Chapter 11 - Intro to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups

Which statement correctly explains the VSEPR theory?

The most stable arrangement keeps the atoms and lone pairs of electrons as far away from each other as possible.

A nonpolar molecule is soluble in a _____ solvent.

nonpolar

If the individual bond dipoles in a molecule are equal in magnitude and opposite direction, the molecule is ______.

nonpolar

The geometry around a carbon atom surrounded by four groups and no lone pairs of electrons is ___.

tetrahedral

The geometry around a carbon atom surrounded by three atoms and no lone pairs of electrons is ___.

trigonal planar

The geometry around a nitrogen atom surrounded by three covalent bonds and one lone pair of electrons is ____.

trigonal pyramidal

A carbon atom with a linear geometry is surrounded by ____.

two atoms and no lone pairs of electrons.

Organic compounds may also contain elements other than carbon and hydrogen. Any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen is called a(n) ____.

heteroatom

Select the statements that describe properties that are characteristic of inorganic compounds.

- Ionic inorganic compounds are solid at room temperature. - Ionic inorganic compounds are soluble in water.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the solubility of organic compounds?

- Most organic compounds are insoluble in water. - Most organic compounds are soluble in organic solvents.

Identify the statements that correctly describe the physical properties of organic compounds.

- Organic compounds have lower melting points than ionic compounds. - Organic compounds are composed of covalent bonds.

Which of the following statements are correct?

- Polar organic compounds may form hydrogen bonds with water. - Small polar organic compounds containing nitrogen or oxygen are soluble in water.

Select each of the correct statements regarding solubility.

- Polar solutes are soluble in polar solvents. - Nonpolar solutes are soluble in nonpolar solvents.

Small polar organic molecules are ____ in water and may contaminate drinking water. Nonpolar organic molecules are ___ in water but are very soluble in fatty tissues found in birds and fish.

- Soluble - Insoluble

Which of the following statements correctly describe functional groups?

- Some functional groups contain a multiple bond. - Some functional groups contain a heteroatom. - Some functional groups contain both a heteroatom and a multiple bond.

Select the properties characteristic of organic compounds.

- Some organic compounds are flammable. - Organic compounds contain covalent bonds. - Organic compound exist as solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature.

Which of the following functional groups contain a carbon-oxygen double bond?

- aldehydes - carboxylic acids - esters - amides

____ hydrocarbons contain a six-membered ring with 3 double bonds

- aromatic

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only the elements ___ and ___.

- carbon - hydrogen

Identify which of the following common features of organic compounds is correct.

- carbon is stable when surrounded by four electron pairs

Which of the following substances are considered organic compounds?

- cotton - plastic - paper - wool

All organic compounds contain carbon atoms and most contain hydrogen atoms. Carbon always forms ____ covalent bond(s), and hydrogen forms ____ covalent bond(s).

- four - one

The polarity of an organic molecule is determined by the ____ of the individual bonds and the overall ____ of the molecule.

- polarity - shape

Which of the following substances are considered organic compounds?

- proteins - sugar - lipids - DNA - Enzymes - Vitamins

Select all of the answers that correctly complete the following sentence: Some organic compounds have carbon atoms arranged in ____.

- short chains - long chains - ring structures

Select the type(s) of covalent bonds that can be found between carbon atoms in organic compounds.

- single - double - triple

Which of the following are ways to draw a shorthand representation of the structure of an organic molecule?

- skeletal structures - condensed structures

Select the factor(s) that determine the overall polarity of a molecule.

- the polarity of the molecule. - the overall shape of the molecule.

Which of the following is the correct definition of electronegativity?

Electronegativity is a function of the tendency of an atom in a bond to attract electrons.

MTBE is a small polar organic molecule that has been used as an additive in gasoline. Which of the following statements involving MTBE is correct?

MTBE is water soluble

Which of the following statements best describes organic chemistry?

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds that contain the element carbon.

Which of the following statements involving PCB's is correct?

PBCs are found in all types of fish and birds.

A _____ bond is formed when carbon shares electrons with oxygen, nitrogen, or a halogen.

Polar covalent

____ structures are used for organic compounds containing both rings and chains of atoms.

Skeletal

While ionic compounds are generally solids at room temperature, what state(s) of matter are organic compounds?

Solid, liquid, and gas

True or false: Condensed structures are most often used for a compound having a chain of atoms bonded together rather than a ring.

True.

____ have a C-C single bond as their functional group.

alkanes

____ have a C-C double bond as their functional group.

alkenes

____ have a C-C triple bond as their functional group.

alkyne

_____ measures how much of a particular atom "wants" the electron density in a bond.

electronegativity

Molecules with stronger intermolecular forces have ______ boiling points compared to molecules with weaker intermolecular forces.

higher