Chapter 11, The Texas Revolution

What did Santa Anna believe after his victory at the Alamo?

That he had won absolute victory over Texas.

Who wrote the letter "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World?" Why was it written?

William B. Travis wrote the letter as a plea for help for the soldiers inside the Alamo

The Alamo was originally built as...

a mission.

Infantry

foot soldiers

Petition

formal request by citizens to the government

William B. Travis

military commander of Texas forces at the Alamo.

ad-interim

temporary

Battle of Mission Concepción

400 Mexican soldiers attack about 90 Texans here, but the more accurate/advanced firearms of the Texans proved to overpower the Mexicans...this served to boost the Texans' confidence.

What was the Declaration of November 7, 1835?

A document issued at the Consultation of 1835 which explained how the Texas rebels had only acted out of defense. It pledged loyalty to Mexico, as long as the Mexican government agreed to follow the Constitution of 1824.

Runaway Scrape

After the defeat at the Alamo, Sam Houston ordered the burning of Gonzales and the retreat of soldiers and civilians; panic and chaos followed as people tried to flee the path of Santa Anna.

Battle of San Jacinto

April 21, 1836 at 3:00 pm during siesta, the final battle of the Texas Revolution occurred. Sam Houston and his men are able to surprise Santa Anna and his men while they were taking a nap. The battle lasted 18 minutes and left 630 Mexican soldiers dead, with only 9 casualties for the Texas army. The signing of the Treaty of Velasco ended the revolution.

Judicial Branch

Branch of government in which courts decided legal cases and interpret laws

Executive Branch

Branch of government that enforces and carries out the law

Legislative Branch

Branch of government that makes the laws

Davy Crockett

Congressman from Tennessee who helped defend the Alamo

Convention of 1836

Convened (met) on March 1, 1836 and ratified the Texas Declaration of Independence on March 2, 1836. Texans legalized slavery and set up an ad-interim government with the Texas Constitution of 1836. Delegates SELECTED David G. Burnet as President of the Republic and Lorenzo de Zavala as Vice President with elections to be held following the war.

Battle and Capture of San Antonio

December 5, 1835 Texas forces enter San Antonio and begin fighting which will last until December 9 Texas victory forces the remaining Mexican army completly out of Texas for now.

Convention of 1833

Delegates met again and drafted basically the same set of petitions to present to the Mexican government. Sent S. Austin to Mexico to present them. Santa Anna agreed to all but separating Texas j Coahuila. Austin was jailed for telling Texans to proceed with statehood and drafting a constitution-spent 1834 in jail.

The United States Constitution and Declaration

During the Convention of 1836, what did the delegates use as a model to create the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution?

Henry Smith

Elected Governor of Texas by the provisional government.

Siege of the Alamo

February 23- March 6, 1836; The former mission was the location of the first Texas defeat during the Revolution; General Santa Anna surrounded the Alamo and laid siege for 13 days. He promised no quarter and spared only a handful of lives after the Texas forces were defeated on March 6. Santa Anna told Susanna Dickinson to tell everyone what she had seen there that day.

Republican Form of Government

Government where people have the right to create and change the government

Pro War

Group in Texas that wanted to declare Independence from Mexico

Pro Peace

Group in Texas that wanted to stay loyal to Mexico, but they wanted the Constitution of 1824 restored

What was Stephen F. Austin's role during the Texas Revolution?

He commanded the forces at the Siege of San Antonio until he was called away to be a Commissioner for Texas in the Provisional Government established after the Consultation of 1836.

What was Sam Houston's role during the Texas Revolution? Where was he at the time of the fall of the Alamo?

He was Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces; ordered the Runaway Scrape; trained his men at Groce's Landing; won the Battle of San Jacinto (ending the Texas Revolution). He was at the Convention of 1836 when on the morning of March 6, they received Travis' letter pleaing for help. Not knowing the Alamo had fallen that morning, he immediately left for Gonzales.

Consultation of 1835

In November of 1835 Texas delegates met to discuss the future of Texas (declare independence or stay loyal to Mexico). They created the Declaration of November 7 that issued an ultimatum to Mexico, as well as established a provisional state government.

Texas Constitution of 1836.

It established a temporary government, legalized slavery, and included a Bill of Rights (Freedom of Religion, Press, Speech, etc.); based on the U.S. Constitution.

Battle of Coleto Creek

March 19, 1836 James Fannin and his Texas troops were surround by General Urrea and his men. Forced to surrender, Fannin and his men were marched back to Goliad.

Goliad Massacre

March 27, 1836 General Urrea executed the 400 prisoners of James Fannin's troops - only a handful were able to escape. Fannin was later executed, all under the orders of Santa Anna.

Grass Fight

November 26, 1835 soldiers of the siege on San Antonio heard of possible shipment of silver being brought into San Antonio. When they ambush the convoy, they discovered there was only grass for the horses. Proved that the siege on San Antonio was working.

Battle of Goliad

October 10, 1835 small force led by George Collinsworth and Ben Milam attack the small garrison; the victory leads to more support for the rebellion; cut off the Mexican supply route.

Battle of Gonzales

October 2, 1835 The first battle of the Texas Revolution. When Mexico wanted to take back the cannon given to the town of Gonzales, locals fought back and defeated the Mexican troops

Antonio López de Santa Anna

President of Mexico during the 1830's; leader of the Mexican army who had a strict no quarter policy toward rebels

James Robinson

Served as Lieutenant Governor of the Provisional Government established during the Consultation of 1835

Branch T. Archer

Served as president of the Consultation of 1835

Convention of 1832

TX Delegates met and adopted several reforms to present to the Mexican government in the form of Petitions. They included allowing immigration from the U.S. and separating Texas from Coahuila. Because delegates from San Antonio didn't attend, these petitions were never submitted to the Mexican government.

Mexican Constitution of 1824

This was the constitution the Texans were fighting to have reinstated. It provided for a federal form of government that Santa Anna refuse to abide by.

A Texas Navy

What did the provisional government of 1835 create?

Texas Declaration of Independence

Written on March 1, 1836 and approved unanimously at the Convention of 1836 on March 2, 1836 which became Texas Independence day. Written by George C Childress and 4 others.

James "Jim" Bowie

co-leader of forces at the Alamo. Was very ill during the siege on the Alamo

James Fannin

commander of Texas forces at Goliad who was killed on order of Santa Anna following the capture of his troops at the Battle of Coleto Creek

Bill of Rights

government documents that outline the civil liberties, or individual rights, that a government promises to protect and cannot take away.

Cavalry

group of soldiers on horseback

Susanna Dickinson

one a the few Alamo survivors; she was given a message from Santa Anna to deliver to Sam Houston discussing the fate of Texas

constitution

plan of government; a document that sets the framework for how government should be structured and run

Popular Sovereignty

power of the people given in the Constitution

What was the role of the Commissioners for the Provisional Government?

to gather, support, volunteer, and money from the united states during the revolution