. She did not believe that a college degree would help her in the workforce.

she had to work full time to pay for school, and the strain became too much

Jessica is 34-years-old and just has broken up with her long-time boyfriend. She is depressed and concerned that her plans to get married and have children by the age 35 will not happen. Jessica's inner timetable telling her where she should be at a certain stage in life is her: social clock. biological clock. moratorium. foreclosed identity.

social clock

Teena is an emerging adult. Teena MOST likely lives in: Bangladesh. Somalia. the United States. El Salvador.

the United States

As of 2012, a person with a master's degree earned about _____ compared to a person whose highest level of education was high school. half as much one and a half times as much twice as much three times as much

twice as much

According to the text the notion that today's adolescents are narcissistic and unmotivated is: accurate. a belief that is beginning to subside. substantiated by research. unfair.

unfair

Flow occurs when: a task is easy. one can rise to the challenge of a task. a task's challenge exceeds one's skill set. one is well practiced at a task.

one can rise to the challenge of a task

The phase of Bernard Murstein's mate-selection theory that involves dating to see if you and a potential mate have similar values and interests is called the _____ phase. role stimulus homogamy value-comparison

value comparison

Emerging adulthood is defined by: parenthood. stability. college. variability.

variability

In Erikson's theory, the developmental challenge faced by adolescents is one of: intimacy versus isolation. trust versus mistrust. identity versus role confusion. generativity versus stagnation.

identity versus role confusion

In Erikson's theory, the developmental challenge faced by adolescents is one of: trust versus mistrust. identity versus role confusion. intimacy versus isolation. generativity versus stagnation.

identity versus role confusion

How does nest-leaving vary by culture and ethnicity? Immigrants and ethnic minorities want their children to leave home at a young age. Parents from collectivist cultures want their children to leave home at a young age. Immigrants and ethnic minorities do not feel as compelled to leave home as European Americans. There are no cultural differences in nest leaving.

immigrants and ethnic minorities do not feel as compelled to leave home as European Americans

People experience flow: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. quite often. when they are at work. in varying ways. very rarely.

in varying ways

Joe is actively testing out various life paths. What is Joe's identity status? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. moratorium diffusion foreclosure confusion

moratorium

In the European studies described in the text, researchers compared nest-leaving to nest-residing emerging adults. Compared to the leavers, the nest-residers were: less emotionally dependent on their parents. more satisfied with life. more apt to be in a long-term relationship. more likely to be males.

more likely to be males

Being well adjusted after leaving home is correlated with the closeness of an emerging adult's relationship with his or her: siblings. father. mother. friends.

mother

Being "on time" in one's social clock means: one is adept in social situations. half of people the same age act the same way. one's behaviors are not socially appropriate. one's life milestones match the normal adult developmental timetable for one's culture.

one's life milestones match the normal adult developmental timetable for one's culture

According to Erikson, identity development involves: the task of deciding who to be as an adult. accepting socially defined adult roles. identifying with a nurturing person. deciding to model a certain person.

the task of deciding who to be as an adult

A recent study of 165 gay, bisexual, and lesbian young people found about _____ were struggling with their identity. 1 in 5 1 in 3 1 in 2 1 in 10

1 in 5

Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults earn a college degree by their mid-twenties? 10 percent 30 percent 50 percent 75 percent

30 percent

Mark's guidance counselor has suggested six different options for Mark when he graduates from high school. None of the options appeal to Mark. Mark is MOST likely experiencing what Marcia calls: identify diffusion. identity foreclosure. moratorium. identity achievement.

identify duffusion

Erik Erikson stressed the importance of _____ during adolescence. industry and inferiority identity formation a sense of autonomy basic trust

identity formation

In a study described in the text, Csikszentmihalyi and Schneider (2000) labeled young people as "_____" if they enjoyed being productive and mastering challenging tasks. achievers scholars workers jocks

workers

According to Erikson, the challenge of intimacy versus isolation occurs during: late childhood. adolescence. middle adulthood. young adulthood.

young adulthood

When Frank is asked what his religious affiliation is, he replies that he is Methodist. When asked why or how he decided on that religion, he replies, "I have always been Methodist, and my mom and dad would be upset if I chose something else." Frank's religious identity status is: moratorium. confusion. diffusion. foreclosure.

011251912173753 foreclosure

About _____ U.S. teenagers do NOT enroll in college after high school. 2 in 3 1 in 2 Correct: 1 in 3 1 in 3 1 in 4

1 in 3

A person's height peaks at age: 15. 16. 20. 26.

20

Lung capacity peaks when people are in their: mid teens. 20s. 40s. 50s.

20s

Pick the career-decision tip the text did NOT recommend. Go to college upon high school graduation, even if academics is not your thing, or else you'll never take that step. Conduct an active moratorium career search. Take time to explore various career possibilities. Use activities that give you "flow" as guidelines for choosing a satisfying career.

Go to college upon high school graduation, even if academics is not your thing, or else you'll never take that step.

How does nest-leaving vary by culture and ethnicity? Immigrants and ethnic minorities want their children to leave home at a young age. Immigrants and ethnic minorities do not feel as compelled to leave home as European Americans. Parents from collectivist cultures want their children to leave home at a young age. There are no cultural differences in nest leaving.

Immigrants and ethnic minorities do not feel as compelled to leave home as European Americans.

Researchers assessed depressive symptoms among a sample of 1,000 emerging adults (Frye & Liem, 2011). The researchers followed the sample for several years, from age 18 into the early 20s. What were the results of the study? The teens with the most debilitating symptoms improved the most. Many moderately depressed teens become less depressed as emerging adulthood progressed. Most moderately depressed teens become more depressed as emerging adulthood progressed. Those teens whose depression worsened during early adulthood were more likely to have experienced poverty or trauma than were teens whose mental health improved.

Many moderately depressed teens become less depressed as emerging adulthood progressed

The text reports the results of large surveys of American college graduates regarding their college experience. What was one result? Very few students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them find a career. Few students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them grow intellectually. Many students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them grow intellectually. Many students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them build their professional social network.

Many students reported that the main value of their college education was to help them grow intellectually

Mary Ainsworth devised the "Strange Situation" to assess: cognitive development. parenting style. psychosexual development. attachment style.

attachment style

Which is NOT a tip for making college a flow zone? immerse yourself in the college milieu connect your classes to potential careers avoid speaking with your professors outside of class get to know many different kinds of students

avoid speaking with your professors outside of class

An adult who is aloof and disengaged may have a(n) ______ attachment style. avoidant/dismissive secure preoccupied/ambivalent diffuse/ambivalent

avoidant/dismissive

Many developmentalists cite frontal lobe maturity to explain improvements in executive function during emerging adulthood. The text offers an alternative explanation: over the course of emerging adulthood, people work at increasingly demanding jobs, and this reinforces progressively more responsible behavior. This stance reflects the _____ perspective in psychology. neuroscience psychodynamic behavioristic humanistic

behavioristic

"Flow" is most apt to happen when people: are not being challenged. relax and watch television. engage in intrinsically motivating, challenging tasks. get external rewards for working hard.

engage in intrinsically motivating, challenging tasks

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to the characteristic behavior that is expected of a person in a particular social position such as a student, a parent, or a retiree. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Incorrect: age norms age norms identity statuses roles Incorrect: schemas schemas

roles

A person who is obsessing about possibilities for their future and can't decide on the best option is experiencing: moratorium. ruminative moratorium. identity achievement. identity foreclosure.

ruminative moratorium

A person who is in a stable, long-term relationship is most likely to have which attachment style? secure avoidant/dismissive spacey/distracted preoccupied/ambivalent

secure

Which attachment style describes an infant who is happy when his or her caregiver returns to the room in the Strange Situation? diffuse anxious-ambivalent avoidant secure

secure

You are at a bar and want to dance. As you scan the bar, you think to yourself, "Too heavy . . . too old . . . . doesn't look clean . . ." This behavior reflects the _____ phase of Bernard Murstein's mate-selection process. attachment role stimulus value-comparison

stimulus

According to Bernard Murstein's classic ______ theory, mate selection is a three-stage process. relationship status stimulus-value-role homogamy adult attachment

stimulus value role

Jesseka is going to a college in a city where she is an ethnic minority. She has felt discrimination many times. One way for Jesseka to reduce the risk of experiencing depression from the discrimination would be for her: to leave college. to reach out to others in her ethnic group in her new city. to ignore the discrimination. to assimilate more into mainstream culture.

to reach out to other in her ethnic group in her new city

Many teens have _____ career dreams. unrealistically negative realistic unrealistically positive no

unrealistically positive