Chapter 11 Muscle Tissue

68)Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have: A)A rich nerve supplies. B)A rich vascular supply. C)Very few mitochondria. D)Little need for oxygen. E)A large concentration of tissue hemoglobin

B)A rich vascular supply. (and a lot of mitochondria)?

49)The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ________ fiber. A)Fast. B)Slow. C)Anaerobic. D)Intermediate. E)high-density.

B)Slow.

57)At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together to form either a bundle known as a ________, or a broad sheet called an aponeurosis. A)tendon B)satellite cells C)joint D)fascicle E)none of the above

A)tendon

45)When energy reserves in a muscle are exhausted and lactic acid levels increase, ________ occurs. A)an oxygen debt B)fatigue C)treppe D)tetanus E)atrophy

B)fatigue

19)The area in the center of the A band that contains only thick filaments is the A)Z line. B)M line. C)H band. D)I band. E)Zone of overlap

C)H band.

24)At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by A)Actin molecules. B)Myosin molecules. C)Troponin molecules. D)ATP molecules. E)Calcium ions.

C)Troponin molecules.

75)In which of the following would the ratio of motor neurons to muscle fibers be the greatest? A)large muscles of the upper arms B)postural muscles of the back C)muscles that control the eye D)leg muscles E)the calf muscle

C)muscles that control the eye

31)Which of the following acts as an ATPase during the contraction cycle of muscle? A)actin molecules B)troponin molecules C)tropomyosin molecules D)myosin cross-bridges E)the tail portion of the myosin molecule

D)myosin cross-bridges

40)The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called A)Incomplete tetanus. B)Complete tetanus. C)Treppe. D)Wave summation. E)Recruitment.

E)Recruitment.

11)The cytoplasm of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the A)Sarcolemma. B)Sarcomere. C)Sarcosome. D)Sarcoplasmic reticulum. E)Sarcoplasm.

E)Sarcoplasm.

85)Acetylcholine is: A)an ion pump B)a source of energy for muscle contraction C)a component of thick myofilaments D)an oxygen binding protein E)a neurotransmitter

E)a neurotransmitter

58)In order for a muscle to contract properly, it requires A)Energy. B)Oxygen. C)Nutrients. D)An adequate blood supply. E)all of the above

E)all of the above

84)Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system: A)producing movement B)maintaining posture C)stabilizing joints D)generating heat E)hematopoiesis

E)hematopoiesis

36)The type of contraction represented by a single stimulus/contraction/relaxation sequence is a(n) A)Twitch. B)Incomplete tetanus. C)Complete tetanus. D)Summation. E)Incomplete summation

A)Twitch.

16)Thin filaments at either end of the sarcomere are attached to the A)Z line. B)M line. C)H band. D)A band. E)I band.

A)Z line.

78)Which of the following muscles would produce the greater tension? A)a muscle with 20 motor units active B)a muscle with 10 motor units active

A)a muscle with 20 motor units active

52)Heat energy produced from muscle contraction is released through the ________ system. A)integumentary B)Reproductive C)cardiovascular D)urinary E)digestive

A)integumentary

50)contraction that utilize anaerobic ATP production A)require maximal contraction of muscles for short periods of time B)do not use ATP very quickly C)rely on slow muscle fibers D)do not rely on the energy reserve of creatine phosphate

A)require maximal contraction of muscles for short periods of time

64)In an isotonic contraction, A)Muscle tension exceeds the resistance and the muscle shortens. B)Tension rises and the skeletal muscle length changes. C)The peak tension developed is less than the resistance. D)The muscle as a whole does not changes length. E)all of the above

. B)Tension rises and the skeletal muscle length changes.

20)Each thin filament consists of A)A pair of protein strands wound together. B)Chains of myosin molecules. C)6 molecules coiled into a helical structure. D)A rod-shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end. E)A double strand of myosin molecules

A)A pair of protein strands wound together.

5)The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the A)Endomysium. B)Perimysium. C)Epimysium. D)Superficial fascia. E)Periosteum

A)Endomysium.

38)If a second stimulus arrives before the relaxation phase has ended, a second, more powerful contraction occurs. This is called A)Incomplete tetanus. B)Complete tetanus. C)Treppe. D)Wave summation. E)Recruitment

A)Incomplete tetanus.

74)When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the muscle membrane becomes A)More permeable to sodium ions. B)Less permeable to sodium ions. C)More permeable to potassium ions. D)Less permeable to potassium ions. E)Repolarized.

A)More permeable to sodium ions.( Na+ channel opens to allow Na+ to enter inside of sarcolemma)

10)The cell membrane of skeletal muscle is called the A)Sarcolemma. B)Sarcomere. C)Sarcosome. D)Sarcoplasmic reticulum. E)Sarcoplasm

A)Sarcolemma.

54)Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle? A)Smooth muscle connective tissue forms tendons and aponeuroses. B)Neurons that innervate smooth muscles are under involuntary control. C)Smooth muscles are uninucleate. D)Smooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres. E)The thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies.

A)Smooth muscle connective tissue forms tendons and aponeuroses.

70)Which of the following is greater? A)the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle B)the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasm of a resting muscle

A)the concentration of calcium ion in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a resting muscle

22)The skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of A)Actin, myosin, and filaments. B)A transverse tubule and terminal cisternae. C)Filaments, myofibrils, and sarcomeres. D)A bands, H bands, and I bands. E)Actin, myosin, and sarcomeres

B)A transverse tubule and terminal cisternae.

32)When calcium ion binds to troponin A)Tropomyosin moves out of the groove between the actin molecules B)Actin sites on the myosin are exposed C)Actin heads will bind to myosin D)Muscle relaxation occurs E)Myosin shorten

B)Actin sites on the myosin are exposed

33) The most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is A)Active transport of calcium across the sarcolemma. B)Active transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C)Active transport of calcium into the synaptic cleft. D)Diffusion of calcium out of the cell. E)Diffusion of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

B)Active transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

39)A muscle that is stimulated so frequently that the relaxation phase is completely eliminated is said to exhibit A)Incomplete tetanus. B)Complete tetanus. C)Treppe. D)Wave summation. E)Recruitment

B)Complete tetanus.

67)Physical evidence that supports the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction includes A)Increased width of the H band during contraction. B)Decreased distance between Z lines during contraction. C)Increased width of the I band during contraction. D)Decreased width of the A band during contraction. E)An increased distance between Z lines during contractio

B)Decreased distance between Z lines during contraction.

3)The dense layer of collagen fibers that surround an entire skeletal muscle is the A)Tendon. B)Epimysium. C)Endomysium. D)Perimysium. E)Fascicle.

B)Epimysium.

34)Sarcomeres can produce the most tension when stimulated over a relatively wide range of resting lengths A)True B)False

B)False

7)skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers A)Lack a cell membrane. B)Have many nuclei. C)Are very small. D)Lack mitochondria. E)both B and C

B)Have many nuclei.

15)In a sarcomere, thick filaments are linked by the A)Z line. B)M line. C)H band. D)A band. E)I band.

B)M line.

27)Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the A)Synaptic knob. B)Motor end plate. C)Sarcomere. D)Synaptic cleft. E)Transverse tubule

B)Motor end plate.

23)Cross-bridges are portions of A)Actin molecules. B)Myosin molecules. C)Troponin molecules. D)Tropomyosin molecules. E)Calcium ions

B)Myosin molecules.

4)Nerves and blood vessels that service the muscle fibers are contained in the connective tissues of the A)Endomysium. B)Perimysium. C)Sarcolemma. D)Sarcomere. E)Myofibrils.

B)Perimysium.

13)The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the A)Sarcolemma. B)Sarcomere. C)Sarcoplasmic reticulum. D)Myofibril. E)Myofilament.

B)Sarcomere.

12)The series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the A)Sarcolemma. B)Sarcoplasmic reticulum. C)Myolemma. D)Sarcoplasm. E)Transverse tubule

B)Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

6)The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n) A)Fascicle. B)Tendon. C)Ligament. D)Epimysium. E)Myofibril.

B)Tendon.

71)When myosin cross-bridges bind to the active sites on actin, A)ADP is hydrolyzed. B)They pivot toward the M line. C)The sarcomere strengthens. D)Muscle relaxation occurs. E)The I band moves closer to the Z line.

B)They pivot toward the M line. (the kink?)

77)Which of the following muscles would contract more forcefully? A)a muscle receiving 5 action potentials per second B)a muscle receiving 10 to 15 action potentials per second

B)a muscle receiving 10 to 15 action potentials per second

86)During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to active sites of: A)myosin filaments B)actin filaments C)Z lines D)thick filaments E)the H zone

B)actin filaments

17)The area of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments is the A)Z line. B)M line. C)A band. D)I band.

C)A band.

62)In the neurons that innervate skeletal muscles, the cytoplasm of the synaptic terminal contains mitochondria and vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter A)Epinephrine. B)Norepinephrine. C)Acetylcholine. D)Antidiuretic hormone. E)all of the above

C)Acetylcholine.

43)Creatine phosphate A)Is produced by the process of anaerobic respiration. B)Can replace ATP in binding to myosin molecules during contraction. C)Acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue. D)Is only formed during strenuous exercise. E)Cannot transfer its phosphate group to ADP

C)Acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue.

47)During the recovery period the body's need for oxygen is increased because A)Muscle cells are producing energy anaerobically. B)The individual is panting. C)Additional oxygen is required to metabolize the lactic acid produced during exercise. D)The liver requires more oxygen to produce lactic acid. E)The muscles are not producing ATP

C)Additional oxygen is required to metabolize the lactic acid produced during exercise.

42)A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by A)Conversion of creatine phosphate. B)Anaerobic respiration. C)Aerobic respiration. D)Glycogenolysis. E)The tricarboxylic acid cycle

C)Aerobic respiration.

29)Active sites on the actin become available for binding when A)Actin binds to troponin. B)Troponin binds to tropomyosin. C)Calcium binds to troponin. D)Calcium binds to tropomyosin. E)Myosin binds to troponin.

C)Calcium binds to troponin.

59)Skeletal muscle contracts only under stimulation from the _______. A)Sympathetic nervous system. B)Parasympathetic nervous system. C)Central nervous system. D)All of the above E)None of the above

C)Central nervous system.

66)Large diameter, densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and few mitochondria are characteristics of A)Slow fibers. B)Intermediate fibers. C)Fast fibers. D)Red muscles. E)Fatty muscles

C)Fast fibers.

55)Which of the following is not a function of smooth muscle tissue A)Altering the diameter of the respiratory passageway B)Elevating hairs on the arm C)Forcing blood from the heart into the major arteries D)Moving food materials along the digestive tract E)Forcing urine out of the urinary tract

C)Forcing blood from the heart into the major arteries (the arteries themselves are smooth muscle, but the heart uses cardiac muscle)

73)How would blocking the activity of acetylcholinesterase affect skeletal muscle? A)It would make the muscles less excitable. B)It would produce muscle weakness. C)It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax). D)It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract). E)It would have no effect on skeletal muscles

C)It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax).

14)Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for A)Muscle fatigue. B)The conduction of neural stimulation to the muscle fiber. C)Muscle contraction. D)Muscle relaxation. E)The striped appearance of skeletal muscl

C)Muscle contraction.

46)During the recovery period following exercise, all of the following are true, except A)Lactic acid is removed from muscle cells. B)The muscle actively produces ATP. C)Muscle fibers remain contracted. D)Oxygen is consumed. E)Heat is generated

C)Muscle fibers remain contracted.

65)The contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on a bone because A)Muscles are attached to bones by ligaments. B)Muscles are directly attached to bones. C)Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. D)A, B, and C E)none of the above

C)Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

9)Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called A)Sarcomeres. B)Myofibrils. C)Myoblasts. D)Fascicles. E)Myomeres.

C)Myoblasts.

25)Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a neuron at a single A)Synaptic knob. B)Sarcomere. C)Neuromuscular junction. D)Synaptic cleft. E)Transverse tubule

C)Neuromuscular junction.

2)Which of the following statements is incorrect? A)The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. B)Skeletal muscles are responsible for controlling the openings of the digestive and urinary tracts. C)Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. D)Skeletal muscles support the weight of some internal organs. E)Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature

C)Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. (cardiac muscle involuntary movement)

80)If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect A)The potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal. B)The membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative. C)Skeletal muscles to be unresponsive and the heart muscle would undergo cardiac arrest. D)Muscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions. E)both A and D

C)Skeletal muscles to be unresponsive and the heart muscle would undergo cardiac arrest.

28)Action potentials are conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by A)Motor end plates. B)Neuromuscular junctions. C)Transverse tubules. D)Triads. E)Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

C)Transverse tubules.

82)Athletes usually go through a "warm-up" period before engaging in an event. The reason for this "warm-up" period would be to take advantage of A)Incomplete tetanus. B)Complete tetanus. C)Treppe. D)Wave summation. E)Recruitment

C)Treppe.

63)ATP metabolism normally provides ________ percent of the ATP demands of a resting cell. A)25 B)50 C)70 D)95 E)100

D)95

61)The pull called tension is a (n) ________ force. A)Passive, B)Assertive. C)Aggressive. D)Active. E)all of the above

D)Active.

1)Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle? A)Produce movement B)Maintain posture C)Maintain body temperature D)All of the above E)A and B only

D)All of the above

76)When contraction occurs, A)The H and I bands get smaller. B)The width of the A band remains constant. C)The Z lines move closer together. D)All of the above. E)none of the above

D)All of the above.

30) In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases ________. A)Acetylcholine. B)Sodium ions. C)Potassium ions. D)Calcium ions E)Hydrogen ions.

D)Calcium ions

21)The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores A)Oxygen. B)Glycogen. C)ATP. D)Calcium ions. E)Glucose.

D)Calcium ions.

79)Increased oxygen consumption would accompany all of the following, except A)Increased heat production. B)Increased conversion of lactate to glucose. C)Increased aerobic respiration by muscle cells. D)Decreased ATP use. E)Increased muscle activity

D)Decreased ATP use.

81)The bacterium that causes tetanus produces a toxin that affects the central nervous system and skeletal muscles, producing powerful tetanic contractions of the skeletal muscles. The toxin probably acts by A)Increasing the amount of acetylcholinesterase in the synapse. B)Making the cells less permeable to sodium ions. C)Increasing the amount of potassium ion in the intercellular fluid. D)Making the cell membranes more permeable to calcium ion. E)Blocking and competing and with acetylcholine for receptors at the motor end plate.

D)Making the cell membranes more permeable to calcium ion.

51)Each of the following changes in the skeletal muscles is a consequence of aging except that A)Muscle fibers become smaller in diameter B)Muscles become less elastic. C)Muscles fatigue more rapidly. D)Muscle fibers increase their reserves of glycogen. E)There is a steady decrease in the number of satellite cells

D)Muscle fibers increase their reserves of glycogen.

56)The ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths is called A)Elasticity. B)Contractility. C)Extensibility. D)Plasticity. E)Variability.

D)Plasticity.

48)Fast glycolytic fibers A)Have high resistance to fatigue B)Have high concentration of myoglobin. C)Have many mitochondria D)Produce powerful contraction. E)Both B and D.

D)Produce powerful contraction. (low myogloben concentration, but high glycogen concentration)

72)After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as A)Tetany. B)Treppe. C)Depolarization. D)Rigor mortis. E)Oxygen debt

D)Rigor mortis.

26)The space between the neuron and the muscle is the A)Synaptic knob. B)Motor end plate. C)Motor unit. D)Synaptic cleft. E)M line.

D)Synaptic cleft.

8)The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is A)The ability to contract. B)The ability to produce more ATP with little oxygen. C)The ability to repair the fiber after an injury. D)The ability to produce large amounts of the enzymes and structural proteins needed for contraction. E)both B and C

D)The ability to produce large amounts of the enzymes and structural proteins needed for contraction.

37)When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly for several seconds with a stimulus, the amount of tension gradually increases to a maximum. This phenomenon is called A)Incomplete tetanus. B)Complete tetanus. C)A twitch. D)Wave summation. E)Recruitment.

D)Wave summation.

88)Muscle tone is: A)the feeling of well-being following exercise B)the ability of a muscle to maintain a contraction against an outside force C)the condition of athletes after intensive training D)a state of sustained partial muscular contraction that is vital for the health of muscles E)the result of increased neuromuscular system coordination and increased metabolic rate

D)a state of sustained partial muscular contraction that is vital for the health of muscles

44)During anaerobic glycolysis A)ATP is produced. B)Pyruvic acid is produced. C)Lactic acid is produced if pyruvic acid accumulates. D)all of the above E)A and B only

D)all of the above

83)Muscle tissue that is involuntary: A)cardiac muscle only B)smooth muscle only C)skeletal muscle only D)cardiac muscle and smooth muscle E)cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

D)cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

53)which of the following is false? A)cardiac muscle contraction cannot be summated B)skeletal muscle contraction may be summated C)skeletal muscle control is neural. D)cardiac muscle control is neural only. E)Cardiocytes are interconnected through intercalated disks

D)cardiac muscle control is neural only. ( the pacemaker cells are self-excitable and able to depolarize to threshold and fire action potentials on their own, a feature called autorhythmicity)

35)Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during the ________ of contraction. A)latent period B)contraction phase C)recovery phase D)relaxation phase E)A and B

E)A and B

60)When a skeletal muscle fiber contract, the _________. A)H zones and I bands get smaller. B)Zones of overlap get larger. C)Z lines get closer together. D)Width of A band gets constant. E)All of the above

E)All of the above

69)During muscle contraction, all of the following occur, except A)ATP is hydrolyzed. B)Myosin heads bind to actin. C)The H band becomes shorter. D)Calcium concentration in the sarcomere increases. E)Hemoglobin concentration in muscle fibers increase

E)Hemoglobin concentration in muscle fibers increase

18)The area of the sarcomere that contains only thin filaments is the A)Z line. B)M line. C)H band. D)A band. E)I band.

E)I band.

41)The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers produce increased tension but do not shorten is called A)Tetany. B)Treppe. C)Concentric D)Isotonic. E)Isometric

E)Isometric

87)A muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that: A)the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response B)the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli C)the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and jerky D)the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups E)the muscle twitch is a brief and jerky movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous

E)the muscle twitch is a brief and jerky movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous