Chapter 10 Quiz

The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the... A. induced motivation effect B. Hawthorne effect C. Taylor effect D. Type II effect

B. Hawthorne effect

_________ was the dominant strategy for improving worker productivity during the early 1900s. A. Management by objective B. Scientific management C. Job enrichment D. Social darwinism

B. Scientific management

_________ is the term William Ouchi used to refer to the management approach typically used by firms in the United States. A. Type O B. Type A C. Type J D. Type Z

B. Type A

Generation X employees are likely to... A. lack the drive and ambition of earlier generations. B. be more concerned with career security than with job security. C. be poor at providing feedback to others. D. be less willing to move and change jobs.

B. be more concerned with career security than with job security.

According to Maslow, a higher order need... A. never provides as much motivation as a lower order need. B. becomes a source of motivation after lower order needs are satisfied. C. contributed directly to the physical survival of the individual. D. always provides greater motivation than a lower order need.

B. becomes a source of motivation after lower order needs are satisfied.

The purpose of management by objectives is to... A. allow employees to set their own goals without consulting management. B. help employees motivate themselves with a goal-setting model that involves, discussion, review, and evaluation by management and employees. C. enable top management to set goals for the entire organization D. simplify the jobs of middle management by providing them with predetermined goals and objectives

B. help employees motivate themselves with a goal-setting model that involves, discussion, review and evaluation by management and employees.

Theory ___ managers see employees as having a general dislike or work and an unwillingness to accept responsibility. A. X B. Y C. A D. Z

A. X

According to Herzberg, the difference between motivators and hygiene factors is... A. overall, motivators related to greater job satisfaction, while hygiene factors made the work place a satisfying place to thrive. B. motivators cause persons to work smarter, while hygiene factors cause people to work harder. C. hygiene factors develop more loyalty from workers, while motivators make workers enthusiastic about moving on to a different company. D. hygiene factors make employees more enthusiastic about the work itself, whereas motivators make employees enthusiastic about how many hours they have to work and their next day off.

A. overall, motivators related to greater job satisfaction, while hygiene factors made the work place a satisfying place to thrive.

Herzberg found that good pay... A. had no effect on worker attitudes. B. was a hygiene factor rather than a motivator. C. was a significant motivator, but not as important as job security. D. was the strongest motivator.

B was a hygiene factor rather than a motivator.

According to the principles of scientific management, the best way to improve productivity is to... A. establish open two-way communication among all of the organization's employees and managers. B. use time-motion studies to find the best method of doing each job, then teach those methods to employees. C. give employees greater recognition for their efforts. D. use job rotation and job enlargement to make work more interesting and challenging.

B. use time-motion studies to find the best method of doing each job, then teach those methods to employees.

Theory ___ assumes that the average person likes work and has a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity. A. Alpha B. A C. Y D. X

C. Y

Herzberg's research identified several _________ factors that did not necessarily motivate employees if they were increased, but could cause employees to become dissatisfied if they were missing or inadequate. A. inferior B. hygiene C. negative D. retroactive

B. hygiene

The practice of moving employees from one job to another to make work more interesting is called... A. worker alternation B. job rotation C. task mobility D. job incrementation

B. job rotation

_________ blends Japanese and American management practices into a hybrid approach which calls for long-term employment, collective decision making, and individual responsibility for the outcome of decisions. A. Theory Y B. Theory X C. Theory Z D. Theory A

C. Theory Z

As a group, millennials (Gen Y) tend to be... A. less interested in technology than Baby Boomers. B. inefficient, easily bored, and uncommitted. C. adaptable, tolerant, and tech savvy. D. older and more mature than Gen Xers.

C. adaptable, tolerant, and tech savvy.

Maslow would classify the need for recognition from other and for self respect as _________ needs. A. physiological B. security C. esteem D. social

C. esteem

Herzberg's research found that safe working conditions and good pay... A. were very important motivators for professional employees and managers, but were poor motivators for unskilled employees. B. had no impact on worker morale. C. helped maintain worker satisfaction, but did little to increase motivation. D. are important motivators for most employees.

C. helped maintain worker satisfaction, but did little to increase motivation.

In Maslow's hierarchy, _________ needs refer to the desire to reach one's fullest potential. A. social B. egoistic C. self-actualization D. esteem

C. self-actualization

William Ouchi called the management approach typically used by Japanese firms... A. Type X B. Type O C. scientific management D. Type J

D. Type J

Herzberg's research found that the factor that ranked highest as a motivator was... A. the friendliness of supervisors. B. the presence of clear and consistent company rules and policies. C. a compensation system that included bonuses and regular pay raises. D. a sense of achievement.

D. a sense of achievement.

As companies restructure to create greater efficiencies in their operations, there is a greater opportunity for _________ where management combines specialized tasks in one job, and asking employees to broaden their scope of responsibilities. A. job simplification B. job confrontation C. job specialization D. job enlargement

D. job enlargement

Maslow classified the needs for basic items such as food, water, and shelter as... A. sustenance needs. B. self-actualization needs. C. safety needs. D. physiological needs.

D. physiological needs.

Maslow called the needs people have for security work and at home... A. insurance needs. B. physiological needs. C. safety needs. D. stability needs.

D. safety needs.