Chapter 11 Testbank: Respiratory & Lungs

During a symptom analysis, a patient describes his productive cough and states his sputum is thick and yellow. Based on these data, the nurse suspects which factor as the cause of these symptoms? a. Virus b. Allergy c. Fungus d. Bacteria

D Bacteria usually produce sputum that is yellow or green in color.

A nurse had previously heard crackles over both lungs of a patient. As the patient improves, what lung sounds does the nurse expect to hear in the patients lungs? a. Vesicular breath sounds heard in peripheral lung fields b. Bronchial breath sounds heard over the bronchi c. Bronchovesicular breath sounds heard over the apices d. Rhonchi heard over the main bronchi

A. Vesicular breath sounds heard in peripheral lung fields are an expected finding for healthy lungs.

During the problem-based history, a patient reports coughing up sputum when lying on the right side, but not when lying on the back or left side. The nurse suspects this patient may have a lung abscess. What additional question does the nurse ask to gather more data? a. Does the sputum have an odor? b. Do you have chest pain when you take a deep breath? c. Have you also experienced tightness in your chest? d. Have you coughed up any blood?

A. Sputum with odor and sputum production with change of position is associated with lung abscess or bronchiectasis.

A nurse is assessing a patient who was diagnosed with emphysema and chronic bronchitis 5 years ago. During the assessment of this patients integumentary system, what finding should the nurse correlate to this respiratory disease? a. Dry, flaky skin b. Clubbing of the fingers c. Hypertrophy of the nails d. Hair loss from the scalp

B. Clubbing of the fingers develops due to chronic hypoxemia, which occurs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A patient reports a productive cough with yellow sputum, fever, and a sharp pain when taking a deep breath to cough. Based on these data, what abnormal finding will the nurse anticipate on examination? a. Decreased breath sounds on auscultation b. Increased tactile fremitus and dull percussion tones c. Inspiratory wheezing found on auscultation d. Muffled sounds heard when the patient says e-e-e

B. The data describe purulent sputum and inflammation of the pleura that may occur in pneumonia. Additional findings include increased tactile fremitus and dull percussion tones, indicating congested or consolidated lung tissues.

Which question will give the nurse additional information about the nature of a patients dyspnea? a. How often do you see the physician? b. How has this condition affected your day-to-day activities? c. Do you have a cough that occurs with the dyspnea? d. Does your heart rate increase when you are short of breath?

B. This question provides data about the severity of the dyspnea and what actions the patient has taken to cope with the dyspnea on a daily basis.

A nurse is assessing for vocal (tactile) fremitus on a patient with pulmonary edema. Which is the appropriate technique to use? a. Systematically percuss the posterior chest wall following the same pattern that is used for auscultation and listen for a change in tone from resonant to dull. b. Place the pads of the fingers on the right and left thoraces and palpate the texture and consistency of the skin feeling for a crackly sensation under the fingers. c. Place the palms of the hands on the right and left thoraces, ask the patient to say 99, and feel for vibrations. d. Place both thumbs on either side of the patients spinal processes, extend fingers laterally, ask the patient to take a deep breath, and feel for vibrations.

C

In reviewing the patients record, the nurse notes that the patient has air in the subcutaneous tissue. The nurse validates that this patient has crepitus with which finding? a. Asymmetric expansion of the chest wall on inhalation b. Increased transmission of vocal vibrations on auscultation c. Crackling sensation under the skin of the chest on palpation d. Coarse grating sounds heard over the mediastinum on inspiration

C

A nurse examines a patient with a pleural effusion and finds decreased fremitus. What additional abnormal finding should the nurse anticipate during further examination? a. An increase in the anteroposterior to lateral ratio b. Hyperresonance over the affected area c. Absent breath sounds in the affected area d. Increased vocal fremitus over the affected area

C. Absent breath sound in the affected area is anticipated because the fluid in the pleural space prevents breath sounds from being heard.

On inspection, a nurse finds the patients anteroposterior diameter of the chest to be the same as the lateral diameter. Based on this finding, what additional data does the nurse anticipate? a. Increased vocal fremitus on palpation b. Dull tones heard on percussion c. Decreased breath sounds on auscultation d. Complaint of sharp chest pain on inspiration

C. The equal anteroposterior and lateral diameters of the chest indicate air trapping from enlarged or destroyed alveoli. This air trapping causes decreased to absent breath sounds on auscultation.

A patient complains of shortness of breath and having to sleep on three pillows to breathe comfortably at night. During the nurses examination, what findings will suggest that the cause of this patients dyspnea is due to heart disease rather than respiratory disease? a. Increased anteroposterior diameter b. Clubbing of the fingers c. Bilateral peripheral edema d. Increased tactile fremitus

C. This indicates heart failure; dyspnea occurs because the heart cannot adequately perfuse the lungs.

During a history, a nurse notices a patient is short of breath, is using pursed-lip breathing, and maintains a tripod position. Based on these data, what abnormal finding should the nurse expect to find during the examination? a. Increased tactile fremitus b. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing c. Tracheal deviation d. An increased anteroposterior diameter

D. An increased anteroposterior diameter is consistent with emphysema.

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a tracheal obstruction. What sound does the nurse expect to hear as this patient breathes? a. Dull sounds on percussion b. Soft, muffled rhonchi heard over the trachea c. Bubbling or rasping sounds heard over the trachea d. High-pitched sounds on inspiration and exhalation

D. High-pitched sounds on inspiration and exhalation are consistent with stridor.

Where does a nurse expect to hear bronchovesicular lung sounds in a healthy adult? a. In the lower lobes b. Over the trachea c. In the apices of the lungs d. Near the sternal border

D. Bronchovesicular breath sounds are normally heard over the central area of the anterior thorax around the sternal border.

A patient has right lower lobe pneumonia, creating a consolidation in that lung. In assessing for vocal fremitus, the nurse found increased fremitus over the right lower lung. What finding does the nurse anticipate when assessing vocal resonance to confirm the consolidation? a. Bronchophony reveals the patients spoken 99 as clear and loud. b. No sounds are expected since sounds cannot be transmitted through consolidation. c. Egophony reveals indistinguishable sounds when the patient says e-e-e. d. Whispered pectoriloquy reveals a muffled sound when the patient says 1-2-3.

A

On examination, a nurse finds the patient has a productive cough with green sputum and inspiratory crackles. What other findings does this nurse expect during the examination? Select all that apply. a. Dull tones to percussion b. Increased vibration on vocal fremitus c. Fever d. Decreased diaphragmatic excursion e. A sharp, abrupt pain reported when patient breathes deeply f. Muffled sounds heard when the patient says e-e-e

A, B, C, E

What are the functions of the upper airways? Select all that apply. a. Conduct air to lower airway. b. Provide area for gas exchange. c. Prevent foreign matter from entering respiratory system. d. Warm, humidify, and filter air entering lungs. e. Provide transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and cells.

A, C, D

A nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a healthy adult. Which findings does this nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. a. Thoracic expansion that is symmetric bilaterally b. Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min c. Bronchophony revealing clear voice sounds d. Breath sounds clear with vesicular breath sounds heard over most lung fields e. Anteroposterior diameter of the chest about a 1:2 ratio of anteroposterior to lateral diameter f. Symmetric thorax with ribs sloping downward at about 45 degrees relative to the spine

A, D, E, F

Which patient should the nurse assess first? a. The patient whose respiratory rate is 26 breaths per minute and whose trachea deviates to the right. b. The patient who has pleuritic chest pain, bilateral crackles, a productive cough of yellow sputum, and fever. c. The patient who is short of breath, using pursed-lip breathing, and in a tripod position. d. The patient whose respiratory rate is 20 breaths/min, and has 8-word dyspnea and expiratory wheezes.

A. This is a description of a left tension pneumothorax. The key manifestation is deviation of the trachea from midline, which indicates high intrathoracic pressure from the left that is pushing the mediastinum out of alignment. The respiratory rate indicates tachypnea.

A nurse suspects a patient has a chest wall injury and wants to collect more data about thoracic expansion. Which is the appropriate technique to use? a. Place the palmar side of each hand against the lateral thorax at the level of the waist, ask the patient to take a deep breath, and observe lateral movement of the hands. b. Place both thumbs on either side of the patients T9 to T10 spinal processes, extend fingers laterally, ask the patient to take a deep breath, and observe lateral movement of the thumbs. c. Place both thumbs on either side of the patients T7 to T8 spinal processes, extend fingers laterally, ask the patient to exhale deeply, and observe lateral inward movement of the thumbs. d. Place the palmar side of each hand on the shoulders of the patient, ask the patient to sit up straight and take a deep breath, and observe symmetric movement of the shoulders.

B

On inspection, the nurse finds the patients anteroposterior diameter of the chest to be the same as the lateral diameter. What other findings does this nurse expect during the examination? Select all that apply. a. Inspiratory wheezing found on auscultation b. Hyperresonance heard on percussion c. Decreased breath sounds heard on auscultation d. Deceased diaphragmatic excursion on percussion e. A sharp, abrupt pain reported when the patient breathes deeply f. Decreased to absent vibration on vocal fremitus

B, C, D, F - These are all indications of enlargement or destruction of alveoli that occurs in emphysema. Air is trapped, which increases the anteroposterior to lateral diameter creating a barrel chest, and pushes the diaphragm down decreasing the excursion and causing hyperresonance. The destroyed alveoli decrease the breath sounds and

A nurse auscultates low-pitched, coarse snoring sounds in a patients lungs during inhalation. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take at this time? a. Palpate the posterior thorax for vocal fremitus. b. Ask the patient to cough and repeat auscultation. c. Auscultate the posterior thorax for vocal sounds. d. Percuss the posterior thorax for tone.

B. The sounds indicate rhonchi, or secretions in the bronchi. The first action to take is to determine if the rhonchi clear with coughing. If the rhonchi clear, there is no need to further investigate this finding.

he nurse is comparing pitch and duration of the various types of a patients breath sounds and recognizes which one of these as an expected finding? a. Bronchial sounds are low-pitched and have a 2:1 inspiratory-versus-expiratory ratio. b. Bronchovesicular sounds have a moderate pitch and 1:1 expiratory-versus-inspiratory ratio. c. Vesicular breath sounds are high-pitched and have a 1:2 inspiratory-versus-expiratory ratio. d. Wheezes are low-pitched and have a 2.5:1 inspiratory-versus-expiratory ratio.

B. Bronchovesicular sounds having a moderate pitch and 1:1 expiratory-versus-inspiratory ratio is a normal finding.

A nurse palpating the chest of a patient finds increased fremitus bilaterally. What is the significance of this finding? a. An expected finding b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c. Bilateral pneumonia d. Bilateral pneumothorax

C. Increased fremitus occurs when lung tissues are congested or consolidated, which may occur in patients who have pneumonia or a tumor.

What is the proper technique to assess for crepitus?

Place the pads of the fingers on the right and left thoraces and palpate the texture and consistency of the skin feeling for a crackly sensation under the fingers.