Chapter 10 Rosdahl Infancy & Childhood

A 4-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of leukemia. The mother is very upset and tells the nurse that the child has not wet the bed in 18 months. She asks the nurse why all of a sudden the child is wetting the bed. What is the best explanation for this behavior by the nurse to the mother?

"A child's behavior may go backward to an earlier stage of development during an acute illness."

A client arrives at a healthcare facility complaining that her daughter frequently sucks her thumb. The client wants to know about the adverse effect of thumb sucking. What would be the best response from the nurse to the client?

"Thumb sucking in children may cause permanent damage to the child's mouth structure."

Play is important to child development. Children learn about the world through play. Infant and toddler play is usually an interaction among children, the family, and simple toys. The nurse asks the mother of a toddler how long the child plays with one toy or with the family dog. The nurse is collecting this information during an admission interview. What answer by the mother would best be considered a normal finding to the nurse of the attention span of a toddler?

5 to 10 minutes

There are characteristics and a normal sequence of human growth and development. A cousin who is a nurse is watching the niece's children while the niece attends calling hours for their uncle. The youngest child continuously smiles, babbles, follows the light in the funeral home, and reacts to the noises in the environment. Based on this information, the nurse knows that this child is most likely approximately what age?

6 weeks

A nurse is explaining cognitive development in children to a client, with the help of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What would be the best explanation by the nurse about the formal operations level of cognitive development?

After age 12, children can think in the abstract including complex problem solving.

The nurse is collecting data from a 4-year-old client and mother. What are the normal cognitive and motor development expectations that should be observed by a nurse in a 4- year-old child?

Children can state their full name and age.

A nurse is explaining cognitive development in children to a client, with the help of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What would be the best explanation by the nurse about the preoperational level of cognitive development?

Children from ages 2 to 7 years investigate and explore the environment and look at things from their own point of view.

A mother tells the nurse that her child has been able to recognize a quart of milk whether it is in the milk container or poured into a plastic jug as the same amount. Based on this information that the nurse collected about the child's current cognitive development, this skill most likely is an example of what concrete operation characteristic of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Conservation of matter

There are characteristics and a normal sequence of human growth and development. The nurse sees a 2-month-old child in the pediatrician's office. This is the first child for a new mother. One day after the child was born, the mother asks the nurse to describe what the expectations are for the child during the first 3 months. Based on the mother's question to the nurse, what would be the best explanation by the nurse about the major level of cognitive development for a 2-month-old child?

Develop preferred sleeping position and cry to signal needs

A client with a 3-year-old son wants to know the impact of her child failing to meet a challenge in the developmental process. Based on the data collected the nurse knows that what would occur if Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is applied?

Difficulty achieving the next level of development

When discussing the growth and development of an infant with a client, the nurse refers to various theories and phases of development. The nurse is reviewing the major points of Erikson's theory with a client. What would be the best explanation of this theory to the client by the nurse?

Each stage of development contains a psychosocial challenge or critical period during which the person must deal with a major life change.

A nurse is discussing feeding practices with the mother of a 3-month-old infant. The mother describes propping the bottle on a blanket in the crib. Which is the highest priority consequence of this practice that the nurse should monitor when caring for the infant?

Erosion of tooth enamel

Growth and development, which is considered a single process, continues throughout childhood and into adulthood. Most children are able to perform certain tasks at about the same age, although normal variations exist. A mother asks the nurse what is the first solid food that can be given to the infant. Based on the fact that most children are able to perform certain tasks at about the same age, what would be the best food for the nurse to tell the mother to introduce first to the infant?

Iron-fortified cereal

There are characteristics and a normal sequence of human growth and development. The nurse sees a 3-month-old child in the pediatrician's office. The mother asks the nurse what the normal level of cognitive development should be for a 3-month-old child. Based on this information, what would the nurse teach the client's mother as being the major level of cognitive development for a 3-month-old child?

Laughs, squeals, and looks at objects for several seconds, and reaches for and grasps objects

The nurse is collecting data about a baby in the well-baby clinic. The nurse reads in the electronic medical record that cephalocaudal direction movements are present. What are examples of cephalocaudal direction movements?

Lift head before sitting, Make sounds before being able to walk

According to Erikson's theory, at each stage of development, a significant person or group exerts a lasting influence on the ongoing development of the child. The student nurse is preparing a short report for a postclinical conference during the pediatric rotation. The student nurse is doing a case study report on the assigned child and family for which she cared during the clinical experience. The family consists of an infant, school-aged child, teenager, mother, and father. What individuals in this family exert the most lasting influence on the ongoing development of the infant?

Mother & Father

Play is important to child development. Children learn about the world through play. The parents of a preschooler tell the nurse that the child frequently plays with other children side by side with the same type of toys but rarely interacts with the other children's toys. Based on the data collected by the nurse, the nurse would most likely contribute this finding to what type of play by the preschooler?

Parallel play

A nurse educator is explaining cognitive development in children to a group of nursing students, with the help of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. The nursing instructor asks the group of nursing students to identify the characteristics of cognition at the level of concrete operations. Based on this information, what would be the correct characteristics identified by the nursing students at the concrete operations level of Piaget's theory?

Reversibility, Seriation, Conservation of matter

The nurse is collecting data about a baby in the well-baby clinic. The nurse reads in the electronic medical record that proximodistal direction movements are present. What is the best interaction for this description in the record?

Roll over before grasping objects.

A mother has just delivered her first baby and asks the nurse about routines at home. Based on this question, what information should the nurse teach the new mother about establishing routines with an infant?

Routines establish trust along with learning to expect.

Play is important to child development. Children learn about the world through play.The parents of a young girl tell the nurse that the child frequently plays alone with her own toys in the same area as other children, but never interacts with the other children. The parents are worried that something is wrong developmentally with the child. Based on the data collected by the nurse, the nurse best explanation to the parents would be that this is best described as what type of normal play by the child?

Solitary play

The nurse is collecting data from the parents of a 2-year-old child. While attempting to get information from the parents, the child starts to cry, scream, and lash out every time the nurse tries to pick up the child from the mother's arms. Based on this observation, what conclusion would best be considered by the nursing about this 2-year-old child?

The nurse recognizes that the child is displaying normal toddler development.

A nurse is helping a father understand expected behaviors of his 8-year-old son. The nurse is teaching the father that, by this age, the boy is in the concrete operations stage of development. What are the most common characteristics that the nurse can tell the father that are displayed by children at this level according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

They have the ability to understand quantities, such as weight and volume.

The nurse is educating the family regarding normal behavior for their 2-year-old daughter. Why is it important for the nurse to understand normal behavior in a child?

To distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children from ages 2 to 7 are in the preoperational major level of cognitive development. The nurse is collecting data from parents of a 4-year-old child. Which would be an appropriate example given by the parents to the nurse of children in the preoperational stage?

Wishing the dog would quit eating their blocks and now feeling responsible because the dog has ran away