Chapter 10

>Includes 10 base pairs per repeat >Has a consistent diameter >Shaped like a helix

James Watson and Francis Crick used the X-ray diffraction image taken by Rosalind Franklin shown below to deduce structural properties of B-form DNA. What findings did Watson and Crick make from this image?

The bacterial pellet

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, DNA was demonstrated to be the genetic material because the 32P label for DNA localized to ________.

The transforming principle in bacteria

What did Griffith discover with his experiments?

3'- ACTGCACTA -5'

Enter the complementary sequence to the following DNA strand. 5'- TGACGTGAT -3'

Z-DNA

A left-handed form of DNA is the ________.

3 (Three)

The number of hydrogen bonds between complementary G-C pairs is _______.

>The tetranucleotide hypothesis was false >That the amount of A equals the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C

A key discovery leading to the structure of DNA was done by Chargaff. He found that ____. Select all that apply.

phosphodiester bond

A strong covalent bond between adjacent nucleotides is a/an ______.

Hairpin

A structure formed by a single-stranded DNA or RNA molecule that has complementary sequences is a/an ________.

>G= 18% >T= 32% >A= 32%

DNA has unique properties that allow it to accurately retain genetic information, even after multiple rounds of replication. One aspect of DNA that allows it to accurately store genetic information is the base pairing from Chargaff's first rule of the four nucleotide bases. If the C content of a DNA molecule is 18%, what are the percentages of the remaining bases?

>DNA strands are antiparallel and include a 5' end and a 3' end. >The backbone of DNA is made of a sugar and a phosphate molecule. >DNA bases are always paired using Watson-Crick base pairing.

Identify the key structural features of a DNA molecule.

Treatment with DNase

In Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiments, homogenates from heat-killed bacteria were treated with different enzymes, and then the ability of those homogenates to transform bacteria was assayed. Under which condition would transformation not occur?

>It must be able to store and express information. >It must periodically mutate to generate variation. >It must be able to replicate and transmit to progeny.

Select each of the characteristics that are key features of genetic material.

An X-ray diffraction pattern

The major contribution of Franklin and Wilkins to the study of DNA was ______.

Is missing a 2'-OH group

The sugar in DNA is called "deoxyribose" because it _______.

They pieced together the available evidence and modeled the structure of DNA.

What contribution did James Watson and Francis Crick make to our understanding of DNA?

>The strands run in opposite directions >The 5ʹ end of one strand is opposite the 3' end of the second strand.

What does the term antiparallel mean? Select all that apply.

>Adenine or guanine >A base with two rings

What is a purine? Select all that apply.

Complementary base pairing

What is the key feature of DNA that allows it to be copied?

>(A+G) / (C+T) = 1.0 >A/T = G/C >A+C = G+T

Which of the following relations will be found in the percentages of bases of a double-stranded DNA molecule? Select all that apply.

>Purines form a hydrogen bonds with pyrimidines >Purines consist of a two-ring structure

Which of the following statements describes purines and pyrimidines in DNA molecules?