Chapter 11 Multiple Choice answers
The function of the cerebral association areas is A. to analyze sensory experiences. B. memory. C. to interpret sensations. D. reasoning and judgment. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
Which lobe of your brain are you using when you answer this question? A. Frontal B. Parietal C. Temporal D. Occipital E. Insula
A. Frontal
Which of the following is a major portion of the diencephalon? A. Thalamus B. Cerebral aqueduct C. Cerebral peduncles D. Red nucleus E. Pia mater
A. Thalamus
The part of the brain that is overactive in post traumatic stress disorder is the A. amygdala. B. brainstem. C. infundibulum. D. thalamus. E. hippocampus.
A. amygdala.
A person in a persistent vegetative state A. craves vegetables. B. cannot move, but is aware of self. C. can move, but seems unaware of self. D. repeats the same phrases over and over. E. is dead.
C. can move, but seems unaware of self.
The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscular movements is the A. cerebrum. B. brainstem. C. cerebellum. D. corpus callosum. E. hippocampus.
C. cerebellum.
Over the course of several months, Morris has experienced difficulty speaking coherently, clumsiness, muscle fasciculations, and increasing weakness in his limbs. These symptoms are most consistent with those of A. Parkinson disease. B. Hodgkin's disease. C. muscular dystrophy. D. cancer. E. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
E. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Brain waves are recordings of activity in the A. medulla. B. cerebellum. C. basal ganglia. D. brainstem. E. cerebral cortex.
E. cerebral cortex.
The phrenic nerves arise from the A. solar plexuses. B. brachial plexuses. C. lumbar plexuses. D. sacral plexuses. E. cervical plexuses.
E. cervical plexuses.
Most cerebrospinal fluid is secreted from the choroid plexuses in the A. cardiac ventricles. B. third ventricle. C. fourth ventricle. D. cerebral aqueduct. E. lateral ventricles.
E. lateral ventricles.
A traumatic brain injury results from A. an open head wound. B. mental retardation. C. an infection. D. poisoning. E. mechanical force.
E. mechanical force.
A spinal nerve passing through the intervertebral foramen is A. associated with the vertebra above. B. composed of afferent fibers only. C. composed of efferent fibers only. D. associated with cranial nerve C1. E. none of the above.
A. associated with the vertebra above.
Aging of the brain begins A. before birth. B. at birth. C. at puberty. D. at age 30. E. after age 50.
A. before birth.
Which of the following terms and definitions is correct? A. cerebral cortex-a thin layer of gray matter forming the outermost part of the cerebrum B. hemisphere dominance-the largest cerebral hemisphere with the thickest cerebral cortex C. limbic system-interconnected brain structures that activate skeletal muscle D. cauda equina-a network of anterior branches of spinal nerves E. cerebral cortex-a thick layer of white matter forming the outer layer of the cerebrum
A. cerebral cortex-a thin layer of gray matter forming the outermost part of the cerebrum
Cerebrospinal fluid is A. clear and watery. B. white and thick. C. red. D. yellow in the CNS and clear in the PNS. E. clear in the CNS and yellow in the PNS.
A. clear and watery.
If the general interpretative area of the dominant hemisphere is damaged in a child, the A. corresponding region on the opposite side of the brain may take over the interpretative functions. B. child will fail to learn language. C. child will do very poorly in math. D. child will have difficulty concentrating. E. none of the above.
A. corresponding region on the opposite side of the brain may take over the interpretative functions.
The area of skin supplied by sensory nerve fibers from a particular dorsal root is called a A. dermatome. B. microtome. C. sensory body. D. nerve body. E. sensitized area.
A. dermatome.
Spinal nerve injury may result from A. fracture of vertebrae, dislocations, or birth injuries. B. too little dopamine in the basal ganglia. C. excess acetylcholine in synapses. D. a drug overdose. E. none of the above.
A. fracture of vertebrae, dislocations, or birth injuries.
Gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of A. interneurons. B. cerebrospinal fluid. C. axons. D. myelin. E. dead cells.
A. interneurons.
A newborn has a CT scan of the brain to identify a cause of seizures. The scan showed no convolutions (gyri) of the cerebral cortex. She has A. lissencephaly. B. anencephaly. C. spina bifida. D. leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. E. an eating disorder.
A. lissencephaly.
The epidural space contains A. loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue. B. dense connective tissue and cartilage. C. no tissue, that is why it is a space. D. collagen, elastin, and keratin. E. nervous tissue.
A. loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue.
The basal nuclei include the A. putamen. B. pons. C. midbrain. D. corpus callosum. E. all of the above.
A. putamen.
Aphasia is loss of the ability to A. speak. B. move the hands. C. walk. D. think. E. cook.
A. speak.
All reflexes have A. association neurons. B. a reflex arc. C. interneurons. D. multiple synapses. E. a reflex cycle.
B. a reflex arc.
The part of the brain that assigns value to a memory is the A. cerebral cortex B. amygdala C. medulla D. substantia nigra E. pons
B. amygdala
The Babinski reflex is A. dorsiflexion of the foot when the knee is tapped, indicating damage to a reflex arc. B. an abnormal dorsiflexion of the great toe up, with fanning of the smaller toes, that indicates damage to a reflex arc. C. the speed with which a deer turns and runs at the sight of a hunter. D. a normal response to stroking the sole of the foot. E. plantar flextion of the foot.
B. an abnormal dorsiflexion of the great toe up, with fanning of the smaller toes, that indicates damage to a reflex arc.
The brain waves most closely associated with mental activity are A. alpha waves. B. beta waves. C. theta waves. D. delta waves. E. gamma waves.
B. beta waves.
The fourth ventricle is in the A. heart. B. brainstem. C. midline of the brain, beneath the corpus callosum. D. kidney. E. subventricular zone.
B. brainstem.
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ______ and it __________. A. dura mater; maintains a stable ionic concentration in the CNS B. choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull C. arachnoid villi in the dura sinus; provides a pathway to the blood for waste D. capillaries in the dura mater of the ventricles; moistens the surface of the brain E. the spinal cord; protects the CNS.
B. choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull
In a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the A. dura mater and skull. B. dura mater and arachnoid mater. C. pia mater and brain. D. arachnoid mater and brain. E. brain and spinal cord.
B. dura mater and arachnoid mater.
The expected response to the triceps-jerk reflex is A. flexion of the forearm. B. extension of the forearm. C. plantar flexion. D. plantar extension. E. none of the above.
B. extension of the forearm.
Stephanie is in a car accident, flung from her vehicle and landing on her back on pavement. At the scene, an emergency medical technician checks her Babinski reflex, in which the great toe extends upward and the smaller toes fan apart. This reflex A. may indicate aging of the corticospinal tract. B. may indicate an injury to the corticospinal tract. C. is normal in adults. D. is meaningless in assessing an emergency situation. E. all of the above.
B. may indicate an injury to the corticospinal tract.
In spastic paralysis A. muscle tone increases and the muscles atrophy. B. muscle tone increases and the muscles do not atrophy. C. muscle tone decreases and the muscles atrophy. D. muscle tone decreases and the muscles do not atrophy. E. muscle tone increases and the muscle hypertrophy.
B. muscle tone increases and the muscles do not atrophy.
If the left corticospinal tract is severed in the neck near the first cervical vertebra, A. muscles in the right arm and leg are paralyzed. B. muscles in the left arm and leg are paralyzed. C. pain impulses from the right side are blocked. D. pain impulses from the left side are blocked. E. none of the above.
B. muscles in the left arm and leg are paralyzed.
The primary motor areas of the brain are in the A. postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. B. precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe. C. posterior sulcus of the temporal lobe. D. lateral part of the occipital lobe. E. superior part of the parietal lobe.
B. precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
The complex network of tiny islands of gray matter in the brain that filters incoming sensory impulses is the A. dentate nucleus. B. reticular formation. C. limbic system. D. corpora quadrigemina. E. brainstem.
B. reticular formation.
The consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the A. brain cannot tell from which side of the body a sensory impulse originated. B. right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa. C. left hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa. D. impulses never reach the appropriate lobe of the brain to be interpreted. E. none of the above.
B. right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa.
Which of the following are generally adrenergic fibers? A. parasympathetic postganglionic fibers B. sympathetic postganglionic fibers C. parasympathetic preganglionic fibers D. sympathetic preganglionic fibers E. none of the above.
B. sympathetic postganglionic fibers
The cem (CNS) consists of A. spinal and cranial nerves. B. the brain and spinal cord. C. the cerebrum and cerebellum. D. nerves in the upper and lower limbs. E. none of the above.
B. the brain and spinal cord.
The part of the brain that degenerates in Parkinson disease is A. the meninges. B. the neurons that reach from the striatum to the basal ganglia. C. the substantia nigra in the brainstem. D. the corpus callosum. E. the cerebrum.
B. the neurons that reach from the striatum to the basal ganglia.
The spinothalamic tract conducts impulses A. from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. B. up the spinal cord to the thalamus. C. down the spinal cord from the thalamus. D. that stimulate skeletal muscles. E. up the spinal cord to the hippocampus.
B. up the spinal cord to the thalamus.
Over a lifetime, the brain shrinks by about ___ percent. A. 1 B. 5 C. 10 D. 20 E. 40
C. 10
Which of the following is not a part of the diencephalon? A. Thalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Anterior pituitary gland D. Posterior pituitary gland E. Pineal gland.
C. Anterior pituitary gland
A lumbar puncture is A. an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. a blockage in peripheral nerve transmission. C. a test of the pressure that the cerebrospinal fluid is under. D. a procedure to correct a spinal cord injury. E. none of the above.
C. a test of the pressure that the cerebrospinal fluid is under.
An inflammation of the meninges called meningitis usually affects the A. dura mater only. B. dura mater and arachnoid mater. C. arachnoid mater and pia mater. D. pia mater only. E. arachnoid mater only.
C. arachnoid mater and pia mater.
Melinda has Parkinson disease. Her movements are slowing and she has difficulty initiating voluntary muscular actions. The region that is affected in her brain is the A. frontal lobe. B. parietal lobe. C. basal ganglia. D. ventricles. E. amygdala.
C. basal ganglia.
Interruption of blood flow to the brain that can damage the cerebrum is called a A. concussion. B. contusion. C. cerebrovascular accident. D. transient ischemic attack. E. myocardial infarction.
C. cerebrovascular accident.
When the flexor muscles of one arm contract in a withdrawal reflex, the extensor muscles of the other arm contract. This phenomenon is called A. flexor extensor reflex. B. ipsilateral reflex. C. crossed extensor reflex. D. crossed flexor reflex. E. mixed extensor reflex.
C. crossed extensor reflex.
Basal ganglia are located in the ______ and ______. A. brainstem; relay motor impulses from the cerebral cortex B. frontal lobe; aid in control of motor activities C. deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres; aid in control of motor activities D. cerebral hemispheres; aid in coordination of equilibrium motor activities E. superficial layers of the cerebrum; control the senses
C. deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres; aid in control of motor activities
If the right lateral spinothalamic tract is severed, A. muscles on the left side are paralyzed. B. muscles on the right side are paralyzed. C. pain impulses from the left side are blocked. D. pain impulses from the right side are blocked. E. a burning sensation comes from the left side.
C. pain impulses from the left side are blocked.
Injury to the visual cortex of the right occipital lobe can cause A. partial blindness in the right eye only. B. total blindness in the left eye only. C. partial blindness in both eyes. D. total blindness in both eyes. E. improved visual acuity in one or both eyes.
C. partial blindness in both eyes.
The simplest level of CNS function is the A. crossed-extensor reflex. B. patellar reflex. C. spinal reflex. D. polysynaptic reflexes. E. cerebral reflex.
C. spinal reflex.
The meninges consist of A. the brain and spinal cord. B. the membranes that delineate all of the major brain parts. C. the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater. D. nerve tracts that run up and down the spinal cord. E. none of the above.
C. the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.
The corticospinal tracts control A. sweat glands. B. posture. C. voluntary muscle movements. D. spinal reflexes. E. the urge to urinate.
C. voluntary muscle movements.
The human body secretes about __________ milliliters of cerebrospinal fluid daily. A. 10 B. 60 C. 300 D. 500 E. 1,000
D. 500
Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus? A. Regulation of body temperature B. Control of hunger C. Production of hormones D. Control of postural reflexes E. Control of thirst
D. Control of postural reflexes
Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? A. Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector B. Effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron C. Effector, sensory neuron, receptor, interneuron, motor neuron D. Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector E. None of the above.
D. Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
Which of the following parts of the mature brain develops from the forebrain? A. Midbrain B. Pons C. Cerebellum D. Thalamus E. Brainstem
D. Thalamus
The drug atropine influences the autonomic nervous system by A. stimulating the release of norepinephrine. B. blocking the action of norepinephrine. C. stimulating the release of acetylcholine. D. blocking the action of acetylcholine. E. depleting the brain of dopamine.
D. blocking the action of acetylcholine.
Brain waves during sleep are ____ waves. A. alpha B. beta C. theta D. delta E. gamma
D. delta
If the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, A. memory is lost. B. motor control to the right leg is impaired. C. eyesight is lost. D. motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost. E. the abilities to taste and smell are diminished.
D. motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost.
The somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the ______, whereas the autonomic nervous system consists of fibers that connect the ______. A. skin and skeletal muscles; brain to the spinal cord B. visceral organs; CNS to the skin and skeletal muscles C. heart and intestines; CNS to the cardiac and smooth muscles D. skin and skeletal muscles; CNS to the visceral organs E. brain and spinal cord; PNS to the CNS
D. skin and skeletal muscles; CNS to the visceral organs
Dopamine is secreted by the ___________ and is deficient in ______ disease. A. cerebral cortex; Alzheimer B. amygdala; Lou Gehrig's C. medulla; Huntington D. substantia nigra; Parkinson E. brainstem; heart
D. substantia nigra; Parkinson
The ___________ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. A. lateral sulcus B. central sulcus C. longitudinal fissure D. transverse fissure E. vertical fissure
D. transverse fissure
If the reticular formation is injured, the person might exhibit signs of A. hyperactivity. B. increased metabolism. C. increased sympathetic system responses. D. unconsciousness, or coma. E. changed sexual orientation.
D. unconsciousness, or coma.
A soldier suffers a brain injury, and becomes unable to speak. The damage is likely in A. the nucleus accumbens. B. the hippocampus. C. the brainstem. D. the basal nuclei E. Broca's area.
E. Broca's area.
Which of the following are descending tracts in the spinal cord? A. Spinothalamic B. Spinocerebellar C. Fasciculus gracilis D. Fasciculus cuneatus E. Rubrospinal
E. Rubrospinal
Reflexes help to control A. heart rate. B. blood pressure. C. digestive activities. D. respiratory rate. E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Spina bifida is a(n) A. abnormality in neural tube development. B. open vertebral column. C. exposed spinal cord. D. birth defect. E. all of the above
E. all of the above
The spinal cord has A. 31 segments. B. a cervical and lumbar enlargement. C. a core of gray matter surrounded by white matter. D. two deep longitudinal grooves. E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Cerebrospinal fluid A. informs the autonomic centers in the brainstem and hypothalamus about the internal environment. B. provides a pathway for waste to enter the blood. C. protects the brain D. protects the spinal cord. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.