Chapter 10

Conjoint behavioral parent consultation

"combines the resources of home and school to create change in a child (i.e., the client) - it relies on empirical evidence throughout the process and has shown considerable promise as a way to make change happen

Medication model

- consultants act as coordinators, unify the services of a variety of people who are trying to solve a problem - accomplish this by: (a) coordinating the services already being provided or (b) creating an alternative plan of services that represents a mutually acceptable synthesis of several solutions.

Doctor-patient or prescription model

- consultants advise consultees about what is wrong with the targeted third party and what should be done about - usually implemented when consultees lack confidence in their own intervention strategies. - doesn't require consultants to bring about a change or a cure

process consultation

- consultants are facilitators of the problem-solving process - get consultees actively involved in finding solutions

Expert or Provision Model

- consultants provide a direct service to consultees who do not have the time, inclination, or perceived skills to deal with a particular problem area Advantage: - experts can handle difficult problems and leave consultees free to manage their other duties w/o work conflicts Disadvantage - consultants are blamed if a particular problem does not get better

characteristics of consulting approaches

- content based (supported by a recognized body of knowledge). • goal oriented (it has an objective, often a work-related one) • governed by variable roles and relationship rules. • process oriented (involves gathering data, recommending solutions, and offering support.) • triadic. • based on ideologies, value systems, and ethics.

why theory and research of consultation lags behind

- originated in many different settings and has multiple forms - many counseling consultants do not conceptualize or practice consultation as a specialized professional process. - lacks the organizational support, leadership, and resources necessary for theory-building and research - reacts quickly to social, political, or technical changes. - difficulties in defining variables and obtaining permission to do specialized research in organizational settings - changing of goals

common aspects of the consultation process

-problem-solving focus - tripartite in nature (consultant, consultee, problem) - emphasizes improvement

School Consultation Approches

1. Adlerian-based approach 2. Behavioral approach 3. Mental health approach 4. organizational development approach (pg 233)

Four models of consultation

1. Expert Consultant provides direct services, handles difficult problems 2. Prescriptive Traditional medical model, problem diagnosis and prescription 3. Meditation Consultant coordinates existing services, creates alternative plans 4. Collaborator Consultant is a facilitator, gets others involved finding solutions

Five Stage Model of Consulation

1. Phasing in (relationship building) 2. Problem identification (determining whether a third-party problem exists) 3. Implementation (defines strategies and time frame) 4. Follow-up and evaluation (concentrates on results gained from the consultation process) 5. Termination (closure)

three level definition of prevention

1. primary prevention (reduction in the incidence of mental disorders) 2. Secondary prevention (reduction in the duration of disorders) 3. Tertiary Prevention (reduction of the impairment of disorders)

Consultation vs Counseling

Consultation: - natural setting of consultee - focus more on content -informal, indirect (catalyst) and direct (both try to initiate change) - indirect and direct (aimed at a third party) Counseling - office of counselor - focus more on feeling - direct - direct (applicable to a specific individual)

C group

Group Consultation encourages group members to work together as equals (collaboration); give and receive input from one another (consultation); understand the relationship among beliefs, feelings, and actions (clarification); share openly with one another (confrontation); empathize with one another (concern); keep information within the group (confidentiality); and make plans for specific changes (commitment).

Format for organizing and structuring thinking about a case (STIPS)

S = signs and symptoms T = topics discussed in counseling I = counseling interventions used P = clients' progress and counselors' continuing plan for treatment S = any special issues of importance regarding clients (e.g., suicidality)

Consultee-centered case consultation

The goal is collaboratively to identify consultee difficulties in working with certain types of clients and help the consultee develop the skills to deal effectively with this and similar situations in the future.

community centered administrative ad hoc consultation

The goal is to enable an ad hoc consultee to deal more effectively with community problems encountered while developing a temporary program of mental health services.

Client-centered case consultation

The goal is to enable the consultee to deal more effectively with the current situation and similar situations in the future.

Program Centered administrative Consultation

The goal is to help the consultee deal more effectively with specific parts of a mental health program and improve his or her abilities to function with similar program problems in the future.

consultee centered ad hoc consultation

The goal is to identify collaboratively the ad hoc consultee's problems generated in providing temporary mental health services and take steps to help the consultee develop skills in dealing with these problems.

Consultee-centered administrative consultation

The goal is to identify consultee problems generated by implementing a mental health program and develop collaboratively the consultee's skills in dealing with similar problems.

Discrimination model of supervision

a model that requires the supervisor to be aware of the supervisee's intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills and addresses supervisees needs by adopting the role of either teacher, counselor, or consultant as needed. 1. process issues (how technical aspects of the therapeutic process are handled, such as reflecting the client's emotion accurately); 2. conceptualization issues (how well supervisees formulate cases from theory and how well they convey what it is they know); and 3. personalization issues (how counselors use their own experiences, thoughts, and feel-ings in therapeutic ways).

working definition of consultation

a process between two professional persons, the consultant, ho is a specialist, and the consultee, who invokes the consultant's help in regard to current work problems

parent-counselor consulting model

aims to solve student problems and educate parents on how to help their children with particular situations

constructive negative-thinking process

clients are instructed to think negatively about future-oriented events and make contingency plans if the worst possible situation occurs

values-based parent consultation

consultation is based on recognizing the expertise and knowledge parents have. "Often, parents possess the wisdom and experience to solve complex school-related issues, whereas school-based consultants have an understanding of the consultation process but very limited understanding of the community and community dynamics"

Adlerian Parent Consultation

consultation parents are encouraged to recognize the part they play in exacerbating counterproductive behavior in children and to alter these actions. They are also taught how to encourage their children as well as formulate logical consequences when children misbehave.

Supervision

interactive and evaluative process in which someone with more proficiency oversees the work of someone with less knowledge and skill to enhance the professional functioning of the junior member

self-maintenance

persons continually monitor and measure the desired effects of the self-management process

self-mediation

persons develop and implement strategies of change

self-monitoring

persons observe their own behavior

self-measurement

persons validate the degree to which the problem exists

context-centered stage

where they become more integrated in regard to personal autonomy, insightful awareness, and stable motivation.

role-reversal process

which a client role-plays either an active or passive consultant while the counselor role-plays the client.

process-centered stage

—where supervisees exhibit increased professional self-confidence, with increased insight beyond specific skills

client-centered stage

—where those being supervised fluctuate between being dependent and autonomous

Teaching self-management skills

• Self-monitoring: behavior• Self-measurement • Self-mediation • Self-maintenance: