Chapter 10 - Key Issue 3(Questions 29-56)

What is "truck farming" and where has it spread in the U.S.? Examples?

Bartering or exchange of commodities; spread to New York, Washington, Philadelphia, etc.

Where is the U.S. Corn Belt and what crops are grown there?

Located from Ohio to N. and S. Dakota; corn and soybeans are grown.

What three conditions make the southeast U.S. an ideal location for this commercial gardening and fruit farming?

-Long growing season -Humid climate -Practical for truck farming

Conditions of Mediterranean climate and agriculture are...

Almost no flat land, and summers are hot and dry.

What were the three U.S. and world stages of ranching?

Animals herded in open ranges, fixed farming by dividing open land into ranches, and new methods of breeding and new sources of water and feed

Cereal grains; How does it relate to crop rotation?

Any plant from the grass family that yields an edible grain. This allows the farmers to take turns with their crops and switch out different crops.

Where is ranching practiced?

Commonly practiced in Texas

In what different ways is corn being used?

Consumed by animals and livestock, also by humans as oil, margarine, etc.

Rest crop; How does it relate to crop rotation?

Crop to help replenish nutrients. This helps enhance soil for the next crop.

What is the principal difference between grains grown in "commercial grain farming" regions and grains grown in "mixed crop and livestock" regions?

Crops on a grain farm are grown primarily for consumption by humans as opposed to livestock.

World's largest producer of dairy products and fluid milk?

Dairy products- New Zealand, Milk- India

Why did cattle ranching expand in the U.S.?

Demand of beef in East coast cities

Most crops in Mediterranean lands are grown for _______________ ________________ rather than _______________ ________________ .

Human consumption rather than animal feed

Amount of land devoted to crops vs animals and the income generated by each in this region

Ironic because much more land for crops, even though most crops are fed directly to livestock

What problems do dairy farmers currently face?

Labor intensive, winter feed, economic difficulties due to declining revenues and rising costs

Where does cattle ranching take place today?

Land leased from the U.S. government

Fallow; How does it relate to crop rotation?

Land plowed or harrowed but left unsown for a period in order to restore fertility. This helps the land take a period of time off to regenerate and "detox."

How does mixed crop and livestock agriculture allow farmers to more evenly "distribute" their workload?

More or less work during certain seasons.

Where is mixed crop and livestock farming common?

Most common in the United States.

Two most important cash crops in Mediterranean agriculture are....

Olives and grapes

What type of climate is livestock best adapted to?

Semiarid land, vegetation is sparse, soil is too poor for crops.

Ranching

The commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area.

Horticulture

The growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and tree crops.

Milkshed

The ring surrounding a city from which milk can be supplied w/o spoiling.

Why did cattle ranching decline?

The spread of irrigation techniques and hardier crops.

Three regions of large-scale grain production in North America?

The winter wheat belt through Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma, the spring wheat belt through the Dakotas, Montana, and southern Canada, and Palouse region of Washington state.

How do farms and combine companies make use of the fact that the wheat matures at different times in the spring and winter wheat belts?

The workload can be distributed throughout 2 fields using same machinery

Why do some regions specialize in dairy products other than fluid milk?

These products stay fresher longer and are easier to transport.

Significance of wheat as a crop

Used in tons of foods, feeds humans and animals, more uses, higher price, stored easily, doesn't spoil as easy