Chapter 11

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the

Five Factor Model

'What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?

They can be scientifically tested.

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned:

beliefs and expectations

A(an) Jocus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an locus control is the belief that we control our own outcomes,

external; internal

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an)

extrovert

When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using?

moving toward people

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

The concept of suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

selective migration

theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

The is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one "generation to the next.

collective unconscious

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions:

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?

generativity vs. stagnation

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Carl Jung referred to the as the mask we adopt.

persona

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is

self-actualization

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded