Chapter 11

peer pressure

Loyalty of dissenters is questioned

Mindguards

Self-appointed protectors against adverse information

4 stages in Rational Decision Making

Stage 1 Identify the problem or opportunity Stage 2 Generate alternative solutions Stage 3 Evaluate alternatives and select a solution Stage 4 implement and evaluate the solution chosen

Self-cenorship

Stifles creital debate

groupthink

a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action

inherent morality

an assumption groups are prey to that encourages the group to ignore ethical implications

invulnerability

an illusion that breeds excessive optimism and risk taking

Stereotyped view of opposition

cause group to underestimate opponents

Decision Making

entialls identifying and choosing alternative solution lead to a desire state of affairs

rational model of decision making

explains how managers should make decisions (excellent logic and optimize the organization's best interests)

Responsibility

if made public it discourages the decider form acting on suspect considerations and therefore encourages more responsible decisions

explicit knowledge

imfomation that can easily e put into words

tacit knowledge

information gained through experience that is difficult to express and formalize

Decision Tree

is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions that shows the consequences of making various choices

consensus

is reached when all members can say they either agree with the decision or have had their 'day in court' and were unable to convince the others of their viewpoint. in the final analysis, everyone agrees to support the outcome.

Transparency

it makes the reasoning behind a decision transparent and available to scrutiny

rationalization

protects personal or "pet" ideas and asssumptions

Minority dissent

reflects the extent to which group member feel comfortable

Minority dissent

reflects the extent to which group members feel comfortable

goal and expectations.

represents a situation in which there are possibility to do things hat lead to results that exceed

Intuition

represents judgments, insights, or decisions that "come to mind on their own, without explicit awareness of the evoking cues and of course without explicit evaluation of the validity of these cues

Illusion of unanimity

silence of members interpreted to mean consent

Quality

the quality of decisions may be enhanced, in the sense that they follow more logically form all available knowledge and expertise.

Evidence-based decision making

which id defined as a process of conscientiously using the best available data evidence when making managerial decisions.