Chapter 11 bju history 7th
Zheng He
Chinese admiral of a great convoy with an army and crew that may have numbered almost thirty thousand; presented gifts to foreign rulers and brought back treasures
The Manchus tried to become Chinese rather than make the
Chinese become Manchurian.
Ming dynasty
Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols; noted for its return to traditional Chinese ways and restoration of the land after the destructiveness of the Mongols.
Middle Kingdom
Chinese name for there land
Manchurians from a region north of China steadily gained access to and then control of the
Imperial City
It became the foundation of the modern state of
Iran
What modern country was founded on the Safavid Empire?
Iran
What did the Ottomans rename Constantinople?
Istanbul
The Chinese called their land Chung Kuo
,the middle kingdom
How long did the Manchu /Qing dynasty last?
1644-1911
The last effective Mughal ruler,__________, consumed most of the Mughal Empire's resources in conquering lower India.
Aurangzeb
Who founded the Mughal Empire?
Babur
Ottoman military weapons
Bows and short swords Fast Arabian horses Pretend retreats
What nation gained control of India in 1803?
Britian
Weak leadership and internal strife had undermined the strength of the once-mighty
Byzantine empire.
The last four emperors became distracted with matters not related to governing
China
Why was the Chinese concept of the Middle Kingdom contrary to a biblical worldview?
It was based on a pride of nationalism. This pride was contrary to the biblical teaching that all humans bear God's image (Gen. 1:26-27; Acts 17:26). It was also contrary to God's rule over nations. God determines the boundaries and times of empires (Acts 17:26). He decides who will rule and be ruled (Dan. 4:17). It is thus sinful and angering to God for people to boast about what they have simply received from God (Dan. 4:30; 1 Cor. 4:7).
China was briefly ruled by the
Mongols
Yaun Dynasty
Mongols who conquered China and took control of the country.
Babur directed his forces to practice
Muslim jihad by slaughtering their way into control of northern India.
REescricted or forbidden in Muslim land
No Orthodox or Armenian church building could be larger than the local mosque. Witnessing to Muslims Conversion of Muslims The Muslim authorities even regulated the size and ringing of the bells in Orthodox churches.
Who founded this empire? (Safavid dynasty)
Shah Ismail I
Founder of Ming Dynasty
Taizu
Why is it not accurate to call the Ottoman Empire "Turkish"?
The Ottoman Empire included a number of cultures in addition to the Turks.
What economic strategy did the Ottomans use to strengthen their empire?
The Ottomans concentrated economic development in key cities, encouraged the merchants and artisans, controlled taxation, welcomed Jews, and bought products from China and then sold them at a much higher price.
The Ottoman Empire began as a
Turkish-dominated state.
Who commanded the Chinese fleet during the 15th century?
Zheng He
The Ottomans built
a strong, powerful, and wealthy empirethat endured six centuries.
Imperial City
an imperial palace that was placed in their capital (Peking), also known as the Forbidden City (being)
The Manchus continued to promote an
attitude of superiority.
Abbas proved to be a strong leader and rebuilt centralized
authority for the Safavid Empire.
Chengzu (Yongle emperor)
became the third emperor of the Ming dynasty after defeating the second emperor, Huizong, in a civil war
Where was the Safavid Empire located?
between the Ottoman Empire and India
Mehmet II
brought an end to internal strife in the Ottoman Empire (r. 1451-81)
What weapon did the Ottomans use to break through the Byzantine defenses?
cannon
The sultan held the highest position and served as both
civil and religious leader of this Islamic empire.
They especially tried to keep China from having any
contact with the West through trade.
The Ottoman Empire became a collection of many
cultures and languages.
When were the Mongols finally able to gain control of most of India?
during the sixteenth century
Ottoman Empire
emerged during the beginning of the 14th century in the land east of the Byzantine Empire called Anatolia
The Ottomans viewed the merchants and artisans (skilled craftsmen) as
essential to the economic success of the empire.
Babur
established the Mughal dynasty
As a result, the power of the emperors diminished, and local officials ruled without
fear of royal hindrance.
Safavid dynasty
founded by Shah Ismail I (1501-1722) Ismail's embrace of Shia Islam contributed to his rise in political prominence.
Taizu
founded the Ming dynasty and established a pattern of absolute rule that his successors followed for the next three centuriesv
Shah Ismail I (1501-1524)
founded the Safavid dynasty; formed a strong centralized government and brought stability to the region
Christians and Jews were required to pay the
government an annual tax.
Akbar
grandson of Babur who continued the brutal conquest of India; expanded the Mughal Empire to the west, to the east, and south to central India
Anatolia
land east of the Byzantine Empire
Christians and Jews were allowed
limited and monitored opportunities to worship.
British East India Company
maintained the appearance of working under Mughal rulers until 1857, when they exiled the last Mughal emperor and imposed direct rule
The Ottomans developed a two-dimensional form of government
military and Civil
blue and white porcelain
most famous of Ming Era arts, belonged to the royal
Istanbul
name for Constantinople after the Ottoman Empire took over
What did the Ming dynasty restore to China?
native Chinese rule
Ming emperors sent out seven
navel expedition
Artisans during the Ming dynasty perfected the art
of making porcelain
The Ming rebuilt broken portions of the
of the great wall
Taizu used secret police to discover any who
opposed control of his control
landscapes
paintings that feature nature scenes
What type of religion was not tolerated in the Ottoman Empire? *
polythiesm
What type of religion was not tolerated in the Ottoman Empire?
polythiesm
Company officials proved to be
poor governor
What clay product did Chinese craftsmen perfect?
porcelain (china)
porcelain
product developed by the Chinese through the process of shaping kaolin clay into objects and then hardening them by heat
Grand Canal
restored by Chengzu to functionality; extends more than eleven hundred miles
Chengzu collected a vast literary treasury that employed over two thousand
scholars
Abbas
second founder of the Safavid Empire
Manchu dynasty
seized power from the failing Ming dynasty
The Ottomans were one of the first to use
small cannons, called falconets, and muskets on the battlefield.
Isolation caused the Chinese to fall behind in many areas, including
technology and the military.
Mughal
the last Mongol empire; located in India and founded by Muslim leader Babur who conquered a large region in northern India
The emperor still held supreme power and could order any policy to be enforced
throughout the empire
Officials who dared to ignoreor resist imperial control were subjected to
to public beating or even death
Babur was a descendant of
two great Asian conquerors, Chinggis Khan (Mongol) and Tamerlane (Turk).
How did Akbar treat Hindus?
He included them in government. Also he slaughtered them.
Who became a ruler as a youth in 1587 and proved to be a strong leader?
Abbas
Who was the most effective Mughal ruler? Why?
Akbar; he greatly expanded the Mughal Empire to Central Asia. He established many reforms, including abolishing taxes on non-Muslims and allowing Hindus to serve in government.
The Ottomans, led by Mehmet II, attacked
Constantinople.
Why did the Safavid Empire adopt Shia Islam as its official version of Islam?
Early in his military career, Ismail adopted Shia Islam and gained the support of various Shia groups. When he came to power, he led the Safavids to adopt this version of Islam.
The___________________ was an early English joint-stock company that was formed to develop trade with the East Indies.
East India Company
Why was the Ming dynasty vulnerable to conquest?
Later Ming emperors were poor rulers and neglected important issues. The Ming emperors had invited outsiders into China to help the Chinese defeat rebels. These outsiders seized power and established the Manchu dynasty.
Who led the Ottoman forces in the assault on Constantinople?
Mehmet II
Infighting and corruption further weakened the
Ming dynasty
1453
Ottomans capture Constantinople
China closed all but one or two ports to
Western trade during the 18th century.
What time do I make the quizlet password only
When I go to sleep
