Chapter 11 - Skeletal Tissues

_____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage. A. Collagenous B. Microtubules C. Elastin D. Perichondrium

A. Collagenous

The process of bones being formed from cartilage is known as: A. Endochondral ossification B. Epiphyseal calcification C. Concentric lamella D. Collagenous reinforcement

A. Endochondral ossification Endochondral ossification is the process of bones being formed from cartilage. Most of the bones of the skeleton are formed in this manner.

Endosteum can be found: A. Lining the medullary cavity B. Covering bones C. At articular surfaces D. Lining the epiphysis

A. Lining the medullary cavity Endosteum is the thin, fibrous membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones.

The most common type of cartilage is A. hyaline. B. chondrocytes. C. fibrocartilage. D. elastic.

A. hyaline.

Spongy bone is characterized by A. open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. B. a dense and compact substance. C. a soft and flexible gel-like appearance. D. a dense and solid appearance.

A. open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures.

Bones grow in diameter by the combined action of which two of the three bone cell types? A. osteoblasts and osteoclasts B. osteocytes and osteons C. osteoclasts and osteocytes D. osteoblasts and osteocytes

A. osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Blood calcium levels involve secretion of which two hormones? A. parathyroid and calcitonin B. parathyroid and adrenaline C. calcitonin and aldosterone D. calcitonin and adrenaline

A. parathyroid and calcitonin

Cartilage is classified as _____ tissue. A. nerve B. muscle C. epithelial D. Connective

D. Connective

If you were observing compact bone under a microscope, you would expect to see: A. Trabeculae B. Cartilage C. Spongy bone D. Haversian systems

D. Haversian systems Compact bone is dense and provides strength to the bone. It is organized into numerous structural units called osteons or Haversian systems.

Hematopoiesis is carried out in the: A. Osteoclasts B. Osteocytes C. Yellow bone marrow D. Red bone marrow

D. Red bone marrow The process of blood cell formation, or hematopoiesis, takes place in the red bone marrow, where red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets are formed.

The specialized repair tissue that binds the broken ends of a fracture together is known as a: A. Fracture hematoma B. Callus C. Matrix D. Canaliculi

B. Callus The specialized repair tissue that binds the broken ends of a fracture together is known as a callus. The callus "splints" the broken ends and stabilizes the fracture so that healing can proceed.

The end of a long bone is known as the: A. Diaphysis B. Epiphysis C. Articular cartilage D. Medullary cavity

B. Epiphysis The ends of long bones are known as the epiphyses. It is in this area, at the epiphyseal plate, where growth occurs during childhood and adolescence.

The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the A. epiphysis. B. diaphysis. C. articular cartilage. D. Periosteum

B. diaphysis.

Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called A. lacunae. B. osteons. C. canaliculi. D. lamellae.

B. osteons.

The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the A. epiphysis. B. periosteum. C. articular cartilage. D. diaphysis.

B. periosteum.

Once this type of cartilage growth begins, it continues throughout life and is known as: A. Interstitial B. Endogenous C. Appositional D. Fibrocartilage

C. Appositional Appositional, or exogenous, growth is unusual in early childhood, but once it is initiated, it continues throughout life. New matrix is deposited on the surface, increasing the size.

Which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones? A. Mineral storage B. Protection C. Hormonal production D. Hematopoiesis

C. Hormonal production Mineral storage, protection, and hematopoiesis are primary functions performed by bones. Hormonal production is the primary function of the endocrine system.

Bone-forming cells are called: A. Osteoclasts B. Osteocytes C. Osteoblasts D. Osteons

C. Osteoblasts Bone-forming cells are called osteoblasts. They are small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix, which is an important part of the ground substance of bone.

Most bones of the body are formed from cartilage models in a process called A. intramembranous ossification. B. histogenesis. C. endochondral ossification. D. osteogenesis.

C. endochondral ossification.

The extracellular components of bone matrix are A. hard and decalcified. B. soft and calcified. C. hard and calcified. D. soft and decalcified.

C. hard and calcified.

Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called A. hyaline cartilage. B. fibrocartilage. C. myeloid tissue. D. elastic cartilage.

C. myeloid tissue.

Spongy bone is constructed of bony projections called: A. Canaliculi B. Lacuna C. Lamellae D. Trabeculae

D. Trabeculae Spongy bone is constructed of bony projections called trabeculae. These bony plates are separated by holes that give them a "Swiss cheese" appearance and make spongy bone porous.

Appositional growth of cartilage occurs when chondrocytes begin to divide and secrete A. less calcium. B. less matrix. C. additional calcium. D. additional matrix.

D. additional matrix.

Calcification of the organic bone matrix occurs when A. calcium is replaced by phosphorus. B. complex calcium salts are removed. C. calcium is replaced by myeloid tissue. D. complex calcium salts are deposited in the matrix.

D. complex calcium salts are deposited in the matrix.

Until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of the cartilage, known as the _____, remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis. A. ossification plate B. zone of hypertrophy C. proliferating zone D. epiphyseal plate

D. epiphyseal plate

Small cells that synthesize and secrete a specialized organic matrix are A. osteoclasts. B. osteons. C. osteocytes. D. osteoblasts.

D. osteoblasts.

An age-related skeletal disease that is characterized by loss of bone mineral density and increased bone fragility is A. Paget's disease. B. neoplasms. C. osteomalacia. D. osteoporosis.

D. osteoporosis.

Which of the following is not a type of bone? A. flat B. short C. long D. regular E. Irregular

D. regular

Fibrocartilage can be found in the A. middle ear. B. articular surfaces. C. nasal cavity. D. symphysis pubis.

D. symphysis pubis.

The following are functions of bone except for A. hematopoiesis. B. mineral storage. C. support. D. protection. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.