Chapter 11

Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of policy development. logic and control. classification. high complexity. imprecise rules.

classification.

Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession. True False

False

Which of the following is not a typical component or capability of an enterprise content management system? tagging tools KWS social networking tools digital asset management LMS

KWS

3-D printers can produce fully functioning components, such as working batteries and LEDs. True False

True

Both structured and unstructured documents can contain knowledge. True False

True

Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules. True False

True

Investment workstations allow groups to work together on documents. are used by senior executives to plan the financial future of firms. provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. provide an important source of expertise for organizations. are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations and manage the investment process.

are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations and manage the investment process.

Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique? LMS VRML case-based reasoning digital asset management computer-aided design

case-based reasoning

You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is artificial intelligence. case-based reasoning. fuzzy logic. a neural network. expert system.

fuzzy logic.

Systems that integrate different types of techniques, such as genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and expert systems, into a single application are called ________ systems. hybrid AI machine learning CAD enterprise learning differential intelligence

hybrid AI

What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient methods for their trucks to deliver goods? CBR genetic algorithms fuzzy logic intelligent agents neural networks

intelligent agents

About ________ percent of the United States GDP is produced by the knowledge and information sectors. 65 85 25 15 45

45

Technology that consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior is called fuzzy logic. learning management systems. AI technology. neural networks. genetic algorithms.

AI technology.

________ seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images. CAD VRML AR LMS KWS

AR

Case-based reasoning is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine. True False

False

Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery. True False

False

Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts. True False

False

Expertise is thought to be the collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to the solution of problems. True False

False

Fuzzy logic systems "learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes. True False

False

Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets. True False

False

Intelligent techniques include CAD and VRML. True False

False

Knowledge is universally applicable and easily moved. True False

False

Knowledge workers include all of a company's workers who are tasked with managing or creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers. True False

False

Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees. True False

False

Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in informal documents. True False

False

VRML requires the use of a powerful server as well as large amounts of bandwidth. True False

False

While systems such as KWS can manage semistructured and unstructured information, enterprise-wide content management systems are designed to manage a firm's structured information. True False

False

Which of the following statements about 3D printing is not true? It is only usable to make prototypes. It creates objects layer by layer. It uses specifications in a digital file. It is also called additive manufacturing. It creates solid objects.

It is only usable to make prototypes.

Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm? It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns. It is enmeshed in a firm's culture. It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations. It is intangible. It is a cognitive event involving mental models.

It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns.

Specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called wikis. CAD systems. KMS. LMS. KWS.

KWS.

What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"? Knowledge is universally applicable. Knowledge works only in certain situations. Knowledge is hard to move. Knowledge is intangible. Knowledge is difficult to replace.

Knowledge is hard to move.

Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? Knowledge has a location. Knowledge is a firm asset. Knowledge has different forms. Knowledge is situational. Knowledge is timeless.

Knowledge is timeless.

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm? Much of the firm's value relies on being able to create knowledge. Knowledge enables firms to become more efficient in their use of scarce resources. Knowledge is unconditional. Knowledge experiences network effects as more people share it. Knowledge should be seen as an intangible key asset.

Knowledge is unconditional.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management? As knowledge increases, so does collaboration. Knowledge is useful only when shared with others. Knowledge is the end product of collaboration. Without knowledge, collaboration is difficult. Knowledge doesn't exist without collaboration.

Knowledge is useful only when shared with others.

________ often are designed and optimized for the specific tasks to be performed. LMS Virtual simulators Graphics programs CAD stations Knowledge workstations

Knowledge workstations

________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming. Intelligent techniques COP Machine learning Neural networks Genetic algorithms

Machine learning

Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? Neural networks are programmed to "learn." Genetic algorithms are designed to work with small amounts of data, while neural networks can handle large quantities of data. Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static programs. Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique.

Neural networks are programmed to "learn."

________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors. Explicit Semi-structured Unstructured Management Tacit

Semi-structured

Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations. True False

True

Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization. True False

True

For a firm, organizational resources are needed to transform data into knowledge. True False

True

Hybrid AI applications are being implemented in home appliances, such as washing machines. True False

True

Hardware and software that attempt to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain best describe a neural network. fuzzy logic. case-based reasoning. an expert system. artificial intelligence.

a neural network.

Backward chaining is a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML. the programming environment of an expert system.

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.

Forward chaining is a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. the programming environment of an expert system. a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML.

a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user.

An inference engine is a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining. a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using VRML. a strategy for searching the rule base in case-based reasoning. the programming environment of an expert system.

a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining.

A MOOC is a virtual reality system. a collaboration tool. a type of online course. an intelligent technique. a type of knowledge work system.

a type of online course.

Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery? case-based reasoning data mining transaction processing systems expert system fuzzy logic

data mining

The flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system describes wisdom. data. information. experience. knowledge.

data.

Genetic algorithms are based on logic. seek to emulate a human expert's way of solving problems. represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation. do not work for most problems.

develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation.

You are advising a multimedia company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs? enterprise content management system CAD system LMS digital asset management system VRML system

digital asset management system

Which of the following systems digitizes, indexes, and tags documents according to a coherent framework? wikis document management CAD LMS KMS

document management

Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems? enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques enterprise systems, customer support systems, and supply chain management systems management information systems, decision support systems, and transaction processing systems database management systems, expert systems, and knowledge work systems KMS, LMS, and KWS

enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques

Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system? investment workstations computer-aided design system 3D visualization system expert system virtual reality system

expert system

A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze. CAD expert system inference engine genetic algorithm neural network

neural network

Which of the following is not used to capture tacit knowledge? knowledge base expert system fuzzy logic neural network case-based reasoning

neural network

Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of interest. knowledge. practice. expertise. professionals.

practice.

A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed. COP taxonomy KMS intelligent technique KWS

taxonomy

The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is referred to as CBR. the knowledge base. an inference engine. a neural network. AI.

the knowledge base.

In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics. LMS CBR fuzzy logic data mining expert systems

CBR

Which type of intelligent agent models the behavior of consumers, stock markets, and more, by seeing them as autonomous agents that follow relatively simple rules for interaction? agent-based modeling genetic algorithm augmented reality MOOC VRML

agent-based modeling

The last step in the knowledge management value chain is disseminate. feedback. apply. store. acquire.

apply.

The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are referred to as taxonomies. neural networks. inference engines. tags. membership functions.

membership functions.

What is the first value-adding step in the knowledge business value chain? data and information acquisition apply acquire disseminate store

data and information acquisition

Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a "smart" oven that can perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is expert system. neural network. fuzzy logic. case-based reasoning. genetic algorithm.

fuzzy logic.

Apple's Siri application is an example of intelligent agents. CBR. neural networks. machine learning. artificial intelligence.

intelligent agents.

Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called business intelligence. genetic algorithms. intelligent techniques. intelligent agents. AI hybrid systems.

intelligent agents.

To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use genetic algorithms. virtual reality systems. fuzzy logic systems. CAD systems. intelligent agents.

intelligent agents.

Fuzzy logic is a type of data mining. business intelligence. neural network. case-based reasoning. intelligent technique.

intelligent technique.

Tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes a(n) investment workstation. organizational learning system. employee enrichment system. employee management system. learning management system.

learning management system.

Most knowledge workers require specialized knowledge work systems, but they also rely on schools and universities. office systems. imaging systems. data transferring systems. external feeds.

office systems.

The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of organizational and management capital. organizational routine. knowledge culture. knowledge discovery. knowledge.

organizational and management capital.

Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called organizational learning. knowledge networking. the knowledge value chain. knowledge management. change management.

organizational learning.

Virtual reality systems provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. enable acquiring, storing, and disseminating knowledge documents in a virtual world. provide an important source of expertise for organizations. provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects. allow groups to work together on documents.

provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects.

CAD workstations provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. provide an important source of expertise for organizations. allow groups to work together on documents. are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management. facilitate employee learning.

provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing.

Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge? voice-mail videos e-mail memos request for proposals

request for proposals

Expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes data. information. wisdom. tacit knowledge. experience.

tacit knowledge.

In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification. linked documented referenced tupled tagged

tagged

Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed. their rule base is so complex. it is difficult to program at this level of complexity without introducing software bugs. their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules.

their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules.

Expert systems are used for knowledge discovery. share characteristics with mainframe computing. work in very limited domains. are based on DO WHILE rules. solve problems too difficult for human experts.

work in very limited domains.