Chapter 10 learning curves

Quinton is about to turn 2 years old. His mother wants to give some of Quinton's old toys away to make room for the new ones he is about to receive. Quinton is not happy about this idea. When his mother asks him how he thinks other children will feel to get his old toys, Quinton MOST likely says: "Surprised." "Happy." "Gratitude." "Awful."

"Awful."

Alison is pregnant and asks Jared if he wants to go out for sushi. After reading this chapter in the text, Jared replies: "Let's go somewhere else because the mercury in fish is not good for the fetus." "Sushi sounds like a great idea." "Okay, but let's only eat cooked fish because raw fish is not good for the fetus." "Sure, but we will have to ask where the fish comes from to avoid fish that has mercury in it."

"Let's go somewhere else because the mercury in fish is not good for the fetus."

David is just beginning a growth spurt. He notices that his testes and scrotum are beginning to enlarge. David is MOST likely _____ years old. 10 12 15 17

12

David is just beginning a growth spurt. He notices that his testes and scrotum are beginning to enlarge. David is MOST likely _____ years old. 15 12 17 10

12

Craig is a gay male who has a fraternal twin brother. There is a _____ chance that his fraternal twin brother is also gay. 15% 25% 50% 100%

15%

Craig is a gay male who has a fraternal twin brother. There is a _____ chance that his fraternal twin brother is also gay. 50% 25% 15% 100%

15%

There is a _____ chance that Tammy is gay because her fraternal twin sister is gay. 50% 15% 100% 25%

15%

Ali has just finished a growth spurt. His testes, scrotum, and penis have enlarged. He now has hair on his face and under his arms. Ali is MOST likely _____ years old. 10 12 18 16

18

Eric has had a significant growth spurt; his voice has deepened; he has facial hair; and he has seen enlargement of his testes, scrotum, and penis. Eric is about _____ years old. 15 12 18 10

18

According to the text, adulthood begins around age: 18 and ends when one dies. 18 and ends at about age 21. 25 and ends when one dies. 21 and ends at about age 40.

18 and ends when one dies.

Eric is a gay male who has an identical twin brother. There is a _____ chance his identical twin brother is also gay. 15% 25% 50% 100%

50%

The stages of psychosocial development are to the stages of cognitive development as _____ is to _____. Erik Erikson; Jean Piaget Jean Piaget; Erik Erikson Erik Erikson; Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud; Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson; Jean Piaget

Based solely on the information provided, which adolescent is LEAST likely to have sex? Kerry, who took an abstinence pledge Nate, who participated in an abstinence-only program Vicki, who has never been educated about sex Gary, who participated in a sex education program

Gary, who participated in a sex education program

At 12 months of age, James is classified as securely attached. Which behaviors would be consistent with his classification? James is moderately distressed when mother leaves him alone and pleased when she returns. James is very upset when his mother leaves and seems both relieved and angry when she returns. James is very upset when his mother leaves and ignores her when she returns. James is unconcerned when his mother leaves and uninterested when she returns.

James is moderately distressed when mother leaves him alone and pleased when she returns.

With respect to the study of social development, duckling is to infant monkey as _____ is to _____. Konrad Lorenz; Harry Harlow Harry Harlow; Konrad Lorenz Konrad Lorenz; John Bowlby John Bowlby; Harry Harlow

Konrad Lorenz; Harry Harlow

____ preindustrial societies do NOT have a word for adolescence. A few Most Some Nearly all

Most

Which statement presents evidence that newborns attend to social stimuli? They both follow faces more closely than nonfacial stimuli and mimic other faces. They can see faces from far way. They mimic other faces. They follow faces more closely than nonfacial stimuli.

They both follow faces more closely than nonfacial stimuli and mimic other faces.

Which individual is in the longest stage of life? Liam, who is 6 months old Semar, who is 6 years old Will, who is 30 years old Deja, who is 15 years old

Will, who is 30 years old

Which individual is in the longest stage of life? Will, who is 30 years old Deja, who is 15 years old Semar, who is 6 years old Liam, who is 6 months old

Will, who is 30 years old

Can infants control the movement of their elbows before their fingers? Yes, this follows the proximodistal rule. No, this breaks the proximodistal rule. Yes, this follows the cephalocaudal rule. No, this breaks the cephalocaudal rule.

Yes, this follows the proximodistal rule.

Jan is attending a baby shower for her pregnant friend. Which gift might Jan give to the mother to help her interact with the fetus while it is in the womb? a light a book for her to read aloud a toy that lights up a massager to place on her tummy

a book for her to read aloud

The ability to count numbers of objects and distinguish between one versus two objects, as well as different quantities of many objects, MOST likely relies on: genetics alone. the cultural influence of language and counting systems alone. innate ability alone. a combination of innate and cultural influences.

a combination of innate and cultural influences.

In a new situation, 14-month-old Alice becomes very upset when her mother leaves the room. Once her mother returns, Alice runs to her but squirms to get away when her mother tries to comfort her. According to Mary Ainsworth, this exemplifies the _____ attachment style. avoidant ambivalent secure disorganized

ambivalent

Lizzy has a hard time understanding others' emotions, especially emotions that are self-conscious. Her mother has noticed that Lizzy has trouble communicating and making friends. Lizzy might have: autism. a motor development disorder. cephalocaudal developmental disorder. fetal alcohol syndrome.

autism.

Tom rarely acts nervous in new environments and pays little attention to whether his mother is present or absent. Tom would MOST likely be classified as having a(n) _____ attachment style. anxious secure easy avoidant

avoidant

An infant who has a secure attachment style may cry when the caregiver leaves but when the caregiver returns will: be calmed by the caregiver's presence. have no consistent pattern of behavior. not acknowledge the caregiver. try to get away from the caregiver.

be calmed by the caregiver's presence.

One-and-half-year-old Veronica was playing when another child kicked her in the shin. She took a few seconds and then looked back at her mother, who had a distressed look on her face. Veronica would MOST likely: try to kick the other child right back. come to her mother to ask her what was wrong. begin to cry. turn around and kept playing.

begin to cry.

Childhood attachment styles: fluctuate until a child develops secure attachment and then the attachment is always secure. move through stages just as cognitive development does. are constant over time. can change over time.

can change over time.

A person whose gender identity matches his or her biological sex is referred to as: gay. transgender. cisgender. straight.

cisgender.

According to Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development, a child who can think logically about physical objects and events, and understands conservation of physical properties is at the _____ stage of cognitive development. formal operational preoperational sensorimotor concrete operational

concrete operational

With respect to Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, preconventional is to _____ as _____ is to social rules. consequences; conventional consequences; postconventional core values; conventional core values; preconventional

consequences; conventional

A ban is imposed on outdoor watering during a severe drought. The Robinsons decide not to water their new shrubs because the neighbors would disapprove. Their reasoning places them in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development. conventional postconventional unconventional preconventional

conventional

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. developmental clinical behavioral cognitive

developmental

Research on how people change physically, mentally, and socially across the life span is MOST often conducted by _____ psychologists. cognitive developmental social industrial/organizational

developmental

One-year-old Terrance's babysitter notices that when Terrance's mother drops him off, he acts as if he does not know what to do with himself. One minute he is crying, and the next minute he is fine. According to attachment theorists, Terrance MOST likely has a(n) _____ attachment style. avoidant disorganized secure ambivalent

disorganized

In the _____ century, Swiss biologist ______ pioneered the study of cognitive development with a ground-breaking stage theory. early 20th; Erik Erikson late 19th; Erik Erikson late 19th; Jean Piaget early 20th; Jean Piaget

early 20th; Jean Piaget

Irina is pregnant. The body parts, such as its limbs and ears, have just begun to form. The organism is in the _____ stage of prenatal development. zygotic embryonic germinal fetal

embryonic

Many people first learn that they are pregnant 5 or 6 weeks after conception. This point corresponds to the _____ stage of prenatal development. fetal embryonic zygotic germinal

embryonic

Edgar can recite all of the past presidents but has a difficult time remembering the summers he spent on his cousin's farm as a child. MOST specifically, Edgar has trouble with _____ memory. episodic semantic long-term working

episodic

Edgar can recite all of the past presidents but has a difficult time remembering the summers he spent on his cousin's farm as a child. MOST specifically, Edgar has trouble with _____ memory. long-term semantic episodic working

episodic

Significant age-related decline is to little or no age-related decline as _____ is to _____. episodic memory; semantic memory recognition accuracy; retrieval accuracy memory long-term memory; working memory semantic memory; working memory

episodic memory; semantic memory

Significant age-related decline is to little or no age-related decline as _____ is to _____. semantic memory; working memory long-term memory; working memory episodic memory; semantic memory recognition accuracy; retrieval accuracy memory

episodic memory; semantic memory

Susie's teacher reported that she is performing below the level of some of her peers. Susie was referred to a psychologist, who described Susie as "a youngster who has distinct physical features, including short eye openings, a flat midface, and a thin upper lip." The psychologist MOST likely diagnosed Susie with: cephalocaudal developmental disorder. autism. motor developmental disorder. fetal alcohol syndrome.

fetal alcohol syndrome.

Rhiannon went to the doctor for an ultrasound. The doctor told Rhiannon that her baby has a skeleton and muscles. The organism is in the _____ stage, and it is about _____ weeks since conception. embryonic; 8 fetal; 10 germinal; 6 embryonic; 4

fetal; 10

Four-month-old Stacy realizes her mother is moving away from her. Stacy would MOST likely _____ to get her mother to come back to her. imprint gurgle close her eyes turn her head away from her mother

gurgle

Ronette is pregnant with her first child. She wonders if she could have an occasional glass of wine with dinner. Her midwife would MOST likely advise Ronette that: she can be 100% confident that a few glasses of wine will not be a problem. health care professionals do not really know how much is too much, so—just to be safe—she should not drink any alcohol. she can drink daily as long as she keeps it to two drinks maximum. a glass of wine a day is recommended for pregnant women to relax their back muscles.

health care professionals do not really know how much is too much, so—just to be safe—she should not drink any alcohol.

A girl around the age of 10 will have just begun to experience: underarm hair. widening of the hips. menstruation. her adolescent growth spurt.

her adolescent growth spurt.

Betty has noticed a decline in her memory and attention. However, she can still keep up with the younger computer programmers in her field. Betty may be able to do this because: her memory and attention do not affect her computer programming skills. she does brain exercises to keep her programming skills up to par. her brain can use other parts to compensate for her decline in mental abilities. she has just become faster at programming than are the younger adults.

her brain can use other parts to compensate for her decline in mental abilities.

On Monday, Jacques announces to his parents that he wants to be called Jack. On Wednesday, he says he wants to drop out of school. On Friday, he says he wants to get a tattoo and become an architect. In Erik Erikson's terms, Jacques seems to be experiencing the _____ crisis. identity versus role confusion industry versus inferiority generativity versus stagnation trust versus mistrust

identity versus role confusion

Fifteen-year-old Autumn has gone through many "phases" in the past 2 years. She has started and dropped many different hobbies and extracurricular activities, and has cycled through many different cliques. In Erik Erikson's terms, Autumn is engaged in an adolescent search for: intimacy. generativity. identity. initiative.

identity.

Barb believes that no matter how she acts, she will not get her mother's attention. Therefore, Barb believes that her behavior does not matter in other relationships in her life. Barb has developed a(n) _____ about relationships. theory internal working model temperament mental representation

internal working model

A child who has autism would MOST likely to be able to: understand guilt. make a friend easily. hold a conversation with someone. learn about quantum physics.

learn about quantum physics.

As one ages, one's brain becomes _____ specialized for specific tasks. no more or less more less exclusively

less

Joan is trying to become pregnant and is hoping that she will have a boy. Matt tells her that she has _____ chance of having a boy. a 70% more than a 50% about a 50% less than a 50%

less than a 50%

Ramona is part of a small clique that includes both boys and girls. Ramona is MOST likely in: early adolescence. middle adolescence. late adolescence. early adulthood.

middle adolescence.

Ramona is part of a small clique that includes both boys and girls. Ramona is MOST likely in: late adolescence. middle adolescence. early adulthood. early adolescence.

middle adolescence.

Candy has noticed that her job has become cognitively harder over the years. However, on her performance evaluation, her productivity is the same as most of her younger coworkers. The equality in productivity may be because Candy is _____ than are the younger employees. more focused more specialized faster more efficient

more efficient

According to the text, with respect to the nature-versus-nurture debate, temperament seems to be: a combination of nature and nurture. nature. nurture. mostly nurture.

nature.

Across adulthood, scores on measures of episodic memory are _____ correlated with age. negatively not positively perfectly

negatively

Across adulthood, scores on measures of episodic memory are _____ correlated with age. negatively perfectly not positively

negatively

According to Jean Piaget, in the third stage of moral development, children shift their thinking from _____ to intentions.

outcomes

During the developmental stage of adulthood, _____ changes take place. no physical and emotional physical and cognitive physical, cognitive, and emotional

physical, cognitive, and emotional

Eric is a 25-year-old male. Eric will most likely exhibit his cognitive peak on the cognitive test of: letter-number sequencing. picture completion. vocabulary. arithmetic.

picture completion

Moral reasoning is defined by ethical principles at the _____ stage in Kohlberg's theory. preconventional conventional formal operational postconventional

postconventional

A person in Lawrence Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development would avoid an action because it would result in punishment. preconventional postconventional autonomous conventional

preconventional

As the brain ages, the _____ and its _____ deteriorate more quickly than other areas of the brain. temporal cortex; subcortical connections hippocampus; interhemispheric connections prefrontal cortex; subcortical connections thalamus; interhemispheric connections

prefrontal cortex; subcortical connections

In the second stage of moral development, Jean Piaget suggested that children shift their thinking from _____ to _____. principles; outcomes consequences; intentions prescriptions; principles realism; relativism

prescriptions; principles

With respect to Jean Piaget's view of moral development, which term does NOT describe the moral thinking of very young children? realism outcome-oriented relativism prescriptive

relativism

In Jean Piaget's first stage of moral development, children first regard moral rules as if there is no gray area; things are either right or they are wrong. Then children shift their thinking from realism to: relativism. prescription. principles. outcomes.

relativism.

The primary caregiver is the person who: the infant finds most interesting. the infant has the most fun with. the infant follows around most often. responds most often to and meets the needs of the infant.

responds most often to and meets the needs of the infant.

Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a finger touching her cheek. This is the _____ reflex; it helps an infant _____. rooting; locate food sucking; locate food sucking; notice danger rooting; notice danger

rooting; locate food

Justin is egocentric. When he hears a story about a prince who is headed toward danger but does not know it yet, Justin is MOST likely to say that the prince feels: delighted. scared. happy. enthusiastic.

scared.

A teenage boy begins shaving because he develops facial hair, which is a(n) _____ sex characteristic. secondary minor primary major

secondary

In an unfamiliar environment, 17-month-old Gravis notices when his mother leaves the room but does not appear upset. When she returns, Gravis smiles at her and continues to play happily with a truck. Gravis MOST likely has a(n) _____ attachment style. secure avoidant ambivalent disorganized

secure

The MOST prevalent attachment style among U.S. infants is the _____ attachment style. secure disorganized ambivalent avoidant

secure

Fourteen-month-old Yolanda used to cry when her father left her and then would quiet down when her father came back and comforted her. However, lately when her father comes back to comfort her, Yolanda squirms and tries to get way. According to attachment theorists, Yolanda used to have a(n) _____ type of attachment style but now has a(n) _____ type of attachment style. secure; ambivalent avoidant; ambivalent disorganized; secure secure; avoidant

secure; ambivalent

In terms of human sexuality, _____ refers to the kinds of people to whom we find ourselves attracted.

sexual orientation

Richard is a biological female who identifies as a male and is attracted to females. Richard is MOST likely a _____. transgender bisexual man cisgender lesbian transgender lesbian transgender straight man

transgender straight man

According to the text, contemporary psychological research suggests that Jean Piaget _____ the cognitive sophistication of infants and children. greatly overestimated underestimated correctly estimated slightly overestimated

underestimated

Which occurrence is a primary sex characteristic? widening of the hips in girls deepening of the voice when a girl begins to menstruate breast development in girls

when a girl begins to menstruate

Heather is a 14-year-old who spends less time _____ to spend more time with opposite-sex peers. with same-sex peers doing schoolwork with her parents sleeping

with her parents

Adriana lives in a preindustrial society. She has just menstruated for the first time. Within her society, Adriana has a ceremony and is now considered a(n): adolescent. woman. female. child.

woman.