Chapter 11 LC

A developmental psychologist examines the academic grades of a sample of elementary school children born to mothers ranging in age from 14 to 30 at the time of birth. Which correlation coefficient might the researcher expect to find between student grades and mother's age at birth?

0.30

Craig is a gay male who has a fraternal twin brother. There is a _____ chance that his fraternal twin brother is also gay.

15%

Ali has just finished a growth spurt. His testes, scrotum, and penis have enlarged. He now has hair on his face and under his arms. Ali is MOST likely _____ years old.

17

A newborn human baby's brain is approximately _____ of its adult size.

25%

Three-year-old Frank is shown a box that he expects to be filled with building blocks. However, when the box is opened, it is filled with stickers. Which will he MOST likely say when asked about what he thought was in the box before it was opened?

It was full of stickers.

Can babies control the movement of their arms before their heads?

No, this breaks the cephalocaudal rule.

Janise notices a newborn attending to a stimulus and then looking away. Suddenly, the newborn attends to the stimuli again. Which explanation would account for making a newborn reattend to the stimulus?

The stimulus changed.

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children that are the result of a pregnant woman's heavy drinking are known as fetal _____ syndrome.

alcohol

Sucking and rooting are MOST likely innate infant reflexes because they:

allow infants to feed.

According to Erik Erikson, the key outcome of adolescence is:

developing an adult identity.

Jessica can make a rational argument for her opposition to the death penalty. Jessica is MOST likely at Jean Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

Infants have demonstrated social behavior just after birth by:

mimicking facial expressions and showing greater interest in faces than in objects.

Age-related declines are probably LEAST pronounced in:

recognition.

As Sally has aged, she has had a hard time recalling information that she was told. However, if she is given choices, she always can choose correctly the information she was told. Sally has trouble with:

retrieval.

Eric has had a significant growth spurt, his voice has deepened, he has facial hair, and he has seen enlargement of his testes, scrotum, and penis. Eric is about _____ years old.

17

Eric is a gay male who has an identical twin brother. There is a _____ chance his identical twin brother is also gay.

50%

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in change during childhood and adolescence. Which psychology course should he consider taking next semester?

Developmental Psychology

All else being equal, which adolescent is MOST likely to experience difficulty following puberty?

Gloria, who matures earlier than do her same-sex peers

Thirteen-month-old Jack is distraught when his mother leaves him; however, when she comes back and tries to comfort him, Jack squirms and refuses to allow her to calm him. Attachment theorists would MOST likely claim that Jack has a(n) _____ attachment style.

ambivalent

Fourteen-month-old Jamaiah used to cry when her mother left her and then would squirm to get away when her mother came back and tried to comfort her. However, lately when her mother comes back to comfort her, Jamaiah calms down. According to attachment theorists, Jamaiah used to have a(n) _____ type of attachment style but now has a(n) _____ type of attachment style.

ambivalent; secure

Determining how the physical world works, how one's own mind works, and how other people's minds work are the three essential tasks of _____ development.

cognitive

Marjorie has just completed an introductory course in psychology at a local community college. She would like to take another psychology course next semester. The college offers courses in developmental psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Marjorie is especially interested in change across the life span. Based on this information, Marjorie should consider the course in _____ psychology MOST strongly.

developmental

With respect to Jean Piaget's theory of moral development during childhood, which list contains an item that does NOT belong with the others?

early moral reasoning: realism; intentions

Attachment refers to a(n):

emotional bond, typically to a primary caregiver.

Peter can recite all of the states and their capitals but has a difficult time remembering the summers he spent at the lake as a child. MOST specifically, Peter has trouble with _____ memory. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. episodic

episodic

Secondary sex characteristics are caused by an increase in production of:

estrogen in girls and testosterone in boys.

In one study described in the textbook, infants with difficult temperaments were randomly assigned to either a condition in which their mothers received sensitivity training or a condition in which their mothers received no training. In this study, infants whose mothers received sensitivity training were in the _____ group.

experimental

What do developmental psychologists seek to understand?

growth and change across the life span

Albert is afraid of punishment. He will avoid anything that will get him in any sort of trouble. When his underage friends ask him to drink, he tells them that:

he will not drink because he does not want to get caught.

According to Erik Erikson, as young people move from adolescence to emerging adulthood, they move from the search for _____ to the search for _____.

identity; intimacy

During the developmental stage of adulthood, _____ changes take place.

physical, cognitive, and emotional

If one were to challenge one's 50-year-old self at a game of chess, one's older self would MOST likely _____ one's younger self.

play just as well as

A child in the _____ stage of cognitive development would say a man with an angry face is mean, and a man with a happy face is nice.

preoperational

In Jean Piaget's first stage of moral development, children first regard moral rules as if there is no gray area; things are either right or they are wrong. Then, children shift their thinking from realism to:

relativism.

Every time Valencia touches her baby's left cheek, the baby turns that cheek towards Valencia and opens his mouth. The reflex that is triggered by the mother's touch is known as the _____ reflex.

rooting

Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on her cheek. This is the _____ reflex; it helps an infant _____.

rooting; locate food

A preoperational child is shown two identical short, wide glasses with the same amount of water in them. One of the glasses of water is then poured into a taller, thinner glass. The child would MOST likely:

say that the taller, thinner glass has more water because the water level is higher than in the shorter glass.

A teenage boy begins shaving because he develops facial hair, which is a(n) _____ sex characteristic.

secondary

Alice takes her 1-year-old son, Derek, to visit an infant-toddler program in which she hopes to enroll him. Derek eagerly explores the room as long as Alice is present. When Alice leaves the room to fill out some forms, Derek becomes somewhat upset. When she returns, though, Derek quickly calms down. Which term BEST describes Derek's attachment style?

secure

Alicia is especially responsive to her baby's signs of distress. Her baby will MOST likely have a(n) _____ attachment style.

secure

Fourteen-month-old Yolanda used to cry when her father left her and then would quiet down when her father came back and comforted her. However, lately when her father comes back to comfort her, Yolanda squirms and tries to get way. According to attachment theorists, Yolanda used to have a(n) _____ type of attachment style but now she has a(n) _____ type of attachment style. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. avoidant; ambivalent

secure; ambivalent

Infants who explore their environment using their eyes, mouths, and fingers are in Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor

Object permanence is to conservation as Jean Piaget's _____ stage is to his _____ stage.

sensorimotor; concrete operational

A 4-year-old looks at a picture of a dragon while on the telephone with her grandfather. If Piaget's claims of egocentrism are correct, the child is likely to:

tell her grandfather to look at the dragon.

Joshua is always smiling and happy, Erica startles easily and frequently cries, and Pablo takes a while to warm up to people. According to the text, the behavior of each of these children can more generally be described by their:

temperament.

Michael is 3 years old and can understand that it is wrong to inflict distress on others. Which factor allows him to do so?

the fact that he feels another's distress

According to the text, which factor has the BIGGEST influence on the emotional and behavioral problems of puberty?

timing

Celeste is worried that her baby might be blind because the infant does not mimic faces. The BEST advice to Celeste is to:

try moving closer to the baby because the level of detail a baby can see at long distances is limited.

As compared with the average adult, the average 2-year-old has _____ as many synapses per neuron.

twice

Tom is a 14-year-old who is spending more time with opposite-sex peers. He can make time for these peers by spending less time:

with his parents.

Adriana lives in a preindustrial society. She has just menstruated for the first time. Within her society, Adriana has a ceremony and is now considered a(n):

woman.