Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Premature ejaculation occurs when an individual experiences an _____ before he wants to.

orgasm

Males tend to show higher levels of _______ aggression, which includes fighting and committing acts of violence.

overt overt aggression - physically or verbally harming another person directly.

With orgasm comes the release of the neurotransmitter _________, which plays a role in social bonding.

oxytocin

_______ disorder is when a person engages in sexual behavior with a child.

pedophilic

__________ aggression refers to behavior that is mean to harm the social standing of another person, through activities such as spreading rumors and gossiping.

relational relational aggression - behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person.

Patterns of expectations for how people should behave sexually are called ______ ________.

sexual scripts

True or False: A vast majority of parents who have raised a homosexual child are also homosexual themselves.

False

True or False: Research shows that people rated as extremely masculine or feminine have better psychological well being because "they know who they are".

False

Having two X chromosomes classifies a person as

female

True or false: Research has shown that men are significantly more preoccupied with sex than women are.

False In terms of preoccupation with sex, research indicates that the differences between men and women are smaller and less consistent.

The development of secondary sex characteristics at puberty are directed by the levels of hormones secreted by the ____.

Gonads

______ aggression refers to physically or verbally harming another person directly.

Overt

After conception, male and female embryos look similar. It is not until the ____ gene is activated that testes or ovaries begin to develop.

SRY

_________ refers to the characteristics that determine a person's classification as male or female.

Sex

True or false: The main goals of sex education are relatively uncontroversial.

True

What constitutes "sex"? Select all that may apply. a) Activities that are involved in reproduction b) Physical properties that determine classification as male or female c) Behaviors that cause arousal and sexual response d) Activities that are experienced as unpleasant and hostile

a) Activities that are involved in reproduction b) Physical properties that determine classification as male or female c) Behaviors that cause arousal and sexual response

According to research, the strongest gender differences between males and females are evident in which area? a) aggression b) levels of happiness c) interest in family and relationships d) cognitie ability

a) aggression

Riesner's 2009 research indicates that as many as a third of gay men report that they have never engaged in what type of sexual behavior? a) anal sex b) mutual masturbation c) oral sex d) mutual fondling

a) anal sex

What constitutes "sex"? Select all that may apply. a) behaviors that cause arousal and sexual response b) activities that are involved in reproduction c) activities that are experienced as unpleasant and hostile d) physical properties that determine classification as male or female

a) behaviors that cause arousal and sexual response b) activities that are involved in reproduction d) physical properties that determine classification as male or female

Which is an example of a common disorder of sexual response that occurs in men? a) erectile dysfunction b) gender identity disorder c) lack of interest in sexual activity d) paraphilia

a) erectile dysfunction

Which is NOT a factor that can impact the typical development of genitalia in babies? a) gender identity b) chromosomal abnormalities c) prenatal hormone exposure d) environmental factors

a) gender identity

Most American adolescents possess _______ knowledge about contraception. a) inadequate b) up-to-date c) adequate d) out-dated

a) inadequate

Which of the following statements about the Kinsey Reports are true? a) is limited by their lack of representative samples b) proves that women are hetersexual and unfaithful c) includes findings of interviews with men and women about their sex life d) concludes that most men are bisexual and unfaithful

a) is limited by their lack of representative samples c) includes findings of interviews with men and women about their sex life

From a biological perspective, what is one explanation for a person's lack of interest in sexual activity? a) low levels of androgens b) depression c) physical illness d) stress

a) low levels of androgens

What is the likelihood that people sexually abused as children will develop pedophilic disorder? a) not very likely b) are very likely c) probably will d) absolutely will

a) not very likely

Which of the following statements are true regarding men and womens' sexual scripts? a) orgasm for men may be more a more important aspect of sex. b) sexual scripts also involve how we feel about our partner. c) feeling close to their partner is a more important aspect of sex for women. d) orgasm for women is the most important aspect of sex.

a) orgasm for men may be more a more important aspect of sex. b) sexual scripts also involve how we feel about our partner. c) feeling close to their partner is a more important aspect of sex for women.

Sexual orientation is determined by . . . . a) the influence of many factors. b) the influence of economic conditions. c) the influence of a single cause. d) the influence of color preference.

a) the influence of many factors.

The _______ approach focuses on preventing sexual behavior outside of marriage.

abstinence-only

Gender differences appear to be strongest in the area of _____.

aggression

According to research what type of sex education program is more effective in delaying sexual activity and preventing teen pregnancy? a) risk reduction programs b) comprehensive programs c) contraceptive education d) abstinence-only education

b) comprehensive programs

Which of the following variations in sexual behavior would be considered normal? a) an adult having intercourse with an 8 year old child b) dressing in your girlfriend's clothes to become aroused c) watching pronographic films alone at home d) mutual masturbation instead of intercourse

b) dressing in your girlfriend's clothes to become aroused c) watching pronographic films alone at home d) mutual masturbation instead of intercourse

High levels of ______ are associated with females. a) androgens b) estrogen c) testosterone d) cortisol

b) estrogen

What can we take away from the story of "John/Joan" in terms of its contribution to sex and gender identity research? a) it provided researchers with the "full picture" regarding sex and gender identity b) it strongly argued against the influence of socialization on the development of gender identity. c) it suggested that biological factors powerfully guide the way from sex to gender identity. d) it proved the only determinant that matters in gender identity is what sex you are born.

b) it strongly argued against the influence of socialization on the development of gender identity. c) it suggested that biological factors powerfully guide the way from sex to gender identity.

During the resolution phase of the sexual response pattern . . . a) women enter a refractory period during which they cannot have another orgasm. b) men enter a refractory period during which they cannot have another orgasm. c) oxytocin is released increasing a sense of attachment and bonding. d) blood vessels engorge and there is increased blood flow to the genitals.

b) men enter a refractory period during which they cannot have another orgasm.

Gonads that determine the female classification are called... a) testes b) ovaries c) ova d) sex chromosomes

b) ovaries

The comprehensive sex education approach is most effective in delaying sexual activity and preventing teen . . . a) car accidents. b) pregnancy. c) school dropout. d) alcohol use.

b) pregnancy.

One of the biggest predictors of the well-being of gays and lesbians is their ability to cope with which of the following? a) schedule b) prejudice c) discrimination d) finances

b) prejudice c) discrimination

Levels of hormones affect all of the following, except... a) external genitalia b) sex chromosomes c) secondary sex characteristics d) reproductive structures

b) sex chromosomes

Which theoretical approach to gender differences in sexuality focuses on the way we learn about appropriate sexual behavior? a) social role theories b) social cognitive theories c) biological theories d) evolutionary theories

b) social cognitive theories

Which of the following statements about the causes of pedophilia are true? a) pedophiles themselves were sexually abused as children b) the majority of people sexually abused as children do not develop pedophilic disorder c) people who are sexually molested as children grow up to become pedophiles d) causes of pedophilic disorder are not well understood yet

b) the majority of people sexually abused as children do not develop pedophilic disorder d) causes of pedophilic disorder are not well understood yet

Kaplan's contribution to the phases of human sexual response includes which of the following? a) the role of mutual masturbation in homosexual sexual activity b) the role of motivation in sexual activity c) the role of increased oxytocin during the orgasm phase d) the role of desire has as a distinct phase of human sexual response

b) the role of motivation in sexual activity d) the role of desire has as a distinct phase of human sexual response

If you were sexually attracted to both males and females your sexual orientation would be categorized as _______.

bisexual. bisexual - referring to a sexual orientation in which the individual is sexually attracted to people of both sexes.

Who was responsible for bringing scientific attention to sexual behavior? a) Alfred Binet b) John Watson c) Alfred Kinsey d) Albert Bandura

c) Alfred Kinsey

Which of the following statements best describes Americans' current attitudes towards gays and lesbians? a) attitudes toward gay and lesbian individuals cannot be evaluated by research. b) Americans are becoming more prejudiced against gays and lesbians. c) Americans are becoming more accepting and positive in their attitudes toward gays and lesbians. d) Americans are very accepting of gays and lesbians because 70% of heterosexuals know someone who is homeosexual.

c) Americans are becoming more accepting and positive in their attitudes toward gays and lesbians.

Of the people described below who is likely to be the most psychologically adjusted and resilient? a) Kathy who is displays neither masculine nor feminine characteristics b) Bob who displays extremely masculine characteristics c) Steve who displays a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics d) Gloria who displays extremely feminine characteristics

c) Steve who displays a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics

Individuals who are high on both dimensions of instrumentality and expressiveness are considered. a) gender neutral. b) gender balanced. c) androgynous. d) undifferentiated.

c) androgynous.

Rhonda and Tim want to be sexually active. Tim says that just thinking of Rhonda makes him sexually aroused. Rhonda reports similar thoughts, and she also comments on how much she likes it when Tim wears a specific cologne. These statements best reflect the importance of _______ in our sexual responses and behaviors. a) socialization b) physical attraction c) cognitive factors d) values and beliefs

c) cognitive factors

Stephon can not stop thinking about being with Julie. In this situation Stephon's sexual orientation is categorized as... a) homosexual. b) bisexual. c) heterosexual. d) transgendered.

c) heterosexual. heterosexual - referring to a sexual orientation in which the individual is generally sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex.

Which statement best describes findings regarding the Inis Beag people off the coast of Ireland and the Mangaian people of the South Pacific? a) both cultures did not engage in sexual behavior until they were introduced to each other. b) both cultures engaged in very diverse sexual behaviors without exhibiting a common trend. c) the two cultures had very different views and practices of sexual behavior from each other. d) both cultures exhibited the same types of sexual promiscuity, despites being from different parts of the world.

c) the two cultures had very different views and practices of sexual behavior from each other.

______ refers to the social and psychological aspects of being female or male. a) Transgender b) Gender identity c) Androgyny d) Gender

d) Gender

Tommy, a transgender individual, has considered some options related to his transgenderism. Which is NOT a relevant option for Tommy? a) Hormone treatment b) Embracing his identity as a challenge c) Sex reassignment surgery d) Hypothalamus staining

d) Hypothalamus staining

The _____ nervous system has been associated with disorders of sexual response in women. a) somatic b) parasympathetic c) sympathetic d) autonomic

d) autonomic

Physiological processes involved in sexual activity can be summarized by the . . . a) sexual response program. b) human behavioral response program. c) sexual identity system. d) human sexual response pattern.

d) human sexual response pattern.

Research indicates that therapies that focus on training sex offenders to avoid children thereby reducing sexual arousal have generally been.. a) highly effective b) too costly c) unethical d) ineffective

d) ineffective

What reasons might account for the high rate of adolescent pregnancy in the United States? a) The United States does not have a high rate of teen pregnancy. b) High schools stopped teaching sex education due to religious objections. c) Workshops and educational services did not consider teen pregnancy an issue until the research statistics came out. d) information has been inadequate, and contraceptive methods have been inconsistent and ineffective.

d) information has been inadequate, and contraceptive methods have been inconsistent and ineffective.

One of your friends tells you that you are being too assertive for a girl. Your friends is suggesting that you are exhibiting _____, traits more readily associated with masculinity. a) expressiveness b) gender identity c) androgyny d) instrumentality

d) instrumentality

The term _______ refers to people's perceptions about their desires, feelings, and behaviors, and how those factors direct their sexual interests. a) gender identity b) gender schema c) sexuality d) sexual orientation

d) sexual orientation sexual orientation - the direction of an individual's erotic interests.

Jake and Kayla are engaged, but often disagree about the nature of their sexual relationship. Jake is more interested in sex for pleasure, while Kayla believes that sex is an expression of love. Their disagreements suggest that they are operating under different . . . a) religious values b) sex role stereotypes c) levels of sexual arousal d) sexual scripts

d) sexual scripts

An individual whose physical sex is male, but who experiences life psychologically as a female, is living a(n) __________ experience. a) androgynous b) masculine c) feminine d) transgender

d) transgender transgender - experiencing one's psychological gender as different from one's physical sex, as in the cases of biological males who identify as female and biological females who identify as male.

Engorgement of the blood vessels and increased blood flow to the genitals occurs during the _______ phase of the human sexual response pattern.

excitement

Gender refers to the social and psychological aspects of being female or male, whereas gender ______ refers to an individual's sense of belonging to the male or female sex.

identity

Pedophilic disorder expert Michael Seto advocates educating children to distinguish between appropriate and ______ touch.

inappropriate

During the ________ phase of the human sexual response patter, physiological changes in the body consist of increases in breathing rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure; complete lubrication of the vagina; and erection of the penis.

plateau

Our _________ refers to the ways we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings, and involves activity associated with sexual pleasure.

sexuality sexuality - the ways people experience and express themselves as sexual beings.