Chapter 11 (Comm)

uptalking

a manner of speaking in which declarative sentences are uttered with a rising intonation as though they were questions

monotone

use the same vocal pitch without variation

question-and-answer period

-allows you to interact informally w/ audience to: 1. provide additional info 2. enhance your credibility 3. participate in mutually beneficial dialogue

the role of flexibility as related to extemporaneous speaking

-depending on occasion, listener expectations, and other demands of situation, speaker may choose to use diff styles of delivery -some of these styles are more informal and spontaneous -others are more formal and scripted

delivery of speech

-important because delivery is one of the most obvious aspects of public speaking -it shapes listener`s first impressions of your skills as speaker

advantages of speaking from a keyword outline

-keeps you on track -reminds you your main points

extemporaneous delivery.

-presentation of a thoroughly prepared speech using an abbreviated set of speaking notes, often in the form of a keyword outline

ethical delivery

-speaking authentically, w. respect for one`s listeners and concern for their well-being -grows out of a collaborative, transactional model of communication -is appropriate to the situation, including the size and makeup of audience -Ethical delivery means: 1. communicating w/ respect for your listeners 2. never seeking to manipulate them 3. aiming for mutually beneficial outcome 4. speaks sincerely and authentically 5. always mindful of needs, values, and priorities of those assembled to listen

vocal mannerisms

-vocal habits that distract listener from focusing on speaker`s remarks -it is pointless and distracting

three alternative styles of delivery

1. *the impromptu speech* -casual, off-the-cuff delivery used when a speaker has little or no time for preparation 2. *the manuscript speech* -presenting a speech from a prepared text, often in formal or ceremonial settings 3. *the memorized speech* -a prepared speech presented from memory, without the assistance of speaking notes

the attributes of a good speaking voice

1. *volume* -if listeners cant hear, they cannot benefit from your message -they wont be able to concentrate if you speak so loud that is feels uncomfortable -volume should be determined by the setting in which you speak 2. *rate* -speak at rate that fist your own personal style and that allows audience to process info -can be used to emphasize key ideas 3. *pitch* -highness or lowness of voice on a musical scale -when too high = cringe -when too low = unable to hear 4. *clarity* -strive for distinctness articulation

seven guidelines for giving impromptu speeches

1. anticipate possibility that you may be called on to speak and be thinking about what you might say 2. practice active listening 3. increase feelings of confidence by reminding yourself that no one expects perfection from impromptu remarks 4. use even limited prep time to your advantage 5. use basic principles of speech organization 6. speak briefly and concisely 7. think of impromptu speaking as opportunity to practice and improve your delivery skills

Why would you use extemporaneous delivery

1. can more easily adapt to audience and situation 2. can make changes, clarify or elaborate w/ examples or illustrations 3. omit a minor point if time is running short, and involve audience in your speech

Which questions might be asked to determine whether the speaker's movement, gestures, and facial expressions are appropriate?

1. does my movement seem to reinforce the flow of the speech? 2. are my gestures distracting in any way? 3. do i rely too much on any one gesture? 4. does my face seem to convey sincerity and reinforce the meaning of my speech? 5. are there different gestures, movements, or facial expressions that might better communicate my intended meaning? 6. does my nonverbal comm consistently convey a respectful attitude toward the audience?

guidelines for the question and answer period?

1. listen carefully to each question 2. if appropriate, repeat each question so that everyone can heat it and keep track of what is happening 3. do not allow one person to dominate 4. do not try to fake your way through a response 5. respect time limits 6. anticipate the possibility of no audience questions

guidelines for practicing your speech

1. practice delivering your speech aloud w/ your keyword outline 2. practice all the way through, noting sections that are rough, rereading and revising notes, and then practice again 3. break the speech into parts and practice major sections, such as intro, several times in a row 4. always take breaks 5. practice in front of friends and ask for constructive feedback 6. incorporate your visual aids into your practice sessions

the speaker's ethical obligations

1. present a message of substance 2. promoting listener`s understanding 3. remaining audience-centered 4. avoid behaviors that distract from the message

the three guidelines for a memorized speech

1. stay focused on your specific purpose and the key ideas you want to convey 2. speak in the moment 3. practice, practice, practice

Which tests must a sound speaker's ideas pass

1. test of evidence 2. test of reasoning

the principles of good delivery.

1. understand the situation and audience expectations 2. establish eye contact 3. reinforce ideas thru gestures, movements, and facial expressions 4. strive for an effective speaking voice 5. remain flexible 6. practice your speech 7. seek out opportunities to speak

six guidelines for giving manuscript speeches

1. use manuscript for the right reasons 2. use good oral style 3. practice extensively 4. look for opportunities to move and gesture 5. use your voice effectively 6. maintain flexibility

Effective and ethical delivery

Effective and ethical delivery promotes the listeners': 1. trust 2. comprehension

listeners

Listeners must be able to distinguish between a speech that *is sound* and a speech that *just sounds good*

articulation

the clarity with which we enunciate words