Chapter 10 Psych Review

The Big Five factors are: neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness & ___.

conscientiousness

Alfred Adler is a Neo-Freudian who coined the term ___.

inferiority complex

With __ we attribute our own unacceptable, inappropriate feelings & impulses onto other people.

projection

__ provide an ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger one's inner dynamics.

projective tests

Tests must be ___, meaning they should yield consistent results over time.

reliable

___ Involves excluding threatening or painful thoughts, feelings, memories from our awareness

repression

___ theory does not explain why individuals behave the way they do.

trait

Ky consumed by his fears of sexual inadequacy. A psychoanalyst would attribute his problems to

a phallic fixation

__ are symbolic characterizations that represent the different aspects of human nature.

archetypes

. According to Carl Rogers, when we are in a good marriage, a close family, or an intimate friendship, we are free to be spontaneous without fearing the loss of others' esteem. What did he call this accepting attitude? a. A peak experience b. Unconditional positive regard c. Self-transcendence d. Humanistic psychology e. Our self-concept

b

Athletes who often privately credit their victories to their own abilities, and their losses to bad breaks, lousy offi ciating, or the other team's exceptional performance, are exhibiting which psychological concept? a. A low self-esteem b. The self-serving bias c. Pessimism d. The spotlight effect e. Incompetence

b

Someone from a collectivist culture is more likely to do what? a. Develop a strong sense of self b. Give priority to group goals c. Form casual, often temporary relationships d. Achieve personal goals e. Focus on how they are different from the group

b

Refusing to admit something bad is happening or that you're experiencing inappropriate emotion

denial

The transfer of unacceptable feelings from their appropriate target to an undeserving, safer 1.

displacement

. Albert Bandura proposed the social-cognitive perspective, which a. explains the nature-nurture debate. b. predicts human behavior. c. focuses on how our environment controls us. d. explains human motivation. e. emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations.

e

A question on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) such as "I get angry sometimes" is included to determine what about the test-taker? a. Whether the person has a personality disorder. b. If the person needs immediate help for anger management. c. If the person is more extraverted than introverted. d. Whether the person has a stronger id or superego. e. If the person is answering the questions truthfully

e

Which term describes questionnaires that cover a wide range of feelings and behaviors and are designed to assess several traits? a. Factor analysis studies b. Peer reports c. Achievement tests d. Cognition tests e. Personality inventories

e

___serves as a mediator or referee between urges & morals.

ego

The social-cognitive view emphasizes the interactive influences of our personality and our ___.

environment

The ___ is present at birth & consists of urges, instincts, and desires.

id

The ___ represents internalized rules of parents & society.

superego

Adler suggested that people are NOT motivated by sex drive, but instead a drive for ___.

superiority

Karen Horney said it's not women who have "penis envy" but men who have "___".

womb envy

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This personality test requires answering questions about oneself.

MBTI

3. According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following defense mechanisms buries threatening or upsetting events in the unconscious? a. Regression b. Displacement c. Repression d. Projection e. Rationalization

c

___ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard.

carl rogers

JUNG: The __ contains universal images, ideas & symbols Inherited & common to all human beings

collective unconscious

Mental strategies that the ego uses to reduce anxiety, guilt & embarrassment are called ___.

defense mechanisms

___ involves explaining away failures & losses; Manufacturing excuses to justify behavior.

rationalization

Replacement of anxiety-producing feelings with their opposite...

reaction formation

Ego is to id as ___ principle is to ___ principle.

reality, pleasure

personality is based on the interaction b/t a person, their behavior, and the environment

reciprocal determinism

A return to behaviors, thoughts, feelings that you exhibited as a child...

regression

Redirecting urges & impulses to forms of activity that are socially acceptable & appropriate.

sublimation

___ is a(n) attitude of acceptance regardless of circumstances.

unconditioned positive regard

In Brad Bushman and Roy Baumeister's research, how did people with unrealistically high self-esteem react when they were criticized? a. They became exceptionally aggressive. b. Many were more receptive to the criticism. c. Some became easily depressed. d. Most worked harder to do better the next time. e. They quit the task without completing it.

a

What did Sigmund Freud call his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques? a. Psychoanalysis b. Humanism c. The self-concept d. Psychosexual stages e. Free association

a

Which term is defi ned as all the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question, "Who am I?" a. Self-concept b. Ideal self c. Self-esteem d. Empathy e. Self-acceptance

a

Children's TV-viewing habits (past behavior) infl uence their viewing preferences (internal personal factor), which infl uence how television (environmental factor) affects their current behavior. What is this an example of? a. Personal control b. Learned helplessness c. Reciprocal determinism d. The Big Five traits e. Implicit learning

c

What did Abraham Maslow call the process of fulfi lling our potential? a. Love needs b. Self-esteem c. Self-actualization d. Self-transcendence e. Hierarchy of needs

c

Amy was sure everyone noticed how nervous she was when she spoke in front of the entire school, but later no one that she talked to mentioned it. What is the term for the belief that others are always noticing and evaluating us more than they really are? a. Self-monitoring b. Self-schemas c. Possible selves d. The spotlight effect e. The social-cognitive perspective

d

Critics of humanistic psychology have suggested that this theory fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for which of the following? a. Empathy b. Love c. Negativity d. Evil e. Laziness

d