Chapter 10 Practice Quiz

The median income of women in 2011 was over _____ lower than men's income.

$11,000

What was the Equal Rights Amendment?

A proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would have given equal rights to women, but it was never ratified

Rape is a crime of _____.

aggression

What is sex about?

biological characteristic of males and females

No-fault divorce has been a benefit for American women. T/F

false

Rape is sexually motivated. T/F

false

The median income for women in 2011 was about equal to men's. T/F

false

Women's greater level of nurturing behavior is created by _____.

socialization

What is autonomy?

the ability to decide how work should be done

The best benefits for women are found in Sweden T/F

true

Sexual violence would see a significant reduction if which of the following occurs? a. We stop giving one gender a lower status than the other. b. We identify rapists before they committed the crime and incarcerated them. c. We make all boys take anti-rape training in grade school. d. We destroy all pornography.

we stop giving one gender a lower status than the other

If husbands are unemployed and wives work 40-hour weeks, which of the following happens? a. Wives do most of the housework. b. Husbands do most of the housework. c. Wives and husbands equally share housework. d. Wives stop doing the housework, but husbands do not pick up the slack.

wives do most of the housework

The focus of the _____ women's movement has been equal rights.

American

Sociologists have learned that gender differences vary enormously because of which of the following? a. Cross-cultural studies that show that men's and women's behavior is not the same in all cultures b. Research on Americans showing that there are no traditional roles for men and women in the U.S. c. Experiments on Western Europeans that discovered that they have most of the same roles for men and women that are found in the U.S. d. Biological studies that indicate our gendered behavior is due to or DNA

Cross-cultural studies that show that men's and women's behavior is not the same in all cultures

Sex is the cultural concepts of masculinity and femininity in a society. T/F

False

What is one reason why there is a continuing earning gap between men and women?

People with lower salaries receive smaller raises causing income differentials to increase over time.

According to the research of DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith, which of the following is true about more than 30% of women? a. They are heads of families with no husband present and have incomes above the poverty line. b. They are heads of families with no husband present and have incomes at the poverty line c. They are heads of families with no husband present and have incomes below the poverty line d. They are heads of families with an unemployed husband present and have incomes below the poverty line

They are heads of families with no husband present and have incomes below the poverty line

How does women's health care compare to that of men's?

They receive less treatment for diseases that kills but more interference in normal reproductive processes.

Why is no-fault divorce problematic for women?

Women have a much reduced standard of living following divorce.

Gender roles becomes more differentiated as societies do which of the following? a. Become less complex b. Lose population c. Have economic difficulties d. Become more complex

become more complex

Evaluating and rewarding different occupations equally if the work in each requires the same level of skill and is of equal value to an employer is called _____.

comparable worth

What requires equal pay for work requiring similar levels of skills, even if they're not identified?

comparable worth

Which of the following is NOT considered by conflict theorists to be a result of the degradation and exploitation of women by men? a. Wage disparity b. Family violence c. Rape d. Creation of the middle class

creation of the middle class

American men suffer from depression more than American women. T/F

false

Complex societies have greater levels of equality between men and women. T/F

false

Gender is about biology and sex is about culture. T/F

false

Gender roles are consistent throughout the world. T/F

false

Medieval women did not work. T/F

false

When a husband is unemployed but his wife is working, they equally share the housework. T/F

false

Women in all societies are more assertive than men. T/F

false

Women's only economic role in American history has been producing crafts in the home to sell. T/F

false

_______ is a major reason why family violence continues.

finances

Gender inequality could be reduced by all EXCEPT which of the following? a. Implement comparable worth in employment. b. Find men who treat women in an unacceptable way. c. Develop mutual respect between the genders. d. Stop accepting that gendered behavior is biological.

find men who treat women in an acceptable way

What is the term for the cultural concepts of masculinity and femininity that society creates around gender?

gender roles

In many _____ societies both men and women learn to be assertive and independent.

hunting and gathering

According to structural functionalists, what roles of are becoming more similar?

husband and wife

According to structural functionalists, which of the following is true? a. Men will continue to be strongly in charge of all marital relationships. b. Husbands and wives will develop roles similar to each other. c. Women will become more focused on domestic labor and begin to move out of the labor market. d. Men will choose to more focused on domestic labor and begin to move out of the labor market.

husbands and wives will develop roles similar to each other

Which of the following is NOT true about the femininization of poverty? a. It is the increase in proportion of women below the poverty line. b. It is particularly focused on female heads of household. c. It has been intensified because of no-fault divorce. d. In the past decade, it has begun to decrease.

in the past decade, it has begun to decrease

Which of the following is true about women's economic role in society? a. It is important in all societies and always has been. b. It is minimal, especially in agrarian societies. c. It is most important in advanced technological societies. d. It is important in all societies and always has been.

it is important in all societies and always has been

Many feminists oppose pornography for which of the following reasons? a. It is immoral sexual material. b. It only shows heterosexual sex. c. It shows women as passive victims of violent men. d. It is easily accessed in bookstores.

it shows women as passive victims of violent men

Jobs in the secondary market are where women work for ______ wages.

low

Why do married women have more stress when compared to unmarried women?

married women are not respected in American society

When industrialization occurred, which of the following happened? a. Women were again thrown out of the labor market. b. Women found that the goods they had traditionally produced at home were now produced in factories. c. Workdays were 12 hours long. d. Men took over some of the domestic responsibilities since women were often working in factories or mills.

men took over some of the domestic responsibilities since women were often working in factories or mills

Swedish women receive ______ paid maternity leave than American women.

more

Fragile families are the result of an increase in which of the following? a. Divorce b. Deaths c. The number of children in a family d. Non-marital childbirth

non-marital childbirth

What is date rape?

rape by someone who is known by the victim

Structural functionalist point out that many of the traditional roles of the family has moved to other institutions. Which of the following is NOT one of these roles? a. Recreation occurs outside of the family (e.g., school basketball teams) b. Work is usually outside the home. c. Religious beliefs are no longer taught in the family. d. Clothes are bought in stores and rarely made at home.

religious beliefs are no longer taught in the family

The part of the labor market that is where most women fall is the _____ market.

secondary

Women are primarily found in the _____ labor market.

secondary

The gap between men's and women's earnings has done which of the following? a. Disappeared b. Slowly decreased c. Steadily increased d. Remained the same

slowly decreased

Women have often been kept in the _____ labor market, which pushed them in and out of the labor market when men asked for too high of wages or other instances where low-paid employees were needed.

surplus

Because gender roles are a social and cultural construct, they can change. Select the example from the textbook that illustrates how the imposition of a more powerful cultural group can change gender roles. a. The Ibo of Nigeria b. American women working in factories during WWII c. European women who moved to their colonies during the nineteenth century d. White women in the United States giving birth when not married

the Ibo of Nigeria

During _____, Beguine communes were forbidden because women were expected to stay home and have babies to replace the population that died.

the black plague

Which of the following is true about the biological basis of gender differences in behavior? a. There is some evidence to support it. b. There is no clear evidence to support it. c. There is no disagreement that there are definitely such differences. d. There is a great deal of clear evidence to support it.

there is no clear evidence to support it

When comparing American girls and women to men and boys, which of the following is true? a. They have about the same level of depression. b. They have higher levels of depression. c. They have lower levels of depression. d. They have an equal predisposition to depression and anxiety.

they have higher levels of depression

Sexual harassment does which of the following? a. Threatens job security and promotion in all types of jobs b. Is only common among the lower class c. Occurs rarely d. Is flattering to women

threatens job security and promotion in all types of jobs

At the beginning of the twentieth century, many upper-class women received an education and some were professionals. T/F

true

Both men and women learned to be assertive and independent in hunting and gathering societies. T/F

true

Conflict theorists argue that one way men maintained control over the labor of women was by keeping women either out of the workforce or in the secondary labor market. T/F

true

Conflict theorists look for explanations of domestic violence, rape, and the wage gap in gender differentiation. T/F

true

In Europe, the women's movement focused on special privileges for women such as maternity leave. T/F

true

Medieval women could marry, join a commune, or join a convent. T/F

true

Structural functionalists realize that gender roles are unequal but feel this is functional for society. T/F

true

The majority of family violence is men abusing women. T/F

true

The secondary labor market is a problem for women around the world. T/F

true

When women work in gender mixed workforces, women are less likely than men to get jobs with authority and autonomy. T/F

true

Women primarily work in the secondary labor market. T/F

true

Women's secondary labor force participation has limited their ability to close the gender gap. T/F

true

The Suffrage Movement earned women the right to _____ in the 1920's.

vote

Conflict theorists support the idea that ____ are easily trapped in the split labor market.

women

At the beginning of the twentieth century, which of the following is did NOT occur? a. Some women chose to join Beguine communes b. Upper class women were receiving an education c. Women who wanted jobs were seen as selfish d. Some upper class women were working in professional employment

women who wanted jobs were seen as selfish