chapter# 10 The Endocrine System
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is: (mark all that apply) A hormone produced in the anterior pituitary A regulating hormone secreted by the hypothalamus A hormone that controls thyroid gland secretions A hormone that is regulated by Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
A hormone produced in the anterior pituitary A hormone that controls thyroid gland secretions A hormone that is regulated by Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Which hormones help regulate blood pressure and volume? A)ADH and ANH B)Aldosterone and leptin C)ADH and PTH D)All apply.
A)ADH and ANH
Which of the following is NOT a result of Cushing syndrome? A)Bronzing of the skin B)Fat deposited in the trunk C)Moon-shaped face D)Hypertension
A)Bronzing of the skin
What condition occurs due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? A)Cushing syndrome B)Diabetes insipidus C)Addison disease D)Hashimoto's disease
A)Cushing syndrome
What is the stimulus for the release of glucagon? A)Decreasing blood glucose levels B)Decreasing blood sodium levels C)Increasing blood glucose levels D)Increasing blood calcium levels
A)Decreasing blood glucose levels
Which type of gland secretes directly into tissue fluids and the blood without ducts? A)Endocrine B)Exocrine
A)Endocrine
Which of the following functions to regulate a short term response to stress? A)Epinephrine B)Glucocorticoids C)Mineralocorticoids D)All apply.
A)Epinephrine
What hormone is NOT involved in regulating fuel metabolism? A)Ghrelin B)Cortisol C)Glucagon D)Insulin
A)Ghrelin
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent or control type II diabetes mellitus? A)High fat diet B)Regular exercise C)Low sugar diet D)Maintain a healthy weight
A)High fat diet
What stimulus will cause the secretion of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)? A)Increased blood volume in the atria of the heart B)Increased blood volume in the kidneys C)Decreased blood sodium levels D)None apply.
A)Increased blood volume in the atria of the heart
Which of the following is NOT true of a peptide hormone? A)It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes. B)It binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane. C)It activates a second messenger inside the cell that causes cellular changes. D)Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger.
A)It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes.
What is the function of thyroxine? A)It increases the metabolic rate. B)It stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water. C)It raises blood sugar. D)It stimulates protein synthesis.
A)It increases the metabolic rate.
Which portion of the adrenal gland may be associated with the sympathetic nervous system? A)Medulla B)Cortex C)Medulla and cortex
A)Medulla
Which of the following is NOT a target organ of parathyroid hormone? A)Muscle B)Bone C)Intestines D)Kidneys
A)Muscle B)Bone
Which of the following is a new option for treatment of type I diabetes mellitus? A)Pancreatic islet transplantation B)Skin patches C)Gel-coated pills D)All apply.
A)Pancreatic islet transplantation
Which of the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus is NOT correctly matched with its term? A)Polydipsia - extreme hunger B)Polyuria - excessive urination C)Ketonuria - ketones in the urine D)Glycosuria - glucose in the urine
A)Polydipsia - extreme hunger
What chemical is secreted by the kidneys when blood sodium is low and (or)blood pressure is low? A)Renin B)Angiotensin C)ACTH D)Aldosterone
A)Renin
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Addison's disease? A)Retention of sodium and water leading to high blood pressure B)Excessive,but ineffective ACTH C)Bronzing of the skin D)Loss of sodium and water leading to low blood pressure
A)Retention of sodium and water leading to high blood pressure
Which endocrine gland is NOT found in the cranial cavity? A)Thymus gland B)Pineal gland C)Pituitary gland D)Hypothalamus
A)Thymus gland
Which of the following growth factors is NOT important in wound healing? A)Tumor angiogenesis factor B)Epidermal growth factor C)Nerve growth factor D)Platelet-derived growth factor
A)Tumor angiogenesis factor
Leptin is associated with A)adipose tissue. B)the pineal gland. C)the thymus gland. D)the liver.
A)adipose tissue.
Epinephrine is produced by the A)adrenal medullA. B)adrenal cortex. C)thyroid gland. D)thymus.
A)adrenal medullA
The adenohypophysis is another name for the A)anterior pituitary gland. B)hypothalamus. C)posterior pituitary gland. D)None apply.
A)anterior pituitary gland.
An increase in growth hormone during growing years will cause A)gigantism. B)pituitary dwarfism. C)acromegaly. D)diabetes insipidus.
A)gigantism
Simple goiter A)is due to lack of iodine. B)is due to high levels of thyroxine in the blood. C)is an enlargement of the thymus gland. D)is described by all of these characteristics.
A)is due to lack of iodine.
Calcitonin A)is produced by the thyroid gland. B)is produced by the parathyroid gland. C)lowers the metabolic rate. D)is produced by the parathyroid gland and lowers the metabolic rate.
A)is produced by the thyroid gland.
Most hormone action is regulated by A)negative feedback mechanisms. B)positive feedback mechanisms. C)the central nervous system. D)digestive mechanisms.
A)negative feedback mechanisms.
The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by means of a A)portal system of blood capillaries and veins. B)group of secretory neurons. C)connection with the posterior pituitary gland. D)All apply.
A)portal system of blood capillaries and veins.
______ and oxytocin are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. They are released into the bloodstream in response to nerve impulses coming from the hypothalamus. FSH ADH TSH LH
ADH
Discuss the role of the pancreas in the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
As blood glucose levels increase,the pancreas secretes insulin,which enables cells to use glucose,therefore lowering the glucose level in the blood.The pancreas also secretes glucagon when blood glucose levels decrease which stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver which raises the glucose level in the blood.
How does PTH stimulate absorption of calcium from the intestines? A)Increases peristalsis B)Activates calcitriol C)Activates osteoclasts D)Stimulates intestinal enzymes
B)Activates calcitrol
Which endocrine gland produces the most hormones? A)Posterior pituitary B)Anterior pituitary C)Thyroid gland D)Adrenal gland
B)Anterior pituitary
What hormone is antagonistic to the actions of aldosterone? A)Cortisol B)Atrial natriuretic hormone C)ACTH D)Epinephrine
B)Atrial natriuretic hormone
Which of the following are gonadotropic hormones? A)ACTH and FSH B)FSH and LH C)LH and TSH D)ACTH and TSH
B)FSH and LH
Hyperthyroidism in adults caused by over secretion of thyroxine is known as A)simple goiter. B)Graves disease. C)myxedema. D)acromegaly.
B)Graves disease.
Which of the following is NOT a result of the secretion of estrogens and progesterone? A)Growth of the uterus and breasts B)Growth of the vocal cords C)Widening of the hips D)Uterine cycle
B)Growth of the vocal cords
Which promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen? A)Glucagon B)Insulin C)Glucagon and insulin
B)Insulin
What element is needed for thyroxine production? A)Calcium B)Iodine C)Sodium D)Potassium Multiple Choice B
B)Iodine
Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone group? A)Modified amino acids B)Lipids C)Proteins D)Glycoproteins
B)Lipids
Which of the following is NOT true of glucocorticoids? A)Promotes the metabolism of fatty acids instead of carbohydrates. B)Promotes kidney absorption of sodium. C)Promotes the breakdown of muscle proteins to amino acids. D)Can lead to an increase in blood glucose levels.
B)Promotes kidney absorption of sodium.
What hormones are the ultimate controllers of fuel metabolism? A)Insulin and glucagon B)Thyroxine and triiodothyronine C)Epinephrine and cortisol D)Somatostatin and insulin
B)Thyroxine and triiodothyronine
The pituitary hormone ACTH will stimulate the ____ to produce its hormones. A)thyroid gland B)adrenal cortex C)adrenal medulla D)gonads
B)adrenal cortex
Parathyroid hormone is antagonistic to A)thyroxine. B)calcitonin. C)thyroid-stimulating hormone. D)aldosterone.
B)calcitonin.
The hormone that signals hunger is A)gastrin. B)ghrelin. C)leptin. D)melatonin.
B)ghrelin.
Myxedema is characterised by all of the following EXCEPT A)lethargy and lower pulse. B)hyperactivity and insomnia. C)weight gain. D)lowered body temperature.
B)hyperactivity and insomnia.
Melatonin is associated with the A)adipose tissue. B)pineal gland. C)thymus gland. D)hypothalamus.
B)pineal gland.
A group of chemicals that have local effects instead of being released into the blood are known as A)epidermal growth factors. B)prostaglandins. C)pyrogens. D)steroid hormones.
B)prostaglandins.
Aldosterone will cause _______ of sodium,while ANH will cause ____ of sodium. A)excretion;reabsorption B)reabsorption;excretion
B)reabsorption;excretion
The gonadotropins secreted by the________ pituitary gland are follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and______________
Blank 1: anterior Blank 2: LH or luteinizing hormone
The two major types of stress hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are------ and--------- .
Blank 1: mineralocorticoids Blank 2: glucocorticoids
Which of the following is NOT true about the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? A)ADH is produced by the hypothalamus. B)ADH causes water to be reabsorbed into kidney capillaries. C)ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland. D)ADH causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.
C)ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland.
What condition occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? A)Cushing syndrome B)Diabetes insipidus C)Addison disease D)Hashimoto's disease
C)Addison disease
Which of the following is NOT an example of antagonistic hormones? A)Aldosterone,atrial natriuretic hormone B)Calcitonin,parathyroid hormone C)Androgens,estrogens D)Insulin,glucagon
C)Androgens,estrogens
Which of the following is NOT a result of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? A)Blood pressure increases due to constriction of arterioles. B)Blood pressure increases due to reabsorption of sodium and therefore water into the blood. C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles. D)Blood volume increases due to the effect of ADH.
C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles.
Which of the following are portions of the adrenal glands? A)Anterior and posterior B)Lateral and medial C)Cortex and medulla D)Dorsal and ventral
C)Cortex and medulla
Which of the following is NOT true about the pancreas? A)Exocrine tissue produces digestive enzymes. B)Endocrine tissue produces hormones. C)Exocrine tissue is called the pancreatic islets. D)The hormones released maintain glucose homeostasis.
C)Exocrine tissue is called the pancreatic islets.
Which of the following is NOT true of growth hormone (GH)? A)GH stimulates protein synthesis in bone,cartilage,and muscle. B)GH increases the rate of amino acid uptake by cells. C)GH is also known as vasopressin. D)GH promotes fat metabolism as opposed to glucose metabolism.
C)GH is also known as vasopressin.
Exophthalmic goiter is a characteristic of A)congenital hypothyroidism. B)myxedema. C)Graves' disease. D)acromegaly.
C)Graves' disease.
Which of the following is NOT an effect of the release of parathyroid hormone? A)Release of calcium from bones B)Increased reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys C)Increased blood phosphate levels D)Activation of vitamin D for increased intestinal absorption of calcium
C)Increased blood phosphate levels
What is the stimulus for the release of insulin? A)Decreasing blood glucose levels B)Decreasing blood sodium levels C)Increasing blood glucose levels D)Increasing blood calcium levels
C)Increasing blood glucose levels
Which of the following is NOT true of a steroid hormone? A)It diffuses into the cell and binds to its receptor protein. B)The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA. C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes. D)Intracellular enzymes,made from the DNA,direct cellular changes.
C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.
Which of these best describes a negative feedback control mechanism? A)High blood glucose causes pancreatic secretion of insulin. B)Insulin causes the liver to store glucose as glycogen. C)Low blood glucose inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin. D)When the pancreas is not secreting insulin,it is secreting glucagon.
C)Low blood glucose inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin.
What type of cells produce oxytocin and ADH? A)Glandular cells B)Neurons C)Neurosecretory cells D)Neurohypophysis cells
C)Neurosecretory cells
Which of the following is NOT true concerning oxytocin? A)Oxytocin increases uterine contractions during childbirth. B)Oxytocin produces milk let-down during nursing. C)Oxytocin is a steroid hormone. D)Oxytocin is controlled by positive feedback.
C)Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.
Which hormones regulate blood calcium balance? A)Calcitrol and calcitonin B)Cortisol and PTH C)PTH and calcitonin D)Cortisol and thyroxine
C)PTH and calcitonin
What type of chemical signals occur between individuals? A)Prostaglandins B)Growth factors C)Pheromones D)Pyrogens
C)Pheromones
What hormone causes breast development and production of milk? A)Oxytocin B)Gonadotropins C)Prolactin D)ADH
C)Prolactin
Which body system is least affected by actions of the endocrine system? A)Digestive system B)Cardiovascular system C)Respiratory system D)Urinary system
C)Respiratory system
Which of the following is NOT true of androgens? A)Causes growth of body and pubic hair B)Stimulates oil and sweat glands C)Small amounts are produced by the adrenal medulla D)Enlarges the vocal cords to lower the voice
C)Small amounts are produced by the adrenal medulla
Which endocrine gland is found in the thoracic cavity,superior to the heart? A)Thyroid gland B)Adrenal gland C)Thymus gland D)Pancreatic islets
C)Thymus gland
An increase in growth hormone after growing years will cause A)gigantism. B)pituitary dwarfism. C)acromegaly. D)diabetes insipidus.
C)acromegaly.
The most important mineralocorticoid is A)cortisol. B)epinephrine. C)aldosterone. D)norepinephrine.
C)aldosterone
Melatonin is released in response to A)increased sunlight. B)staying awake later into the night. C)decreased sunlight. D)going to bed earlier.
C)decreased sunlight.
Chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands or tissues are called A)serous secretions. B)mucus. C)hormones. D)synovial fluiD.
C)hormones.
When ions or molecules in the blood stimulate the release of a hormone,it is called _______ control. A)hormonal B)nervous C)humoral D)molecular
C)humoral
The _______ produces erythropoietin that stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. A)liver B)adrenal gland C)kidney D)pancreas
C)kidney
The main stimulus for the release of aldosterone comes from the A)adrenal medullA. B)anterior pituitary. C)kidneys. D)lungs.
C)kidneys.
Hypothyroidism in adults caused by decreased production of thyroxine is known as A)simple goiter. B)Graves disease. C)myxedema. D)exophthalmic goiter.
C)myxedema.
Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the A)adenohypophysis. B)hypothalamus. C)neurohypophysis. D)midbrain.
C)neurohypophysis.
The male hormone secreted by the testes is A)estrogen. B)progesterone. C)testosterone. D)gonadotropins.
C)testosterone.
Lymphocyte differentiation occurs in the A)adipose tissue. B)pineal gland. C)thymus gland. D)thyroiD.
C)thymus gland.
What are the target tissues for glucagon? A)Pancreas and liver B)Skeletal muscle and liver C)Liver and kidneys D)Adipose tissue and liver
D)Adipose tissue and liver
Atrial natriuretic hormone A)is produced by the heart. B)is secreted when blood volume is too high. C)inhibits aldosterone secretion. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Cortisol A)reduces inflammation,pain,and swelling. B)may be used to treat arthritis. C)may suppress the immune system. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
The action(s)of aldosterone is (are)to A)promote renal reabsorption of water. B)promote renal excretion of potassium. C)promote renal reabsorption of sodium. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
The production and release of hormones is controlled by A)other hormones. B)nervous system. C)other chemical substances. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Type I diabetes mellitus A)is due to lack of insulin. B)results in sugar in the urine. C)is less common than type II diabetes. D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Which of the following are types of chemical signals? A)Hormones B)Prostaglandins C)Neurotransmitters D)All apply.
D)All apply.
Which of the following hormones will affect another endocrine gland? A)TSH B)ACTH C)Gonadotropins D)All apply.
D)All apply.
A deficiency of ADH will result in A)diabetes insipidus. B)diabetes mellitus. C)large urine volume and increased thirst. D)Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.
D)Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.
ACTH A)is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. B)stimulates the adrenal cortex. C)stimulates the adrenal medulla. D)Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.
D)Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.
Calcitonin A)raises blood calcium. B)lowers blood calcium. C)deposits excess calcium into bones. D)Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.
D)Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.
Insulin results in A)most cells taking up glucose. B)fat cells making more fat. C)converting glycogen to glucose. D)Both most cells taking up glucose and fat cells making more fat are correct.
D)Both most cells taking up glucose and fat cells making more fat are correct.
The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by producing A)nerve impulses. B)releasing hormones. C)inhibiting hormones. D)Both releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are correct.
D)Both releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are correct.
With what portion of the brain is the pituitary associated? A)Cerebrum B)Cerebellum C)Thalamus D)Hypothalamus
D)Hypothalamus
Which of the following is NOT a long term complication of diabetes mellitus? A)Blindness B)Kidney and heart disease C)Atherosclerosis D)Loss of hearing
D)Loss of hearing
What is the target organ of thyroxine? A)Pancreas B)Ovaries C)Adrenal glands D)No specific organs;most body cells
D)No specific organs;most body cells
Which endocrine glands are located in the abdominal cavity? A)Pancreas and thyroid gland B)Pineal gland and parathyroid glands C)Adrenal glands and ovaries D)Pancreas and adrenal glands
D)Pancreas and adrenal glands
Which of the following is NOT a short-term stress response? A)Heartbeat and blood pressure increase B)Blood glucose levels increase C)Muscles are energized D)Reduction of inflammation
D)Reduction of inflammation
Which hormone is needed for thyroxine production? A)ACTH B)GH C)ADH D)TSH
D)TSH
Which growth factor stimulates the formation of capillary networks? A)Epidermal growth factor B)Granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor C)Platelet-derived growth factor D)Tumor angiogenesis factor
D)Tumor angiogenesis factor
A decrease in blood Na+ levels stimulates the release of the hormone,aldosterone,from the adrenal cortex.This is an example of _______ control. A)nervous B)hormonal C)tropic D)humoral
D)humoral
The pancreatic islets A)produce insulin. B)produce glucagon. C)produce digestive enzymes. D)produce both insulin and glucagon.
D)produce both insulin and glucagon.
Hypocalcemia can result in A)muscle weakness. B)renal failure. C)depressed nervous system. D)tetany.
D)tetany.
Which of the following best describes a disease involving an abnormality of glucose metabolism caused by an inability of cells to recognize or use insulin? Addison disease Hyperthyroidism Diabetes insipidus Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus
An autoimmune disease of the thyroid is myxedema. True False
False: An autoimmune disease of the thyroid is Graves disease.
Excessive PTH can lead to hypocalcemia. True False
False: Deficient PTH can lead to hypocalcemia.
NIDDM tends to occur in active juveniles. True False False
False: NIDDM tends to occur in people of any age that are obese.
The adrenal medulla is under parasympathetic nervous system control. True False
False: The adrenal medulla is under sympathetic nervous system control.
The incidence of diabetes insipidus increases as we age. True False
False: The incidence of diabetes mellitus increases as we age.
The pancreas is composed of glandular and nervous tissue. . True False
False: The pancreas is composed of exocrine and endocrine glandular tissues
A lack of testosterone causes baldness. True False
False: The presence of testosterone with the gene causes baldness.
The sympathetic nervous system achieves the same results as epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal cortex. True False
False: The sympathetic nervous system achieves the same results as epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal medulla.
Gonadotropins include: (select all that apply) Prolactin (PRL) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Identify the causes of diabetes mellitus. Hyposecretion of insulin by the pancreas Inability of cells to recognize ADH Inability of cells to recognize/metabolize insulin Hyposecretion of anti-diuretic hormone Hypersecretion of insulin
Hyposecretion of insulin by the pancreas Inability of cells to recognize/metabolize insulin
The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are: In the intestines, it promotes absorption of calcium. In bones, it stimulates osteoblast activity. In bones, it stimulates osteoclast activity. In the kidneys, it promotes reabsorption of calcium.
In the intestines, it promotes absorption of calcium. In bones, it stimulates osteoclast activity. In the kidneys, it promotes reabsorption of calcium.
What effect will anabolic steroids have on muscle growth? Decrease muscle growth Increase muscle growth
Increase muscle growth
What effect will anabolic steroids have on muscle growth? Increase muscle growth Decrease muscle growth
Increase muscle growth
Explain what is meant by negative feedback in reference to hormone regulation.
Negative feedback regulates hormone production.As the amount of the hormone or a product it produces increases,it feeds back to decrease or inhibit the release of that hormone.For example,as blood sugar levels increase,the pancreas releases insulin which enables glucose to move into cells to be used or into the liver for storage.This reduces blood sugar levels which will then decrease the release of insulin.
Compare peptide and steroid hormone action.
Peptide hormones bind to receptors on plasma membranes and activate enzymes that produce the "second messenger" molecule cAMP.cAMP activates enzymes that carry out various cell activities.Some peptide hormones use calcium ions as second messengers.Steroid hormones directly enter cells and bind to receptor molecules in the nucleus.The hormone-receptor complex then binds to DNA and activates certain genes.
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland is: TSH FSH ACTH LH
TSH
Name the gland that is attached anteriorly to the trachea and is inferior to the larynx. Parathyroid gland Pineal gland Thyroid gland Thalamus gland
Thyroid gland
Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is the adenohypophysis. True False
True
Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are problems of the elderly. True False
True
Declining immune response in the elderly may be a result of thymus gland shrinkage. True False
True
Estrogen causes a greater accumulation of subcutaneous fat in women than in men. True False
True
PTH acts to raise blood calcium levels. True False
True
The body's response to the external environment is aided by the endocrine system. True False
True
The hormones secreted by the thymus are called thymosins. True False
True
The pineal gland is considered to be our biological clock. True False
True
Synthetic forms of testosterone are called_________ steroids.
anabolic
Which of the following mechanisms are regulated by the hypothalamus? body temperature secretions of the pancreas secretions of the pituitary gland heartbeat water balance
body temperature secretions of the pituitary gland heartbeat water balance
Peptide hormones usually bind to receptors in the: cell cytoplasm cell nucleus cell membrane
cell membrane
The regulation of gastric activity and glucose storage is an example of homeostasis between the endocrine system and the digestive system urinary system reproductive system
digestive system
The_______ system includes tissues and glands that secrete hormones.
endocrine
The two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are: epinephrine and norepinephrine tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine glucagon and insulin aldosterone and cortisol
epinephrine and norepinephrine
True or false: The thymus is at its largest size and most active in an adult.
false
Based on the site of their target cells, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are referred to as a type of hormone called a ______. gonadotropin corticotropin thyrotropin
gonadotropin
Along with the thymus gland and the pineal gland, the _____ are also endocrine glands. appendix gonads gall bladder liver
gonads
Which of the following organs/tissues are part of the endocrine system? heart lymph small intestine kidney adipose tissue
heart small intestine kidney adipose tissue
Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder resulting in symptoms of cardiovascular disease, high body temperature, weight loss, and mental confusion. These can be either signs of old age, or signs of _____. hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
The structure that regulates the internal environment of the body is the _____. hypothalamus pituitary gland cerebrum pineal gland
hypothalamus
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT) are synthesized in the _______. Nerve impulses causes their release from the ______ (where they are stored) into the bloodstream. posterior pituitary; hypothalamus anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary hypothalamus; anterior pituitary hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
A patient presents with symptoms of hair loss, skin discoloration, and confusion. The patient is in her mid 60's, has been very active until recently. At first the patient thought it was just "growing old" but it could be hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism
hypothyroidism
Effects of thyroid hormone are: loss of hair rapid weight gain increase glucose metabolism increase in metabolic rate decreased body temperature
increase glucose metabolism increase in metabolic rate
The function of thyroid hormone is to: decrease bone growth increase the metabolic rate decrease the metabolic rate stimulate the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone
increase the metabolic rate
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ______ blood calcium concentration and ______ blood phosphate ion concentration. decreases; increases maintains, increases increases; decreases
increases; decreases
Which of the following describe(s) how the digestive system is maintained by the endocrine system: endocrine hormones help control secretion of digestive glands insulin regulates blood glucose levels endocrine hormones help control secretions of accessory digestive glands excess sugar is secreted by the kidney as urine
insulin regulates blood glucose levels endocrine hormones help control secretions of accessory digestive glands endocrine hormones help control secretion of digestive glands
Androgens stimulating sebaceous glands and regulating hair growth is an example of homeostasis between the endocrine system and the: skeletal system urinary system integumentary system lymphatic system
integumentary system
The adrenal glands are located atop each __________
kidney
The maturation of lymphocytes is an example of homeostasis between the endocrine system and the: lymphatic system urinary system skeletal system integumentary system
lymphatic system
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are synthesized in the part of the adrenal gland called the adrenal __________
medulla
The pineal gland secretes------ in response to light conditions outside the body.
melatonin
Match each of the following hormones with its source. natriuretic hormone=heart erythropoietin=kidney leptin=adipose tissue
natriuretic hormone=heart erythropoietin=kidney leptin=adipose tissue
The ______ is an elongated organ that lies within the abdominal cavity; it is located medial to the kidneys, and adjacent to the duodenum. pancreas ovary adrenal gland testis
pancreas
The_______ glands are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
parathyroid
The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythms is the ______ gland thymus pineal parathyroid pituitary
pineal
The pancreas: (Select all that apply) produces hormones that control digestive activity produces digestive juices produces hormones that regulate blood glucose secretes digestive juices into the stomach is both an exocrine and endocrine gland
produces digestive juices produces hormones that regulate blood glucose is both an exocrine and endocrine gland
Glands that are also components of the endocrine system include: reproductive organs pineal gland thymus salivary glands gall bladder
reproductive organs pineal gland thymus
As peptide hormones can't freely pass through the cell membrane, in order to cause a change in the cell they have to use a: first messenger second messenger direct messenger neurotransmitter
second messenger
Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids are ______ hormones produced by the adrenal _____. stress; medulla sex; medulla sex; cortex stress; cortex
stress; cortex
A group of symptoms associated with the malfunctioning of an organ or gland is called a______________
syndrome
When an endocrine gland stops working properly, often many different symptoms appear. The term that refers to the group of symptoms is: syndrome center collection grouping
syndrome
The androgen produced by the testes is _________
testosterone
Which of the following statements are true about the female gonads? they produce progesterone they produce estrogen they are located in the pelvic cavity they are called ovaries they produce testosterone
they produce progesterone they produce estrogen they are located in the pelvic cavity they are called ovaries
Which of the following are components of the endocrine system: tissues and organs that are collectively called glands, and the hormones they secrete brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs and cells that communicate with each other using chemical signals called neurotransmitters skin and various accessory organs, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and a fluid called lymph
tissues and organs that are collectively called glands, and the hormones they secrete