Chapter 11 Review

Government statistics show that firearms account for about ____________% of adolescent suicides. a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 75

50

Two predictors of school dropout are reading below grade level and excessive school ____________.

Absence

The major cause of death for adolescents is ____________.

Accidents, injuries

Adolescents may be awkward and gawky due to ____________ growth.

Asynchronous

A disturbing risk factor for eating disorders in adolescent females is a history of ____________ abuse.

Child, sexual

Which of the following is true about early- and late-maturing adolescents? a. Early-maturing boys are more likely to be agitated and ill-natured. b. Early-maturing boys are often dominated by late maturing boys. c. Early-maturing girls become conspicuous with their height and development of their breasts. d. Early-maturing girls are at less risk for psychological problems and substance abuse.

Early maturing girls become conspicuous with their height and development of their breasts

Menstruation is the sloughing off of the ____________.

Endometrium

American adolescents are growing taller than their parents.

False

Girls are fertile immediately after their first menstrual period.

False

Girls who mature early have higher self-esteem than those who mature late

False

Substance abuse is the leading cause of death among male adolescents in the United States.

False

The stage of ____________ operations is the top level in Jean Piaget's theory.

Formal

Adolescents who have reached Piaget's stage of formal operations differ from children who are still at Piaget's stage of concrete operations in that they are capable of a. seriating a distribution of numbers. b. conserving volume. c. object permanence. d. hypothetical thinking.

Hypothetical thinking

All of the following are risk factors for adolescents' dropping out of school except a. living in a rural area. b. excessive school absence. c. reading below grade level. d. becoming a parent as a teenager.

Living in a rural area

____________ emissions are also known as "wet dreams."

Nocturnal

Of the following, the least likely cause of death for an adolescent is a. homicide. b. pneumonia. c. cancer. d. suicide.

Pneumonia

We would probably find that, as a group, adolescent females tend to be somewhat better than boys in a. studying maps. b. imagining how objects will look if they are rotated in space. c. learning algebra. d. reading comprehension.

Reading

The historical trend toward increasing adult height was accompanied by an earlier onset of puberty, and is known as the ____________ trend.

Secular

In terms of Kohlberg's theory of moral development, Stage 6 moral reasoning is least likely to be based on a. the concept of reciprocity. b. seeking revenge for insults. c. universal ethical principles. d. belief in human dignity.

Seeking revenge for insults

Gynecomastia stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the a. testes. b. endometrium. c. epiphyses. d. uterus.

Testes

____________ triggers the development of acne, which afflicts 75% to 90% of adolescents.

Testosterone

Many adolescents believe that their parents and other adults—even other adolescents—could never understand what they are feeling or the depth of their passions. This way of thinking reflects a. the imaginary audience. b. the personal fable. c. sophisticated use of symbols. d. hypothetical thinking.

The personal fable

It is normal for male adolescents to think of themselves as action heroes and to act as though they are made of steel.

True

On a cognitive level, research evidence shows that adolescent males tend to outperform adolescent females on tasks requiring ____________ ability.

Visual spatial

abstinence syndrome

a characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in the level of usage of a substance.

osteoporosis

a condition involving progressive loss of bone tissue.

secular trend

a historical trend toward increasing adult height and earlier puberty.

substance use disorder

a persistent pattern of use of a substance characterized by frequent intoxication; impairment of physical, social, or emotional well-being; and possible physical addiction.

feedback loop

a system in which glands regulate each other's functioning through a series of hormonal messages.

postconventional level

according to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards.

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging as a means of controlling weight gain.

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by irrational fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and severe weight loss.

self-efficacy expectations

beliefs that we will be able to successfully meet the requirements of our situations

hallucinogenics

drugs that give rise to hallucinations.

According to the text, perfectionistic and obsessionistic personality traits play a role in a. dropping out of school. b. committing suicide. c. achieving Stage 6 of Kohlberg's levels and stages of moral development. d. eating disorders.

eating disorders

nocturnal emission

emission of seminal fluid while asleep.

gynecomastia

enlargement of breast tissue in males.

secondary sex characteristics

physical indicators of sexual maturation—such as changes to the voice and growth of bodily hair—that do not directly involve reproductive structures.

imaginary audience

the belief that others around us are as concerned with our thoughts and behaviors as we are; one aspect of adolescent egocentrism.

personal fable

the belief that our feelings and ideas are special and unique and that we are invulnerable; one aspect of adolescent egocentrism.

puberty

the biological stage of development characterized by changes that lead to reproductive capacity.

semen

the fluid that contains sperm and substances that nourish and help transport sperm.

formal operations

the fourth stage in Piaget's cognitivedevelopmental theory, characterized by the capacity for flexible, reversible operations concerning abstract ideas and concepts, such as symbols, statements, and theories.

menarche

the onset of menstruation.

epiphyseal closure

the process by which the cartilage that separates the long end of a bone from the main part of the bone turns to bone.

primary sex characteristics

the structures that make reproduction possible.

asynchronous growth

unbalanced growth, such as the growth that occurs during the early part of adolescence and causes many adolescents to appear gawky.