Chapter 10 smartbook

What are companies doing to respond effectively to the increasing segmentation of the marketplace?

Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization?

demographics characteristics

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______.

development

Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______.

diagnose problems

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

disruption of group relationships

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______.

disruption of the group relationship

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______.

innovation strategy

A set of interdependent processes, practices, and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.

innovation system

The process of creating a new solution to an existing problem is valuable enough that consumers are willing to pay is referred to as:

innovation.

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______.

is resulting in a loss of status

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______.

it is a surprise

Which of the following is a purpose of organizational development?

managing conflict

Innovations must be ______.

novel

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the Marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______.

peer pressure

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or creating a new one, is called ______ innovation.

product

The process of changing the appearance or performance of a product or service is known as ______ innovation.

product

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______.

top managers are not committed

What are the stages of the Lewin model for change?

unfreezing, changing, refreezing

Self-compassion is best described as ______.

gentleness with yourself

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______.

how they were taught to handle change as children

Jane is planning to implement the same work scheduling system in the accounting department that her company uses in the retail division. Which type of change does this represent?

Adaptive change

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened?

Adaptive change

How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis?

-By consulting company records -By attending meetings and performing direct observation -By using surveys and questionnaires

Which of the following should organizational structure and internal processes foster to help promote innovation?

-Collaboration -Cross-functional communication -Agility

Which of the following are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business?

-Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information. -The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers.

Which of the following are among the seven components of fostering innovation?

-Creating an innovation strategy -Getting commitment from top managers -Establishing the required structure and processes -Instituting the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers.

-Diagnosis (What is the problem?) -Intervention (What should we do to fix it?) -Evaluation (How well has the intervention worked?) -Feedback (How can the diagnosis and intervention be further refined?)

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change?

-Employee characteristics -Change agent characteristics

Which of the following statements about self-affirmation are true?

-It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals. -It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts.

Which statements about openness to change are true?

-It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. -It is an example of an important career readiness competency. -It is critical for the success of organizational change.

Which of the following are increased by employee openness to change?

-Job satisfaction -Continuous learning

What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies?

-Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation. -Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization.

What are the target elements of change?

-Methods -People -Organizational arrangements -Social factors

Which factors commonly cause employees to resist change?

-Peer pressure -Loss of status or job security -Fear of the unknown

What are three things that can help you achieve more self-compassion?

-Remember you are not alone. -Practice self-kindness. -Engage in mindfulness meditation.

What are the parts of a systems model of change?

-Target elements of change -Inputs -outputs

Which factors are likely to cause resistance to change?

-The potential for loss of status -Fears about job security

Place the stages of Lewin's model of change in the correct order, with the first stage listed at the top and the final stage listed at the bottom.

1. unfreezing 2. changing 3.refreezing

Place the steps in the OD process in the correct order, with the first step listed at the top.

1.diagnosis 2.intervention 3.evaluation 4.feedback

Which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true?

Competitors may be in and out of the market within days.

Which of the following is a tactic increasingly used by companies to help them innovate and involves soliciting contributions from many people, often via the Internet, in order to collect needed services, ideas, or content?

Crowdsourcing

What is the first step in organizational development?

Diagnosis

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization?

Education

Organizational development is used to hire new executives.

False

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change?

Fear of failure

At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent?

Fostering an innovative culture and climate

One assumption that is central to a systems approach to change is that change ______.

creates a ripple effect through an organization

Which of the following is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

Peer pressure

Which of the following best describes "demassification"?

Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups

Which statement about organizational development is true?

Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions.

Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

True

The company Tonya works for has been eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______.

a climate of mistrust

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______.

being open and honest with changes

Tom's company is very successful, even though they expect most new ideas to fail. This is likely due to an organizational culture that ______.

celebrates failure as an important part of fostering innovation

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization.

conflict

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to ______.

fear of failure

Making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise, rather than attempting to foresee them, is referred to as ______ change.

reactive

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.

resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______.

responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______.

self-affirmations

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achieving the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.

senior leaders

As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ______ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon.

speed

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business.

supertrends

Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization.

technological advancements

Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ______.

technology